Izimiso zokuziphatha zikaCelia liyincwadi yefilosofi efinyeleleka kakhulu futhi ethembekile kaSolwazi u-Ana de Miguel. Ikhuluma ngesikhundla senhlalo yabantu besifazane kanye nendawo abavezwe kuyo, phambi kwamehlo aqaphile abanye futhi abangaphansi kwayo namuhla. Yashicilelwa ngonyaka ka-2021.
Kungaba yincwadi elwela amalungelo abantu besifazane, umbhali, kodwa ukuyibiza ngale ndlela kungaba wukungaphumeleli. Kungumfanekiso wamanje, ukubonakaliswa okufanele kakhulu kwalezi zikhathi lapho iqoqa umcabango kanye nesizathu sokuthi kungani nanamuhla abesifazane bengakwazi ukuphila ngokulingana okuphelele nendoda. Ubumazi? Ake sithole.
Izimiso zokuziphatha zikaCelia
Izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nenkinga eyisisekelo
Iyini izimiso zokuziphatha? I-RAE iyichaza ngezincazelo eziningana futhi ichaza lo mqondo ngokuthi "iqoqo lezimiso zokuziphatha ezilawula ukuziphatha komuntu kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuphila", noma "njengengxenye yefilosofi ephathelene nokuhle nesisekelo amanani ayo ». Amagama angukhiye kuzoba "moral", "values" kanye "nokuziphatha".
Ukuziphatha kwamantombazane nabesifazane kuye kwafakwa ngaphansi kwemiklamo labanye, kwabesilisa nabesifazane ababendulele, kuhlanganise nabesifazane ababefundile ngaleso sikhathi. Ubudlwangudlwangu buye baqhutshwa ngabesilisa nabesifazane, iningi lethu lizovumelana nalokhu. Sonke siyingxenye yesistimu, futhi Lolu hlelo kanye nale ndlela yokufundisa nokuqhubeka nokulunga okubekiwe yilokho u-Ana de Miguel azama ukukubonisa. ukuze umphakathi uphinde wazi ngenkinga eyisisekelo.
iqiniso elikabili
U-Ana de Miguel ukhuluma ngeqiniso eliphindwe kabili. Liyini iqiniso elikabili? Kuyi-duality ye abafana namantombazane bahlukaniswa unomphela ngemfundo yabo, izibopho, amalungelo, ikusasa nokuhlalisana. Isazi sefilosofi sigxila kakhulu kuleli qiniso. Njengoba ukuhlalisana kwamantombazane kuhluke ngokuphelele kokwabafana, ngoba ngokomlando babe nezindima ezihlukene okufanele bazifeze.
Iveza ukuthi owesifazane ubelokhu ebonwa kanjani komunye. Futhi ubani omunye? Wonke umuntu, amadoda nabesifazane. Owesifazane ubelokhu kwenziwe komunye. ngaphansi kokubhekwa njalo, owesifazane ubengumama, ube yinkosikazi, indodakazi, udadewabo, umnakekeli, umama wekhaya. Futhi u-Ana de Miguel uvele alilahle leli qiniso ngesitayela esifinyeleleka kakhulu. Uyibeka ngokomongo, ayenze ibe sesikhathini samanje futhi athi: “Bheka, usunayo, lIzinsalela zenkinga zisekhona, sizoshintsha lesi simo».
Izwi lika-Ana de Miguel
U-Ana de Miguel ukhuluma ngamandla, ukucabanga ngezindaba ezihlale zikhona, ezixoxwa ngabanye ongqondongqondo, bese ibuyela umthwalo we senze sonke siqaphele njengomphakathi ukuthi sizibophezele ngengxenye yethu. Ngoba kuthinta wonke umuntu. Kwabesifazane abahluphekayo nabakuqhubekisela phambili kanye nakwabesilisa ababandakanyeka ngenkuthalo ekuhlukeni kobulili noma abathi, ngokuphambene nalokho, bakulondoloze ngokungenzi lutho kwabo.
Incwadi ikhuluma ngokungabi nozwelo okukhona. Yindatshana yomphakathi wonkana ngoba kuqondiswe nakwabesilisa abangakaboni ukuthi kukhona okushaya amanzi ngokulingana komphakathi Mayelana nendima. Ngaphandle kombono wobulili futhi ngaphandle kozwela oludingekayo, kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukushintsha ibhalansi ukuze ilingane ngokuphelele. U-Ana de Miguel uqinisekisa ukuthi iqiniso eliphindwe kabili lishintshile, ikakhulukazi emashumini eminyaka adlule, kodwa alikashabalali.
Le ncwadi futhi iyinselele kubacabangi besiko lefilosofi, abadali babo okuvame amadoda. Kodwa ayilahleki ekuzicabangeni okunzima, kodwa ngokushelelayo ichaza umsuka wenkinga ukuqwashisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ichaza kabanzi ngezici ezihlukene zokungabonakali kwabantu besifazane, abanganakiwe empilweni yomphakathi, noma behlukunyezwa njengezisulu zodlame locansi.
Iziphetho
Izimiso zokuziphatha zikaCelia kuyincwadi ukuthi ikhuluma ngezinkinga zokungalingani ngokomlando phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ethinta ngendlela ephumelelayo nelula umbuzo oyisisekelo: ukuthi asilingani, ngoba asizange sikhuliswe ngokulinganayo. Izingane kwakumele zibe kude nasekhaya, zibe yizo ezihlinzeka ngosizo, ziqine futhi zibe ngabaholi, okwakumele zithuthukise ulaka lwazo. Amantombazane, ngokuphambene nalokho, akhuliswa ukuba abe sekhaya, ekunakekelweni komndeni futhi ahlakulele isimilo esinokuthula, sothando esasizowagcina ekude nezimo eziyingozi.
Nokho, konke lokhu kungase kuguquke futhi ngenxa yalokhu U-de Miguel ushaya ukhiye ofanele lapho ekhuluma ngokuzwelana, ukuhlalisana kwabantu, ukuziphatha nokulingana. Konke lokhu kungashintshwa; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushintsho seluqalile. Kodwa ukuze lokhu kucace, wonke umuntu kufanele athathe isabelo sakhe somthwalo wemfanelo futhi ahlanganyele ekuxazululeni inkinga.
U-Ana de Miguel ukhetha izimiso zokuziphatha ukuze abonise ngendlela engokoqobo imiqondo efihleke kakhulu yefilosofi futhi kanjalo uyiqonde, futhi ubeke izindlela zokushintsha. Futhi ukwenza ngokukhetha igama elithi "Celia" ngokuvuma ngekhanda kumlobi u-Elena Fortún.
Amanye amanothi ngo-Ana de Miguel
U-Ana de Miguel wazalwa ngo-1961 e-Santander. Ufunde iFilosofi eNyuvesi yaseSalamanca futhi unguprofesa eRey Juan Carlos University of Madrid. Kule nyuvesi uphethe isifundo seMoral and Political Philosophy. Ubuye abe ngumqondisi wesifundo esithi "Umlando Wemibono Yabesifazane" eComplutense University of Madrid.
Lo mbhali ungumcwaningi ocwaningo lwakhe lugxile emisinga yabesifazane kanye ne-marxist. Izincwadi zakhe zihlanganisa izihloko: I-Neoliberalism Yezocansi: Inganekwane Yokuzikhethela Kwamahhala (2015), Alejandra Kollontai (2011), noma I-Marxism kanye nobufazi ku-Alejandra Kollontai (1993).