Isitayela sikaPablo Neruda

UPablo Neruda, empeleni, akazange abizwe kanjalo. Igama lakhe langempela kwakungu UNafetali Reyes Basoalto. Wazalelwa Chile, ikakhulukazi edolobheni laseParral emuva ngo-1904, futhi washona ngo-1973, ngoSepthemba 23. Uma ngicabanga ngeNeruda, amavesi amaningi eza kimi ukuthi nguye kuphela owayengabhala ngaleyo ndlela ... Futhi uNeruda Akazange anikezwe umvuzo kuphela futhi anconywe ngalokho akubhalile, kodwa nangendlela akwenze ngayo.

Isitayela sakhe siqu sasifanele ukusolwa ngesakhe ubuntu obukhulu, wezinkolelo zobukhomanisi, uzimisele futhi unenkani Kuze kube yimiphumela yokugcina, uvikele ngokuqinile konke akholelwa kukho nalokho obekubonakala kukuhle kuye, ngokusho kwabangani bakhe nomfelokazi wakhe, uMatilde Urrutia, abhale ngaye. Kulabo ababemazi futhi behlanganyela naye izikhathi zosizi nengcindezelo, uPablo Neruda wayijabulela intshisekelo eyingqayizivele yalabo abakhethiwe ababhekwa njengesibonelo. INeruda empeleni yayingumuntu ohluke ngokuphelele kulowo owakhonjiswa ngaphambi kwamakhamera, enamahloni, engabonakali futhi ecwile ...

Isifinyezo sempilo yakhe nesitayela somsebenzi wakhe wokubhala

UNeruda wayenomama ababili. Owakhe ongokwemvelo owashona ngemuva nje kokumzala enesifo sofuba noTrinidad Cambia Marverde, unkosikazi wesibili kayise uJosé del Carmen Reyes Morales. Ngokusho kukaNeruda uqobo, "umama wakhe wesibili wayengowesifazane omuhle, okhuthele, wayenamahlaya asezindaweni zasemakhaya futhi enomusa osebenzayo nongadikibali."

Ngo-1910 wangena eLiceo, lapho asevele enza khona izinyathelo zakhe zokuqala njengombhali ephephandabeni lendawo elibizwa nge- "La Mañana". Umbhalo wakhe wokuqala owashicilelwa wawuthi "Umdlandla nokubekezela". Kwahlangabezana okuhle Gabriela Mistral, imbongi edumile, eyamnika izincwadi ezithile zikaTolstoy, Dostoevsky noChekhov, ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuqeqesheni kwakhe kwezemibhalo kwasekuqaleni. Futhi yize ubaba wakhe wayemelene ngokuphelele noNeruda kulandela lo msebenzi wobuciko, izingxabano zakhe zaphakade nendodana yakhe zazingeke zimsize ngalutho. Kwakungale ndlela lapho i-royal Neftalí Reyes Basoalto yaqala ngayosar igama-mbumbulu likaPablo Neruda, ngenhloso eyodwa futhi eqinile ye adukise uyise ukuze angaboni ukuthi usabhala.

Wathola isibongo esithi "Neruda" ngokungahleliwe kumagazini, futhi okumangazayo ukuthi uNeruda wayengomunye umbhali wemvelaphi yaseCzech owabhala ama-ballads amahle phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Ubhale izinkondlo ezifika ku-5 ngosuku, eziningi zazo zigcine encwadini yakhe azenzele yona esihloko sithi "Twilight". Futhi siyakhalaza namuhla lapho kufanele sithole izimpilo zethu ukuthola inoveli eshicilelwe ... Uyazi ukuthi leyo ncwadi ingahle ihlelwe kanjani? Wenza imali ayidingayo ngokuthengisa ifenisha, ukubamba iwashi uyise ayemnike lona, ​​nokuthola usizo oluncane ngomzuzu wokugcina kumgxeki onomusa.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, "uCrepusculario" ushiye uNeruda engagculisekile, futhi wazama ngisho nangokwengeziwe ukubhala enye incwadi entsha. Lokhu kuzoba okomuntu siqu kakhulu, okusebenza kakhulu futhi okungcono kakhulu ekukhulumeni kwemibhalo. Bekuyi "Izinkondlo ezingamashumi amabili zothando nengoma yokuphelelwa yithemba", okwakuyivesi engalikhumbula lapho ngiqala ukubhala lo mbhalo:

Ngingabhala amavesi adabukisa kakhulu kusihlwa.
Bhala, isibonelo: “Ubusuku buzele izinkanyezi,
nezinkanyezi ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziyaqhaqhazela kude ”.
Umoya wasebusuku ujika esibhakabhakeni ucule ...

Ngokushicilelwa kwale ncwadi yesibili, izincwadi zakhe ziba sezombusazwe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo yakhe iba nzima ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yezimo zezezimali, ngoba ubaba wakhe washiya lonke usizo lwezinto ezibonakalayo lapho uNeruda ethatha isinqumo sokushiya izifundo abeseqale ukuzifundisa isiFulentshi ePedagogical Institute.

Efuna usizo, ngo-1927 wathola kuphela isikhundla sobumnyama esasimnyama nesikude eRangoon, eBurma. Lapho wahlangana Injabulo kaJosie, ozoba ngumlingani wakhe wokuqala. Izithandani ezingathathanga isikhathi eside ngenxa yomona wakhe wobudemoni. Wamshiya lapho nje ezwa ukuthi unesabelo esisha eCeylon. Waluhlela ngasese uhambo lwakhe futhi akazange avalelise kuye, eshiya izingubo nezincwadi ekhaya.

Kwakuyiminyaka embalwa kamuva, ngo-1930, lapho uPablo Neruda eshada noMaría Antonieta Agenaar, owayezoba ngunina wakhe indodakazi, uMalva Marina.

EBuenos Aires wahlangana noFederico García Lorca, owayephikelela ukuthi aye eSpain. Lapha wahlangana noMiguel Hernández, uLuis Cernuda noVicente Aleixandre, phakathi kwabanye. Kodwa isikhathi sakhe emazweni aseSpain asihlalanga isikhathi eside, ngoba lapho kugqashuka iMpi Yombango ngo-1936, kwadingeka ukuthi aye eParis. Lapho, edabukiswe ubuqaba obabenzeka eSpain, nangokufa komngani wakhe uGarcía Lorca, wabhala incwadi yezinkondlo enesihloko esithi "ISpain enhliziyweni". Futhi ngaphansi kwalesi sizathu uthathe isinqumo sokuhlela i- umagazini "Izimbongi zomhlaba zivikela abantu baseSpain."

Ngo-1946 wayesevele esezweni lakubo, eChile, lapho wajoyina iqembu lamaKhomanisi, nalapho aqokelwa khona ukuba yisenenja yeRiphabhulikhi yezifundazwe zaseTarapacá nase-Antofagasta. Ngo-1946 waphinde wathola i- Umklomelo Kazwelonke Wezincwadi. Kepha injabulo yakhe ezweni laseChile ayizange ihlale isikhathi eside, ngoba ngemuva kokubeka obala umbhikisho lapho ahlasela khona ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinyunyana nguMongameli uGonzález Videla, wagwetshwa waboshwa. Ngenxa yabangane, uNeruda wagwema ijele futhi wakwazi ukushiya izwe.

Ngesikhathi ecashile, ushicilele omunye wobuhlakani bakhe: "Canto general." Incwadi eyanyatheliswa eMexico futhi izosatshalaliswa ngasese eChile. Lezi iminyaka yokudingiswa babedabuke kabi ngombhali, owaqhubeka nokuthola izindondo ezifana ne- Umklomelo Wokuthula Wamazwe Ngamazwe, ngo-1950, kanye nabanye abaculi abanjengo Pablo Picasso noNazim Hikmet. Ngaphandle kokudabuka kwakhe, wayenenkampani eqinile futhi enethezekile kaMatilde Urrutia, owesifazane owayezoba ngumngane wakhe kuze kube usuku lokufa kwakhe. Naye bekufanele aphile ngasese aze akwazi ukwehlukana ngokusemthethweni nonkosikazi wakhe wangaphambili.

Ngo-1958 kwakuzoshicilelwa enye incwadi uNeruda ngokwakhe ayichaza ngokuthi "yincwadi yakhe esondelene kakhulu": "I-Estravagario". Kamuva uzobhala eminye imisebenzi efana ne- "Ukukhanya nokufa kukaJoaquín Murieta".

Ngo-1971 wanikezwa i- Umklomelo kaNobel Ezincwadini, futhi eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ngo-1973, ushone ngo-Septhemba 11. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokushona kwakhe, baphanga ngesihluku imizi yakhe eValparaíso naseSantiago, okwaba yintukuthelo enkulu nokumangala kulabo ababethanda umbhali.

Isitayela semibhalo

Isitayela sikaPablo Neruda sasingaqondakali. Kubhaliwe ukugxila kuzo zonke izinzwa: ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukubheka, njll. Ngalokhu wafuna i incazelo yesigcawu noma umuzwa wemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka ukudlulisela lelo qiniso kumfundi nokumenza angene enkondlweni noma ekubhaleni kwakhe. UNeruda wayeqondile lapho efuna i- amagama afanele azothokozisa umfundi, ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezingaphili, lezo okunzima kakhulu ukuzichaza.

Ngisebenzise izingathekiso kakhulu kanye nezifaniso ukudala izincazelo ezinemininingwane nezingokomzwelo zabantu, izinto, imvelo, nemizwa. Kuningi ithonya le-surrealism encazelweni yakhe, ngoba wasebenzisa izinkulumo ezingavamile kakhulu nezilukhuni ukuchaza izinto ezilula impela, ezinjengothando olulahlekile, umlingo wobusuku, njll. Uyabona futhi ukwenziwa samuntu kwezinto ezingaphili enkondlweni yakhe lapho ekhuluma ngendaba efana neBolívar ku- "Un Canto para Bolívar", ukufa e- "Alturas de Macchu Picchu", noma olwandle ku- "Oda al mar". Lokhu ukwenziwa samuntu kwandisa imiphumela nobubanzi bezinkondlo zakhe ngoba UNeruda unikeze impilo, imizwa nokuphefumula kuzo zonke izinto emhlabeni.

Isitayela esiyingqayizivele ongasijabulela emisebenzini eminingi.