Izindaba ezimfishane: ziyini, izici nokuthi ungayibhala kanjani eyodwa

Tindzaba letimfisha tindzaba letimfisha kakhulu lapho kukhulunywa khona ngesihloko sinye. Ngokuvamile, abanamikhawulo endabeni efanele futhi basukela ezindabeni eziqanjiwe kuya kumathekisthi endawo ephakamisayo noma engajwayelekile. Izindatshana ezincane zihlala zixhomeke ezindabeni ezingaphezulu kwemvelo noma izincazelo zeqiniso elihlaba umxhwele.

Kunoma ikuphi, izakhi ezimbili eziyisisekelo ezikulesi sakhi sombhalo zingezokuqala nokuqina. Ngale ndlela, indaba emfushane izoba nekhono lokumangaza noma lokuthwebula umfundi (futhi ngeke kube ukulandisa "okukhohlakala kalula"). Lokho wukuthi, umbhali kumele abe nekhono lokuxhuma ababukeli bakhe kusuka kumusho wokuqala kuye ekugcineni.

Izici zendaba emfushane

Izimfanelo ezilandelayo zichaza indaba emfushane:

Finyeta

Ngokusobala, indaba emfushane ayinaso isikhala esifanayo sokuthuthukisa izincazelo zemvelo uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemibhalo (njengenoveli, isibonelo). Ayikho futhi indawo yokwethula abalingiswa ngokujula futhi asikho isikhathi sokucabanga ngezisusa zabo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwendaba kuhlanganiswe kuze kufike phezulu.

Izinombolo ezincishisiwe

Indaba emfushane ayikaze ibe nezinhlamvu ezingaphezu kwezintathu, imvamisa intambo elandisayo ithwalwa yi-monologue eyilahlayo ye-protagonist. Ngokulandelana, ku-micro-story asikho isikhathi "sokucabangisisa" imvelo noma ukuguquka okuningana esakhiweni (kungaba munye kuphela, ekugcineni).

Intenso

Indaba emfushane iqala ngaphandle kokuncoma noma imininingwane "ekha phezulu"; isenzo siya ngqo ephuzwini. Ngalo mqondo, okufakiwe kwalolu hlobo lwetheksthi imvamisa kungukulindelwa komzuzu wokuvuthwa noma isigatshana esigcwele ukuphazamiseka. Eqinisweni, izindaba ezincane ezinhle kakhulu zibonakala ngokusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo nokwandisa umthelela noma umbono owenziwe ngaphambili nokuwugcina kuze kuvalwe.

Kuyinto "indaba ngaphakathi kwenye indaba"

Isimo esisemqoka sokulandisa sendaba emfushane sitholwa ngababhali ngokusebenzisa isigqi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulandelana okunamandla kwemicimbi kudinga ukulawulwa okuqondile kwenani lolwazi oludlulisiwe. Isizathu silula: inhloso ukukhuthaza umuzwa wokuthi umfundi "unombono" onelungelo lendaba elandelayo enkulu kakhulu.

Isitayela Discursive

Iningi lezindaba ezimfishane zilandiswa ngendlela yokukhuluma. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ezindabeni ezincane ezibhalwe kumuntu wokuqala. Lokhu kufana nezitatimende, ukuqhuma noma imidwebo ephakeme ye-protagonist.

Izinhlobo zezindaba

I-akhawunti engokoqobo

Njengoba igama lisho, yindaba emfushane ephefumulelwe iqiniso elingenzeka. Ngakho-ke, impikiswano yakhe iqala ngokubheka ngokucophelela imvelo ethile noma kuphenyo lwangempela. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wamadokhumende wangaphambilini awuphoqelekile. Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zezindaba ezingokoqobo ngamaphoyisa, lapho kwethulwa khona i-anecdote kumfundi maqondana nobugebengu.

Indaba emnandi

Yilezo lapho zonke izinhlobo zemicimbi engeyona eyeqiniso inendawo, (impela imicimbi engenakwenzeka kanye / noma abalingiswa baphathwa sengathi babekhona ngempela). Ngokulinganayo, kukhona izindaba ezincane ze-meta-inganekwane i-anecdotal ngokwemvelo. Lokhu kusekelwe esehlakalweni esingokomlando, yize sinesakhiwo esakhiwe ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele ngumlobi.

Izincomo zokubhala indaba emfushane

Funda imibhalo eminingi yalolu hlobo

Kunababhali abangenakubalwa abangamakhosi eqiniso alolu hlobo lwemibhalo, bayinkomba engcono kakhulu lapho ubhala indaba emfushane. Phakathi kwalawo magama amakhulu ngeSpanishi kukhona uSoledad Castro, UJulio Cortazar, UJorge Luis Borges, Mario Benedetti, uJulio Ardiles, uVicente Huidobro noGabriel García Márquez.

Ukugxila kuphela emicimbini ezolandelwa

Ukuba uhlobo olukhulunywayo, lukakhonkolo futhi olukhulu lokulandisa, kuyadingeka ukukhetha ngokucophelela ukuthi iziphi izindima ezinokubaluleka kweqiniso ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Enye yezindlela zokufika kuleli qophelo ukusuka ku-macro kuya ku-micro, into efana "nesifinyezo sesifinyezo". Ama-subplots ngokungangabazeki ashiywe ngaphandle.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, awukwazi ukushiya okuthile okubalulekile ngoba kwenza yonke indaba ingabi nanjongo. Ngakho-ke, ukuchaza indaba emfushane enhle ibhalansi ephelele phakathi kwevolumu enkulu yolwazi - etshelwe ngejubane elihambisanayo noma eliqondakalayo - nobude obufushane kakhulu.

Ukukhetha ngokucophelela izinhlamvu

Lapho indaba emfushane inabalingiswa ababili noma abathathu, iseluleko ukuthi bahlukanise ngokucacile. Kodwa-ke - njengoba ingekho indawo yezincazelo eziningiliziwe— izici eziyinhloko kufanele zibonakale ngamagama ambalwa (okuncane kuzoba ngcono). Kulezi zimo, umehluko phakathi kwabalingiswa ungasetshenziselwa ukwenza umfundi acabange noma angabaze.

Isitatimende esihleliwe samaqiniso

Inhlangano enhle kakhulu yendaba emfushane ayiyikhululi ekukhombiseni umfundi izakhi zayo eziyisisekelo:

• Okufakiwe (isingeniso)
• Intuthuko
• umphumela

Kunjalo, ngayinye yalezi zingxenye zombhalo imvamisa umusho owodwa noma emibili futhi baphatha ukulandelana kwezikhathi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ingozi yokuhlanganisa indaba engaqondakali iphezulu impela.

Isiqalo esishaqisayo, ukuvalwa okungalibaleki

Isiqalo kufanele sithathe ukunaka komfundi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ukungena kufanele kujabulise futhi kubambe amehlo. Ngokufanayo, i-twist yokugcina imele ithuba lokushiya umbukeli ethukile. Ukufeza yomibili le miphumela, kuyadingeka ukuhlela ngokucophelela bese ukhetha imininingwane ekhonjiswe kulayini ngamunye wombhalo.

Inketho Yomlandisi

Ngenxa yobufushane bombhalo, kunendawo kuphela yomlandeli oyedwa. Ngalo mqondo, okufaneleke kakhulu ngendaba encane ngumbalisi oyinhloko nomlandisi owazi konke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lombalisi luvumela imidlalo ethile enolimi encike kakhulu ekuthomeni kombhali.

Isimanga sisemininingwane

Yize umkhawulo olinganiselwe utholakala ukufaka imininingwane ethile, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ungenzi ngaphandle kwayo ngokuphelele. Mayelana nalokhu - futhi - ikhono lomlobi lokuba semfushane kubalulekile ukugoqa lezo zincazelo ezibalulekile ukungaguquguquki kwendaba. Futhi, lezo zinto ezibalulekile zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuthola isiphetho esihle.

Ekugcineni, isihloko

Ngemuva kokubamba ngokucophelela, ukubuyekeza nokulungisa okuqukethwe… sekuyisikhathi sokunikeza umbhalo isihloko. Kuleli phuzu, iseluleko kufanele siqonde isihloko esihehayo, esithandekayo nesishukumisayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, into eyodwa noma ezimbili ngendaba emfushane kufanele zihlale engqondweni yomfundi: isihloko nomcabango noma ukukhathazeka akwenzile.