I-Quote kaMark Twain
Ukuzidela kukaTom Sawyer Kungumsebenzi owaziwayo we-American Mark Twain. Yanyatheliswa phakathi kuka-1876 no-1878 yi-American Publishing Company. Lesi siqeshana semibhalo sihlanganisa izinhlobo ze-adventure, amahlaya, inhlekelele kanye ne-biography, futhi senzeka enkathini eyandulela iMpi Yombango eSt. Petersburg (1860).
Kule noveli, umbhali uchaza impilo yomfana oyisihlubuki nohlakaniphile, kodwa onomusa kakhulu. Lo msebenzi uhlelwe edolobheni elincane lenganekwane elinezici zalo ezisikhumbuza ugu loMfula iMississippi—indawo lapho umlobi achitha khona ubuntwana bakhe—. Kube njalo umthelela wokulandisa, okuhunyushelwe ezilimini eziningi, ezisetshenziswa njengereferensi emakhulwini emibono, ebuyekezwa ezihlokweni ezibucayi, ezifanele ibhayisikobho, ithiyetha kanye nomabonakude.
Isifinyezo sikaTom Saywer
UTom, naughty futhi othandweni
Izinsuku zikaTom zadlula phakathi kobubi, zaqeda isineke sika-anti wakhe uPolly. Wayefuna usizo lwakhe ngomsebenzi wasekhaya, kodwa le nsizwa yayihlale ikwazi ukugwema izibopho zayo.
Ngolunye usuku ekuseni njengesijeziso sokweqa ikilasi UPolly wamyala ukuthi apende uthango. Umfana ohlakaniphile, engafuni ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe, wenza sengathi kumnandi ukwenza umsebenzi onjalo, futhi. Wanikela kakhulu waze wabathola ukuthi bamenzele umsebenzi. Ngemva kokubalekela ukunxenxa abanye ukuba baqedele umsebenzi wabo, Tom wathola imvume kumalumekazi wakhe wakwazi nokuphuma ayodlala.
Khona-ke, emuva ekhaya ngemva kokujabulela ukuzulazula kwakhe, umfana wabona intombazane enhle avele wayithanda, futhi, njengokungathi ngomlingo, wakhohlwa ukunqoba kwakhe kothando kokugcina: Amy Lawrence. Esephelelwe yithemba lokunakwa yile ntokazi, yaqala ukwenza inqwaba yezinhlamvu eziyingozi, nokho, lokho akuzange kumsize futhi washiya edabukile ngokungabheki.
Ngemva kwezinsuku, futhi njengoba kwakuvamile ngeSonto, umndeni ubuhambele imisa. Lapho, uTom onesibindi wakwazi ukushintshanisa amavawusha amaningana nabanye abantu abasha futhi wahlanganisa inani elidingekayo ukuze awine iBhayibheli. Phakathi kwenjabulo umfana wamangala ngokujabula ukubona uthando lwakhe olusha: Becky. Wayeyindodakazi kaJaji Thatcher, owayeyisivakashi esikhethekile ngalolo suku esontweni.
Ngenkathi inqwaba iqhubeka, uTom wayenesithukuthezi futhi yingakho eqala ukudlala ngebhungane phansi.. Kungazelelwe, isinambuzane sacindezela inja ikhala futhi inja yakhala izwa ubuhlungu. Konke lokhu kuxokozela kwasusa umsindo emakholwa kwadala ukuthi inkulumo iphazamiseke kwagcina kuphazamiseke inkonzo yangeSonto.
Ngakusasa, endleleni eya ekilasini, uTom wagijima kumngane wakhe Huckleberry Finn futhi wafika sekuhlwile ekamelweni. Yazi lokho isijeziso kwaba ukuhlala nezintombi, wamukele ngenjabulo, kwazise wayesekwazi ukuhlala eduze kukaBheki Thatcher. Ngale ndlela wathatha ithuba lokumemezela uthando lwakhe ngaye futhi ngaleyo ndlela bavumelana nenyunyana ngokumanga.
Wahlongoza ukuthembisana umshado unomphela, kodwa wavuma ukuthi ngaphambili wayethathekile ngo-Amy Lawrence. umakoti osanda kuzalwa Wacasuka wagcwala umona, wenqaba ukumisa uthando lwakhe naye. UTom, edabukile futhi ecasulwe ukwenqatshwa kwentombi yakhe, wanquma ukuya kolunye usuku esiphephelweni sakhe esivamile esisehlathini elingemva kwendlu kaMfelokazi uDouglas.
Ukugetshengwa, izidumbu namathuna
Lapho kuhwalala, uHuck wabheka uTom futhi baya emathuneni.Babelindele ukubona amademoni futhi benze amasiko athile namakati afile. Bacashe eduze kwethuna likaHoss Williams osanda kushona. y, ngokuzumayo, babona befika Amadoda esihlahla: UDkt. Robinson, Muff Potter kanye no-Injun Joe.
UPotter noJoe beba ezinye izidumbu, kanti isigebengu sesithathu sibabhekile. Ngokungalindelekile, la madoda aqala ukuxabana efuna enye imali kuRobinson, futhi lona wakamuva wazivikela ngokushaya uPotter ekhanda. UmNdiya wasizakala futhi waqeda impilo kaRobinson ngommese, wabe eseshintsha indawo yesigameko esola i-muff,esabambe ongezansi.
Intsha ithule yazibonela ubugebengu futhiBethukile, babaleka ngokushesha ukuze basindise ukuphila kwabo. Ngemuva kwesigameko esibi wanquma ukwenza isifungo esingenakuphela: ukungatsheli muntu ababesanda kukubona. Baqinisekisa ukuzibophezela ebhodini lokhuni, bahlaba iminwe futhi basayina igazi.
Elopement to Jackson Island and Funeral
Isidumbu sikaDkt. Robinson satholwa futhi izindaba zokubulala zanyakaza idolobha lonke.. Futhi, njengoba bekulindelekile, umbumbi we-muff waboshwa. Ngenxa yalokho, uTom waqala ukuba namaphupho amabi, futhi, kuhambisana nokuntula isithakazelo kukaBecky, ukudabuka kwakhe kwajula.
Ubuciko obuvela kuchungechunge lopopayi lwe-Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Isimo senza uTom wacabanga ngezinto eziningi, enye yazo kwakuwukuhlupheka akunikeza uPolly ngenxa yendlela yakhe yokwenza izinto ngendlela engenanhlonipho. Ngakho, wathatha isinqumo sokubaleka ekhaya. Wahamba kanjalo phakathi kwamabili nabangane bakhe u-Huck noJoe Harper, belibangise e-Jackson Island ngomkhumbi. Ngeshwa, lokho kwaholela ekuhambeni kugcwele izenzo ezimbi.
Edolobheni, ngemva kokubona ukungabikho kwabantu abasha, baqala ukubabheka yonke indawo. Lapho bebona isiphithiphithi abasidala, kwazalwa umuzwa wokwaneliseka kubo futhi bakholelwa ukuthi bangamaqhawe amanga. Ngobunye ubusuku, uTom wanyonyoba wabuyela endlini, ezisola ngokucindezeleka komkhaya wakhe.
Ya Ngaphandle kwethemba, izihlobo nezinye izakhamuzi zakuleli dolobha zahlangana esontweni ukuze zizobangcwaba. Ngalolo suku, uJoe, uHuck, noTom babuyela edolobheni futhi bacasha ephaseji lethempeli ukuze babukele ukuphaphama kwabo. Phakathi kokuhlonishwa, basuka lapho ababecashe khona, futhi wonke umuntu abasizi bebabona bephila, bajabula.
amaqhawe nobulungiswa
Ngibuyele esikoleni, UTom waba yintsha ngaleso sikhathi. Egcwele inkazimulo, watshela wonke umuntu mayelana ne-adventure yakhe enkulu - enikeza, yebo, izinga eliphezulu lokweqisa. Futhi wanquma ukungamnaki uBecky futhi angaphinde amncenge ngothando lwakhe, nakuba le ntokazi yakwazi ngokushesha ukunaka.
Intombazane UThatcher wathathwa yilukuluku nokuvukela, ephenya izinto zikathisha kanye yadabula elinye lamakhasi encwadi eyigugu kakhulu. Lapho uthisha ekhononda ekilasini ngokwenzekile, UTom wathatha isibopho futhi wasithatha isijeziso ngakho. Ngenxa yalomhlatshelo, u-Becky wathinteka futhi waqeda zonke izingxabano zabo.
Amaholide nokuzindla
Kwafika ihlobo futhi u-Becky walishiya idolobha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Tom, edabukisayo ukungabikho kwesithandwa sakhe, kwadingeka ukuthi aphumule amasonto amabili ngoba wayengenwe yisimungumungwane. Ngemva kwaleyo nkathi, lapho insizwa iphuma yaphawula ukuthi wonke umuntu edolobheni wayesethanda inkolo. Lesi simo samshukumisa futhi, ngemva kokuzindla, wanquma ukushiya emuva imikhuba yakhe emibi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ukuqulwa kwecala likaPotter kwase kuzoqala, okwabangela ukuba unembeza kaTom ukhule kakhulu ngosuku.: kwakumele kubekwe icala umuntu omsulwa. Yingakho umfana enqume ukwephula isifungo wavuma konke akwaziyo kummeli kammangalelwa. USawyer wethula ubufakazi enkantolo, ini kwanele ukuthi bakhulule i-muff, kodwa akuzange kuvimbele u-Injun Joe ukuba abaleke.
Umcebo olahlekile
Buyela kokujwayelekile, UTom noHuck Baqhubeka befuna umcebo ogqitshiwe. Usuku olulodwa bazithele kuJoe wendiya banquma ukumlandela, futhi bathola kanjalo ukuthi wayenempango esindisiwe. Ezinsukwini ezilandelayo bobabili baphupha ngokuthola leyo ngcebo, ngoba babengakaze bayibone imali engaka.
Kusenjalo, kwathatha isihlalo esingemuva kuTom, ngoba uBecky wayesebuyele edolobheni. Injabulo yomfana yayichichima. Ngaleyo mpelasonto—ngokuphikelela kwentombazane—umkhaya wahlela ipikiniki encane yezingane eMgedeni KaMcDougal. Ngemva kokuhlanganyela isikhashana, abafana banquma ukuhlola indawo ezungezile, abakha amaqembu.
Njengoba behlola, UTom noBecky balahleka futhi bavaleleka emhumeni. Ngalobo busuku, u-Huck waxosha u-Injun Joe futhi waphazamisa icebo lesigebengu: wayefuna ukulimaza umfelokazi uDouglas. Umfana onesibindi wafika nosizo futhi wasindisa impilo yowesifazane ongenakuzisiza. Ngemva kwalokho, uHuck wagula, futhi umfelokazi wambonga ngokumnakekela.
Ngemva kwezinsuku zivaliwe, UTom noBecker bazama ukuthola indlela yokuphuma, y ukuba kuyo bathola ukuthi uJoe waseNdiya naye wayengaphakathi emhumeni. Basuka ngokushesha bacasha kuye, ngokushesha bahlengwa yiziphathimandla, zavala umnyango wendawo. Nokho, ngesikhathi uTom ekwazi ukuchaza ukuthi iNdiya lingaphakathi, kwase kwephuze kakhulu, njengoba iNdiya lase libulawa indlala.
Ngemva komngcwabo wobugebengu, abafana baqala ukuhlenga umcebo ofihliwe futhi baphumelela: manje base becebile. UTom uthole ukuhlonishwa okuvela emndenini wakwaThatcher, owahlongoza ukumsiza ukuthi angene eSikhungweni Sezempi. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, umfelokazi uDouglas wathatha uHuck, kepha, akazange alingane izinguquko kanye nemithetho yomphakathi, futhi yanquma ukubaleka.
Tom, ekhathazekile ngomngane wakhe osemusha, wamkholisa ukuthi abuye bemthembisa ukuthi, noma becebile, bazokwakha iqembu lamasela eliphumelelayo.
Sobre el autor
Mark Twain
USamuel Langhorne ClemensIgama lokuqamba elithi Mark Twain- wazalwa ngoNovemba 30, 1835 eFlorida, eMissouri. Ebusheni bakhe, ngemva kokushiya izifundo zakhe ngenxa yokushona kukayise, wasebenza njengomfundi womshini wokunyathelisa endlini yokunyathelisa. Wazihlanganisa nokubhala futhi ngokushesha wayesebhala izintatheli.
Ngo-1907 wathola iziqu zobudokotela ezihlonishwayo e-University of Oxford (United Kingdom). Umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala uqukethe: amanoveli ayi-12, izindaba ezi-6, imibhalo yezokuvakasha emi-5, izindatshana ezi-4 kanye nencwadi yezingane eyi-1. Ezweni lakubo ifa lakhe lidlule isikhathi, amagalelo akhe aqashelwe futhi izikole ezahlukene nezikole zamabanga aphezulu ziqanjwe ngaye.
UTwain washona ngo-April 21, 1910, eneminyaka engu-74 ubudala, e-Redding. (I-Connecticut, United States).