Izinkondlo zothando ezingamashumi amabili nengoma yokuphelelwa yithemba

UPablo Neruda uqede ukubhala Izinkondlo zothando ezingamashumi amabili nengoma yokuphelelwa yithemba lapho eseneminyaka engu-19 ubudala. Yize esemncane, imbongi yaseChile yazuza ukwakheka okunomculo ophakeme, obonakala ngezindlela zakhe eziphakeme zokuxhumana kanye nezinga eliphakeme lemibhalo. Hhayi ngeze, le ncwadi ibhekwa njengesethenjwa esiyisisekelo ezincwadini zaseSpain American.

Eqinisweni, ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe umbhali waseNingizimu Melika (1973) Izinkondlo zothando ezingamashumi amabili nengoma yokuphelelwa yithemba besivele sinamakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili athengisiwe. Ngokwalesi sizathu, Cishe yiqoqo lezinkondlo ezifundwa kakhulu kunawo wonke. Ngokusho komhlaziyi wezincwadi uHarold Bloom, uNeruda - kanye noFernando Pessoa wasePortugal - imbongi evelele yekhulu lama-XNUMX.

Sobre el autor

UPablo Neruda yisibizo sikaNeftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto (Parral, Chile, 1904 - Santiago de Chile, 1973), owawina iNobel Prize for Literature (1971). Imbongi yaseChilean yakhetha leli gama ngokuhlonipha imbongi yaseCzech uJan Neruda. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala wadlula ekufudumaleni kwe- Izinkondlo ezingamashumi amabili ekuzibonakaliseni okungenangqondo kwe Ukuhlala Emhlabeni (1933-35).

Kamuva, waveza ukuzibophezela kwakhe kwezepolitiki nakwezenhlalo emisebenzini efana Jikelele hlabelela (1950) ngaphambi kokuguqukela ebulungiseni obucacisayo nobubonakalayo obubonakala ku- Ama-Elemental Odes (1954-57). Ngokufanayo, lezi zinguquko zamatimu nesitayela zikhombisa ukuguquguquka kwembongi lapho ifaka izinto ezintsha zobuhle ngaphakathi komkhiqizo wakhe omkhulu wemibhalo.

Ukuzalwa, ubuntwana kanye nemisebenzi yokuqala

Wazalwa ngoJulayi 12, 1904. Ngenyanga emva kokuzalwa kukanina washona futhi kwadingeka ahambe noyise baye edolobheni laseTemuco. Lapho waya ezifundweni zakhe zokuqala futhi wahlangana noGabriela Mistral, owamsondeza ezincwadini zakudala zemibhalo yaseRussia. Inkondlo yakhe yokuqala wathi Ingoma yephathi (1921), isayinwe nama-alias ka- Pablo Neruda (ebhaliswe ngokusemthethweni ngo-1946).

Ngokufanayo, en UTemuco usebenze okokuqala ephephandabeni, waqhubeka nomsebenzi eSantiago njengomhleli we Ukucaca, lapho bashicilele khona izinkondlo zakhe eziningana. Enhlokodolobha yaseChile wafundela ukuba nguthisha waseFrance futhi wazuza ukuduma kwamazwe omhlaba ngemuva kokwethulwa kwe- Izinkondlo zothando ezingamashumi amabili nengoma yokuphelelwa yithemba futhi of Ukuzama komuntu ongapheli.

Ukuhamba nokuxhumana neSizukulwane sama-27

Maphakathi nawo-1920s, waqala ukubamba izikhundla zamanxusa emazweni anjengeBurma, iSingapore, iCeylon, neJava.. Kamuva, wayeseSpain (1934 - 1938). Lapho ahlobene khona nabaculi abavela kuGeneration of 27 njengoGarcía Lorca, uRafael Alberti, Miguel Hernández, Gerardo Diego noVicente Aleixandre, phakathi kwabanye.

Ezweni lase-Iberia wasungula lo magazini Ihhashi Eliluhlaza Lezinkondlo futhi wakwenza kwacaca ukusekela kwakhe amaRiphabhulikhi ngomsebenzi wakhe ku ISpain enhliziyweni (1937). Ngaphezu kwalokho, Lapho ebuyela eChile (1939) waba yilungu leqembu lamaKhomanisi. Ngo-1945, waba yimbongi yokuqala ukuthola Umklomelo Kazwelonke Wezincwadi ZaseChile.

Iminyaka yakhe yokugcina

UNeruda wasebenzisa isikhundla sakhe eSenate ukugxeka izinkinga zomphakathi zesikhathi sakhe, okwamlethela ukungqubuzana neqembu eliphakeme lezombusazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kwadingeka ukuthi acele ukukhoseliswa e-Argentina, kamuva wabalekela eMexico. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kweminyaka yama-1950 wahambela i-USSR, China ne-Eastern Europe. Wathola iNobel Prize for Literature ngo-1971.

Ngawo lowo nyaka washiya isikhundla sakhe sokuba ngumongameli waseChile esekela uSalvador Allende. Umengameli omusha wamqoka njengenxusa eParis. Kodwa-ke, waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele eSantiago egula kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka emibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushona kuka-Allende ngenxa yokwenyuka kuka-Augusto Pinochet kwamthinta kakhulu. Imbongi yadlula emhlabeni ngoSepthemba 23, 1973.

Ukuhlaziywa Izinkondlo zothando ezingamashumi amabili nengoma yokuphelelwa yithemba

Ungathenga incwadi lapha: Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.

Isakhiwo nesitayela

Leli qoqo lezinkondlo lakhiwe yizinkondlo ezingamashumi amabili ezingenasihloko, ngaphandle kwe "The song desperate." Uma umbhalo uhlolisiswa uwonke, into enesigqi sale ncwadi akuyona owesifazane othile, iyi-archetype yendawo yonke. Okungukuthi, umuntu othandekayo kuqhathaniswa nomuntu onothando (umbhali). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uNeruda ngokwakhe umemezele ukuthi ekubunjweni kwakhe uvuse izinkumbulo zokushaywa kwakhe kwentsha.

Ngokuqondene ne isitayela, Izinkondlo zothando ezingamashumi amabili nengoma yokuphelelwa yithemba ubufakazi bezinto ezibanzi zesimanjemanje semibhalo. Lo mbhalo ukhombisa izimpawu zokwakheka okusha emavesini, umculo omakwe kakhulu nemithamo ethile yokubaluleka. Kodwa-ke, okuhlukile kwalo msebenzi kwaba yinkomba yezimbongi zakamuva.

Izici

• Ukuqagelwa kwama-quartet ase-Alexandria.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamavesi kubuciko obukhulu futhi, ezimweni eziningi, kwabase-Alexandria.
• Ukuvelela kwemvumelwano ye-assonance.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwama-sdrújulas namagama abukhali maphakathi namavesi obuciko obukhulu.

themes

Uthando, ukulangazelela okuhambisana nakho kwezinkumbulo, nokushiya kuyimizwa ethintekayo kuyo yonke incwadi. Ngendlela efanayo, ukungena kwezinkondlo kulayishwe inkanuko evela phakathi kwabathandi ababili abancane (futhi nabangenangqondo). Ngasikhathi sinye, imbongi idlulisa lezo zingquza zokukhohlwa ngeveyili lazo elithulile yonke imizwa etholwayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umzimba wowesifazane uphathwa njengensimu evundile efanele ukuphenywa nokunakekelwa ngokuphelele. Lapho isifiso sokuxhumana naye singagculiseki ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ukufisa kwesikhulumi esinothando (indoda edinga umhlaba ukuze iwulime) kuhlala kungapheli.

Ucezu:

"Umzimba wowesifazane, amagquma amhlophe, amathanga amhlophe,

ufana nomhlaba esimeni sakho sokuzinikela.

Umzimba wami womlimi wasendle ukubukela phansi

futhi yenza indodana igxume isuka phansi komhlaba.

Ngangifana nje nomhubhe. Izinyoni zangibalekela

futhi kimi ubusuku bangena ekuhlaseleni kwabo okunamandla ”.

Uthando nobuhlungu benhliziyo

Imbongi ihlala ikhombisa ukungqubuzana kwayo maqondana nokukhohlwa kanye nokomuzwa ngokusebenzisa izingathekiso ezihlobene nobusuku nobumnyama. Ngokuphambene, Owesifazane othandekayo ukhumbula imisindo yemvelo, ubuhle besibhakabhaka, izinkanyezi nokushaya kwenhliziyo kokuphila okuvuswe nguye. Ngaphambi komkakhe, imbongi inikela ngentshiseko.

Fisa ngezwi

Isithembiso ngasinye esikhishwe yisipikha sidinga amagama aqondile akwazi ukufinyelela kuphela ukunakwa nomzimba wowesifazane othandekayo. Empeleni, ibinzana ngomusho imbongi isondela endlebeni yowesifazane wayo ngokuzimisela okuqinile ukufinyelela emcabangweni wayo. Lesi sici sibonakala kule ncwajana elandelayo:

“Phambi kwakho bahlala endaweni yokuhlala yodwa onayo,

futhi bajwayele ukudabuka kwami ​​kunawe.

Manje ngifuna basho engifuna ukukutshela khona

ukuze uzwe ngendlela engifuna ungizwe ngayo ”.

Isenzo siyisixhumanisi

Igama liba yisidingo esingenakugwenywa sesihloko esinothando. Ngakho-ke, isenzo simi njengethuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukuguqula umzimba ongenalutho ube yinto ephilayo futhi kuchuma. Kuleli qophelo, uthando olumsulwa - olungenazo zonke izifiso zenyama - luziveza njengesidingo sothando.

Ukwesaba ukulahlwa

Ekugcineni, INeruda ikhuluma ngokudabuka kwenhliziyo emabintweni aveza ukwesaba okuyisisekelo komuntu: ukuzizwa ulahliwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinkumbulo zobuhlungu besikhathi esedlule zivela njengomthwalo othwalwa ngumthandi ngokungazi futhi ulungiselela umfundi ingoma emuncu. Nayi eminye imishwana evela enkondlweni eshiwo ngenhla:

"Ugwinye yonke into, njengebanga.

Njengolwandle, njengesimo sezulu. Konke ngawe kuphukelwe umkhumbi! "