Isithombe: Javier Torras de Ugarte, Iphrofayili ye-IG.
UJavier Torres de Ugarte Uvela eMadrid futhi ubhala esuka isayensi yeqiniso ngisho inoveli yomlando. Eyokugcina okuthunyelwe ithi intokazi ensomi. e lokhu ingxoxo Usitshela ngaye nangezinye izihloko ezimbalwa. Ngibonga kakhulu umusa wakho nesikhathi sokungihambela.
Javier Torras de Ugarte - Ingxoxo
- ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Inoveli yakho yakamuva inesihloko intokazi ensomi. Usitshelani ngakho futhi umqondo wavelaphi?
UJAVIER TORRAS DE UGARTE: intokazi ensomi iyinoveli eqanjwe njenge-opera enkulu, inhlekelele yesiGreki (i-pun ehloselwe) lapho azikho izigigaba, izigigaba nezimfihlakalo. Kude nokuba yinoveli ye-biographical mayelana U-Irene wase-AtheneNgicabanga ukuthi iheha kakhulu imizwa kunolwazi. Yebo, umfundi uzothola izigigaba nezigigaba zensizwa engu-Irene njengoba ikhethelwe ukushada Leo IV the Khazarkuze kucatshangelwe umbusi waseRoma, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi le noveli ikhuluma ezinye izinto eziningi njengesizungu samandla, ushevu ewukhiqizayo kulabo abawulangazelelayo nokuthi owesifazane wakwazi kanjani ukuphikisa isiko emibonweni eminingi: ezombusazwe, ezenkolo, zokukhulumisana, ezokusebenzelana. . intokazi ensomi ukhuluma indaba yowesifazane ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe, kodwa futhi inani lokukhokhela amandla.
Ngahlangana no-Irene ngezinsuku zami zasenyuvesi, lapho unyaka nonyaka ngithatha isifundo se-Art of the High Middle Ages. Lokho kwakuyi-a affaire, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi sahlangana ku-intanethi, njengemibhangqwana namuhla, futhi ukuchoboza kwakungenye yalezo ezenza umuntu achithe ubusuku bonke ephapheme futhi agcwalise amaphasishi ngama-rose petals. Kwasiza, njenge-Celestina yesimanje, i UDkt Judith Herrin kanye nencwadi yakhe emangalisayo abesifazane ngokunsomi. Bengifuna a umlingiswa omncane owaziwayo emphakathini jikelele okungangivumela ukuthi ngilandise indaba egcwele intshisekelo, imizwa, isenzo kanye nokuzijabulisa, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukukhombisa lowo mlando, emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka kamuva, awukashintshi njengoba abaningi bakholelwa. U-Irene wase-Athenentokazi yami ensomi bekuyilowo mlingiswa.
- U-AL: Uyakhumbula noma yikuphi ukufunda kwakho kokuqala? Futhi indaba yokuqala oyibhalile?
I-JTU: Bengilokhu ngibona ukuthi ngingumfundi ongasekho, angikaze ngiheheke ekufundeni okuyimpoqo esikoleni noma i-Steam Boat, yingakho cishe indlela yami yokuqala yamahhala neyokuzithandela yezincwadi okwakudala. Ngangineminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa futhi ekilasini le-World Literature sasifunda Homer, Petrarch, Bocaccio, Becquer, Poe… Ungathandana kanjani nezincwadi? Nokho, incwadi yokuqala engiyikhumbulayo ngiyithatha ngezandla zami kungekho muntu ongibonayo futhi ngayijabulela njengenjabulo eyenqatshelwe Itafula leFlanders, of U-Arturo Pérez-Reverte. Ngangihlale nginomuzwa wokuthi konke kwaqala ngaleyo ncwadi.
La indaba yokuqala engabhala kwakunegama elingasho lutho I-Hope syndrome, a indaba ngokwengxenye umlando wokuphila komuntu futhi ngokwengxenye izinkanyezi mayelana nethemba lapho ubhekene namashwa kanye nokubaluleka kwethemba njengamandla aqhubayo empilweni. Ngathi, isithutha esisuka ekuthombeni.
- AL: Umbhali oyinhloko? Ungakhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakuzo zonke izinkathi.
I-JTU: Nginezinto eziningi, futhi kusukela ezikhathini eziningi, ngakho-ke i-apostille embuzweni ayipendiwe ngisho. Ngibona kakhulu!
UGoethe noWerther wakhe Bamake inkathi empilweni yami nasendleleni yami yokuqonda nokubona umhlaba. Ngenhlanhla, angizange ngithande isiphetho futhi angizange ngilingeke, kodwa konke okunye, konke okusemakhasini ako, kwaba yiBhayibheli lami siqu. Nami ngaba nesigaba i-shakespearian okuthe, ngenhlanhla kwezobuciko bemidlalo, ayizange iwususe umphefumulo womlingisi esiwuthwele sonke ngaphakathi kimina. Muva nje, ngaphandle kokungabaza, u-Tolkien no-Lovecraft bebengabaluleki bami ngokwengxenye, nakuba bebengazi. UCarlos Ruiz Zafon, engiphinde ngithole kulezi zinsuku, ungifundise umlingo wamagama nezincwadi. Ekugcineni, UJose Carlos Somoza, engihlale ngimetha futhi engincoma iningi lamanoveli akhe. Kodwa baningi abanye ababhali bamanoveli bamanje: Ama-Falcones, King, I-Alten, Connolly, Buyela emuva...
- AL: Yimuphi umlingiswa osencwadini obungathanda ukuhlangana naye futhi umakhe?
I-JTU: Baningi abalingiswa engibahawukela ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu, bonke bayahlanya, kungani ngingakusho. Njengoba ngike ngasho embuzweni odlule, kulezi zinsuku ngiyaphinda ngifunde Isithunzi somoya, ngakho-ke ngithola ukusho ukuthi bengingathanda "ukudala" UFermin Romero de Torres, leso sigebengu sesibili esimangalisayo esinegama elilula nomusho nje. Ungumlingiswa omangalisayo. Kodwa-ke, ungumlingiswa waleyo noveli, noma ngabe izinkanyezi beziqondane futhi wadala lowo mlingiswa, ubengeke abe nalwazi ezincwadini zami.
- AL: Yimiphi imikhuba noma imikhuba ekhethekile uma kukhulunywa ngokubhala noma ukufunda?
I-JTU: Ukubhala, ukuthula nokuzola. Iselula ivaliwe, noma ingenawo umsindo futhi isikrini sibhekene netafula. Bengilokhu ngephuza ukugxilisa ingqondo, futhi ukundiza kwempukane kungangiphazamisa kuze kube sezingeni lokugwema ngokuphelele, ngakho ngiyaziphoqa ukuba ngithole izikhathi ezifanele zokubhala.
Anginakho ukusangana kokufundaNgifunda ekhaya, embhedeni, ezimotweni zomphakathi... Ngithanda ukufunda ngase-pool noma ogwini ehlobo, amahora ayadlula, ngiyahoxa emhlabeni. Ngifunde ephepheni, edijithali, e-audiobook… Noma yini.
- AL: Futhi indawo yakho oyithandayo nesikhathi sokwenza?
I-JTU: Eshu! Ngiphendule impendulo edlule. Funda olwandle Kuyamangalisa. Ekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi mina, engikhetha kakhulu, ilanga, isihlabathi, ukuklabalasa kwezingane, ukushisa okuncisha umoya, indiza ememezela i-disco iyangikhathaza... Kodwa njengoba ngiqhubeka ngifunda, konke lokho kuyanyamalala, kuyasulwa indawo. Ekugcineni sisele namagagasi olwandle, indaba engiyifundayo nami. Ikona okungenakuphikiswa.
- AL: Ingabe zikhona ezinye izinhlobo ozithandayo?
I-JTU: Leo izinhlobo eziningi: ezomlando, Thriller, contemporary, science fiction, fantasy… Awukwazi ukunengwa izincwadi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzigqoka kanjani. Futhi Ngibhale izinhlobo eziningi. Izincwadi engizithanda kakhulu yilezo ezingenalo uhlobo olucacisiwe, kodwa ezivumela ukukhuleliswa ngomunye nomunye; izinhlobo ziwuhlobo lokuhlukanisa njengazo zonke ezinye, ngakho-ke, aziphelele.
- Ufundani manje? Futhi ukubhala?
I-JTU: Ngisanda kudlula isiteji U-Adam Sanderson, ezokugcina engizifundile kube elandris y Ukuphefumula konkulunkulu.
Kwesinye isikhathi, uma ngibhala, ngiphinde ngifunde amanoveli engiwathande kakhulu, futhi ngikulawo njengamanje, Isithunzi somoya.
Njengamanje ngiyabhala enye inoveli yomlando emayelana nomlingiswa ohehayo nongaziwa kancane, okungisiza ukuba ngichaze ukuthi uMbuso WaseRoma wenziwe kanjani ubuKristu kuqala futhi kamuva wahlukaniswa. Konke lokhu ngokuhlupheka okukhulu, igazi eliningi kanye nezimfihlakalo eziningi. Kuyoba indaba yeziphetho: ukuphela koMbuso, konkulunkulu, kwasendulo, kwezwe lakudala ... Nabalingiswa abaningi.
- AL: Ucabanga ukuthi indawo yokushicilela ikuphi futhi yini ethathe isinqumo sokuthi uzame ukushicilela?
I-JTU: Angizizwa ngifaneleka kakhulu ukuhlaziya i-panorama yokuhlela. Ngibona izinto, njengawo wonke umuntu, kodwa engikuthandayo ukubhala. Ngicabanga ukuthi, njengazo zonke izinhlaka, umhlaba wokushicilela uzichaza kabusha lapho sibhekene nezinselele zobuchwepheshe, sibheka ngokungathembi amafomethi amasha edijithali, i-audiobook, izincwadi ezisebenzisanayo... Kodwa futhi nangomdlandla omkhulu. Izindlela ezintsha zivulwa nsuku zonke, amawindi amasha. Ekugcineni, incwadi izoqhubeka ibe incwadi, kodwa ingase iguqule indlela esiyisebenzisa ngayo (ngoba ukufunda, lokho okuthiwa kuyafundwa, kungenziwa kuphela ngendlela eyodwa).
Mayelana nezincwadi ezishicilelwe njengamanje, Angiyena umfundi wezindaba, ngakho-ke kunzima kimi ukulandela imfashini. Ngiyazifunda izincwadi ezikhishwa ababhali bami engibathandayo, kodwa angizazi ezakamuva ezithwalwayo noma ezingathwalwa.
Sengizibuze izikhathi eziningi kungani post, kungani leso sidingo senziwa ngemva kokubhala. Ngicabanga ukuthi kunezimpendulo eziningi, zonke ingxenye ziyiqiniso futhi ingxenye zingamanga. Ingabe ababhali bayakudinga ukuzithikamela kwabafundi? Ingabe i-ego? Ngemali? Okweze? Ngesidingo? Isilinganiso sokuhweba sokubhala amanoveli sisiqhubela ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo: sibhalela abantu ukuthi basifunde. Ngokuphambene, lowo mphefumulo wothando otholakala kunoma iyiphi inqubo yokudala ungena kuyo yonke inqubo futhi ukhuluma nathi ngezidingo ezivamile, ezihlotshaniswa kakhulu nomuzwa. Kungani uthumele? I-Art, kunoma iyiphi ifomethi yayo, ingumbonisi. Okungabonwayo akukho.
- AL: Ngabe isikhathi senhlekelele esibhekene naso sinzima kuwe noma uzokwazi ukugcina okuthile okuhle ngezindaba ezizayo?
I-JTU: Izikhathi ezinzima, ngenhlanhla noma ngeshwa, zihlala njalo omuhle emhlabeni wezobuciko. Kunjengokungathi umuntu ubonisa ubuhlakani bakhe lapho ebhekene nokuhlupheka noma ebuka ukuhlupheka. Ngokwami, emibhalweni yami yakamuva ngibheka kakhulu okwedlule, kodwa angilokothi ngilahlekelwe umbono wami womhlaba, njengombhali wekhulu lama-XNUMX. Izinto eziningi ezenzeka ngaphakathi imisiwe amanoveli omlando kuhlobene nesikhathi sethu samanje, inhlekelele yethu ehlala njalo neyonakele.
Lapho ngibhala isayensi yeqiniso Kwenzeka okufanayo nakimi, kodwa ebheke phansi. Ngizama ukuchaza lokho engikubonayo eduze kwami nokuthi yini imiphumela kungaba ku ikusasa. Ngizama ukungalahlekelwa umbono wokuthi ngibhala kuphi futhi nini, kodwa ngithanda ukweqa imigoqo yesikhathi nendawo futhi ngigxile kwezinye izikhathi, ezedlule nezisazofika. Kodwa ukuthula okuncane nokuchuma bekungeke kusilimaze...