Izinganekwane zamaGreki ziye zaba umthombo ongapheli wogqozi kubabhali, ababhali bezincwadi, abaqophi bezithombe, abadwebi, abadwebi bezakhiwo, njll. Ukuningi kwemisebenzi yobuciko enesihloko sezinganekwane kugcwalise iminyuziyamu emhlabeni jikelele.. Futhi ngemva kwezinkulungwane zeminyaka, izinganekwane ziyaqhubeka zidonsa ukunaka kwezizukulwane eziningi.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu eziningi zezinganekwane zayo zaziwa kahle. Izinganekwane zamaGreki ziqukethe izindaba zazo zonke izinhlobo: uthando, ukukhaphela, ubudlova, ukuhlengwa, ukujeziswa, noma ukufa.. Mhlawumbe indikimba yayo ehlukahlukene (kanye nezifundo ezivelayo) iyasikhuthaza ukuba sazi eziningi zalezi zinganekwane, njengoba ziseyizindaba ezithakazelisayo. Futhi wena, ingabe uyazi ezinye ezidume kakhulu?
izinganekwane zamaGreki
Izinganekwane zamaGreki zakhiwe yizo zonke izindaba, izinganekwane nezinsumansumane ezihlobene neGreece Yasendulo.izinkolelo zabo namasiko abo. Phakathi kwenganekwane neqiniso kunesinyathelo esincane. Ngoba lezi zindaba nezindaba ziyamangalisa futhi zibalekela ukuqonda okuphathekayo. Nokho, dweba i-panorama yamasiko nezobuciko kanye nokuqonda okungajwayelekile komhlaba wempucuko, futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi isizinda sezwe laseNtshonalanga.
Lezi zinganekwane zigcwele amaphupho, izigigaba ezinhle, kanye nemisebenzi enamandla angaphezu kwawomuntu. Baholwa onkulunkulu, izithixo kanye nezidalwa ezinhle kakhulu ezibonisa amanani nezimo ezingagcini nje ngokushukumisa ingqondo yalabo abazaziyo, kodwa futhi ezibonisa amanye amaqiniso asebenza njengokufunda nolwazi uma sikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nomhlaba wokuhlangenwe nakho.
Izinganekwane zazidluliselwa ngomlomo, nakuba lezi zifakwe kahle ezincwadini ezingafi ezicebisa izinto zobuciko namasiko zesiko lethu. Kunezinganekwane eziningi zamaGreki, futhi ezinye zihlanganyelwa yizinganekwane zamaRoma.. Ngezansi sibala ezinye zezinganekwane zamaGreki ezidume kakhulu.
izinganekwane zamaGreki ezidume kakhulu
U-Apollo noDaphne
U-Apollo, unkulunkulu wama-Olympic, washaywa umcibisholo ovela ku-Cupid owamenza wasangana ngothando ne-nymph Daphne. Wamjaha engakhululekile ehlathini ngoba yena, ngokuphambene, wayethole umcibisholo owawunomphumela ophambene kuye futhi ukuba khona kuka-Apollo kwakungenakubekezelelwa kuye. Umlingiswa we-nymph naye wayengenakunqotshwa futhi wayengahlosile ukushada. Yingakho ke, lapho ezibona eseduze kakhulu nezingalo zika-Apollo, wacela abazali bakhe, unkulunkulu uLadon nonkulunkulukazi uGaia, ukuba bamguqule abe isihlahla.. Ngale ndlela, u-Daphne wakha ngamandla isifiso sokuyeka ukuba khona njengenyoni, ukwazi ukubalekela i-Apollo nokuba yingxenye yendawo yemvelo ayithandayo. Ukuguqulwa kwakhe kwakuhlanganisa isihlahla somlotha esifanekisela amaqabunga athwesa abanqobi emiDlalweni Yama-Olympic..
Ukuthunjwa kweYurophu
U-Europa wayeyinkosazana yaseFenike eyayisechibini lamanzi nezinye izintombi zijabulela lolo suku. Ngenkathi konke kwakuhamba kahle, I-Europa yabonwa nguZeus owazizwa ekhangwa kakhulu yile ntombazane. Wanquma ukuguquka abe yinkunzi, oyisidudla, onemisipha enoboya obumhlophe futhi ngokusobala ethobekile futhi wazibeka eduze kwale ntokazi. Ekuqaleni wayesaba ubukhulu besilwane, kodwa ngokushesha waqala ukusiphulula wagcina esegibela emhlane waso. UZeus, ngaphandle kokuphuthelwa ithuba, wabaleka, wamyisa esiqhingini saseKrethe. Ndawonye bazozala uSarpedon, uMinos noRadamantis.
ukuwa kwe-carus
UDaedalus wayeboshwe nendodana yakhe u-Icarus esiqhingini saseKrethe. INkosi uMinos yayilawula umhlaba nolwandle, ngakho-ke ukubalekela uDaedalus kwafika kuye ukwakha amaphiko athile awahlanganisa nge-wax. Icebo lakhe bekuwukubaleka ngendiza nendodana yakhe. Uxwayise u-Icarus ukuthi wayengeke andizele phezulu kangako ngoba wayesengozini yokuthi ilanga lincibilikise ingcina.. Base bebaleka, nokho, u-Icarus wasishaya indiva isixwayiso sikayise futhi ilanga lancibilikisa ukwakheka kwamaphiko akhe, ngakho walahlekelwa ukuphila kwakhe lapho ewela olwandle.
Sisyphus
USisephus wayeyinkosi edelelayo eyajeziswa onkulunkulu. Umsebenzi onzima owawuthweswe wona kwakuwuku phusha idwala elikhulu phansi eceleni kwentaba. Lapho itshe lifika phezulu, laphinde lawela phansi emthambekeni, ngaphandle kokuba uSisyphus akwazi ukwenza noma yini ukulivimba. Kwenzeka into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi isijeziso sikaSisyphus sasihlanganisa njalo ukuthatha lelo dwala phezulu.
I-Prometeo
Inganekwane ka-Prometheus ngandlela-thile ikhumbuza uSisyphus: umjikelezo ongapheli, njengokulahlwa okungenakugwenywa nokuphakade. Esimweni esinjalo, U-Prometheus wayenguTitan (unkulunkulu wokuqala) othi ezinguqulweni eziningi ubhekwa njengomuntu ophethe futhi umdali wabantu. ngobumba. Ngobuqili wadlula uZeus, owathi, ethukuthele kakhulu, wanquma ukufihla umlilo kubantu. U-Prometheus wayibuyisela futhi uZeus wajezisa ukuqina kuka-Prometheus ngokumenza aboshwe ukuze ukhozi lukwazi ukumbamba isibindi sakhe. Ngaphezu kokubekezelela ukuhlupheka okunjalo, U-Prometheus wabhekana nokuvuselelwa kwesibindi njalo ukuze izilwane zikwazi ukumshwabadela phakade..
Imisebenzi eyishumi nambili kaHercules
UHercules wayeyindodana kaZeus, isithelo sobudlelwane nomuntu ofayo. UHera, umkaZeus nodadewabo kaZeus wayefuna ukuqeda ukufutheka kwakhe ukuphathisa le ndodana yomyeni wayo imisebenzi eyingozi noma izivivinyo eziyishumi nambili, ezaziwa ngokuthi imisebenzi. Nakhu: ukubulala ibhubesi laseNemea, ukubulala i-Lernaean hydra (inunu yamanzi), ukubamba inyamazane yaseCerinean, ukuxosha izinyoni ze-Stymphalian, ukuqeqesha inkunzi yaseKrethe, ukugeza izitebele zase-Augean, ukweba izimbila ze-Diomedes, ukweba ibhande lika-Hippolyta, ukweba izinkomo zikaGeryon. , beba ama-apula egolide ensimini ye-Hesperides futhi bathumba i-Cerberus (inja yaseHayidesi).
Arachne futhi Athena
Le nganekwane njengesikhungo sayo i-metamorphosis entsha (efana neyaseYurophu noma ekaDaphne ne-Apollo). Lisitshela ngesibindi u-Arachne, umluki ovelele, ayenaso lapho eziqhathanisa no-Athena., unkulunkulukazi wokuhlakanipha nomsebenzi wezandla, phakathi kwabanye. U-Athena wayefuna ukuhlangana nalona wesifazane osemusha, okwathi, ngaphandle kokuba nesizotha, wabekela unkulunkulukazi inselele. Laba bobabili benza ama-tapestries amahle futhi u-Athena wakuvuma lokho, nakuba azizwa ecasukile ngoba u-Arachne wayeveze onkulunkulu njengezisulu zokuwohloka kwabantu. Ukuze, U-Athena wamguqula waba yisicabucabu, wamlahla ukuba ajikeleze unomphela..
Ukuzalwa kuka-Aphrodite
U-Aphrodite ungunkulunkulukazi wothando. Enye yezinganekwane ezinkulu isitshela ngokuzalwa kwakhe okungenzeka kwenzeka ngokuthintana kwamasende ka-Uranus (acwiywa indodana yakhe uCrono) olwandle. Ngakho-ke u-Aphrodite wazalwa emzimbeni wowesifazane onikezwe ubuhle obaziwayo.. Ngokwengxenye yabo, i-Zephyrs yayiphethe ukuqhuma igobolondo lapho u-Aphrodite ayekhona baze bafike phansi. Iqiniso liwukuthi u-Aphrodite wazalwa njengomuntu omdala, yingakho kuboniswa izinhlobo zesifazane zabesifazane, kusukela ekuqaleni, nokuba unkulunkulu wokuziphatha nobuhle.
Chrono nokuzalwa konkulunkulu bama-Olympic
UCrono (i-titan ethathwa njengomunye wonkulunkulu bokuqala) wayeyindodana ka-Urano (unkulunkulu weZulu), ambulala futhi wayicwiya izitho. Wakwenza ngoba uyise engumashiqela, kodwa naye waba yiso. UCrono wazala izingane eziningana nodadewabo uRhea: uHera, iHayidesi, uHestia, uDemeter noPoseidon. Noma kunjalo, Njengoba wayeqiniseka ukuthi bazomehlisa esihlalweni njengoba enza noyise, wanquma ukubashwabadela. njengoba bezalwa.
Indodana yabo elandelayo, uZeus, yasindiswa unina, uRhea, owayifihla iminyaka. Esikhundleni salokho, uCrono wadla itshe, ekholelwa ukuthi wayedla indodana yakhe. esikhathini esidlule, UZeus wenza ukuba uCronus ahlanze ukuze alulame bonke abafowabo futhi aqede ukudelela kwakhe. Nokho, kunezinguqulo eziningana zalokhu. Umdwebo kaGoya umele uSaturn (uCronus ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma) egwinya enye yezingane zakhe.
isahlulelo seParis
Yinganekwane eyakha umsuka oyinganekwane weMpi YeThrojani. Konke kwaqala ngomshado kaPeleus (uyise ka-Achilles) nonkulunkulukazi uThetis. Unkulunkulukazi u-Eris akazange amenywe kulo mcimbi, ngakho ubonakale ecasukile emcimbini ephethe i-apula elifundeka kanje: "elihle kakhulu". Yilokhu okubizwa ngokuthi i-apula yokungezwani, ngoba onkulunkulukazi u-Hera, u-Athena no-Aphrodite babekhona, belwela isithelo.. Ukuze baxazulule ingxabano, banquma ukuthi kuzoba uParis, inkosana yaseTroy, owayezokhetha okuhle kakhulu ukumnika i-apula.
Bonke bazama ukuthenga umusa wakhe maqondana nezipho ababenazo: UHera wamnika ingcebo, u-Athena ulwazi nempi, futhi u-Aphrodite wamthembisa owesifazane amthandayo. UParis wakhetha isipho sikankulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite futhi wathatha uHelen eTroy, okwathi ngokwesiko lenganekwane wathathwa njengendodakazi kaZeus futhi waba nezithandwa nabakhongi abaningi ngenxa yobuhle bakhe. Nokho, wayeshade noMeneus, inkosi yaseSparta, okwathi lapho ethola ukuthi uParis wayemyise eTroy, wathukuthela wagana unwabu walibangisa edolobheni eyoqala impi.