Intaba yomlingo (I-Zauberberg) iyincwadi yakudala yolimi lwesiJalimane eyanyatheliswa ngo-1924. Iwushicilelo olubaluleke kakhulu lukaThomas Mann, inoveli enabile intshisekelo yayo igxile ekujuleni kokuzindla kwayo, hhayi kakhulu endabeni. Usayizi we-Pocket uyikhiphe kabusha ngeSpanishi.
Le noveli yobuhlakani eyawina uMklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi ngo-1929 izindla ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa lapho isikhombisa khona umlingiswa ongumbalisi, u-Hans Castorp, evakashele umzala wakhe endaweni yesigameko e-Swiss Alps. Isikhathi sizoba yimbangela yemicabango nokufunda komlingiswa oyinhloko ozobe ezungezwe abanye abalingiswa abacishe babaluleke njengaye. Lesi sakudala sezincwadi zomhlaba wonke siye sachazwa nguMann ngokwakhe njengenoveli yesikhathi.
Intaba yomlingo: noma inoveli yesikhathi
Ukucabanga eBerghof
U-Hans Castorp insizwa eza e-Swiss Alps izovakashela umzala wayo, u-Joachim Ziemssen, esibhedlela saseBerghof. Ekuqaleni, wayehlala amasonto ambalwa, kodwa ukuhlala kwakhe kwagcina kunwetshiwe futhi kuleyo ndawo wahlangana nabantu abamfaka ezindlekweni ezinde endaweni ethule. Lokhu kugeleza kwesikhashana kuzobeka ukulandisa kanye nolwazi lomlingiswa oyinhloko. Umbono wezwe kule ndawo yemvelo uqala ukuthatha ukucatshangelwa okuhlukile kulokho kuhlala okungavamile endaweni yaseSwitzerland.
Iqiniso liwukuthi unkosikazi kaThomas Mann wake wangeniswa esikhungweni esifanayo esikhathini esidlule futhi ukuvakasha kwakhe kwaba umfutho ekudaleni. le noveli ekhombisayo lapho isikhathi silahlekelwa incazelo kanye nentshisekelo. Yingakho ayichaze ngokuthi "inoveli yesikhathi". Kulokuzilibazisa, uMann uthatha ithuba lokuphenya ezindabeni ezidlulele njengesimo somuntu uqobo, impilo nobukhona, noma uthando olujulile.
UMann uphinda avakashele ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX njengoba ebhala le noveli iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi. Ku Intaba yomlingo izilwane ezinomgogodla ziyatholakala ukuqala kwekhulunyaka elinesiyaluyalu lapho izici zobuntu ezifana nalezo ezihlobene nonxiwankulu kanye nokonakala kwabo, indikimba ephindaphindwayo ebhalweni lomlobi ongumJalimane. Ikota yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX inyakaza ngeMpi Yezwe I, isizinda esingenakugwemeka uma sikude endaweni yenoveli.
I-Bildungsroman
Ngaphezu kwenoveli yesikhathi, futhi iyinoveli yokufunda, ngesiJalimane eyaziwa ngokuthi Bildungsroman. Unjiniyela osemusha uCastorp uhlatshwa umxhwele akuthola emtholampilo oqhelile, kude nalokho okwenzeka ngale kwezintaba. Umqondo wesikhathi uzoba ngenye yezinto ezicatshangelwayo, futhi amathonya wendawo kanye nabakhileyo kuyo azokuholela ekubeni ucabange kabusha incazelo yezinto eziningi. Intaba yomlingo Ngakho-ke, iyinoveli yokufunda lapho isikhathi siyisilinganiso esilinganiselwe esishiya umlando ngemuva. Nokho, ukulandisa kusiza uThomas Mann ukuba adalule imibono nemicabango eyayimkhathaza kakhulu ngendlela elula nangezinga elithile efinyeleleka kalula.
Esimeni sokuzindla esinjalo, ukuhlala komlingiswa oyinhloko kuyantengantenga, kodwa hhayi ukwazi nobuhlakani bakhe. Le noveli iphinde ifake abafundi ezingxoxweni nasezimpini zezinkulumo phakathi kwemicabango yenkululeko kanye neyobushiqela. ezisongela iYurophu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX. Izihloko ezifana nepolitiki, umlando kanye nomoya ziyoba njalo phakathi kwamakhasi ayo. Ngokufanayo, umtholampilo wesifo sofuba uba yikhaya likaHans osemusha. Ngalesi sizathu, ezinye izihloko ezinjengokugula nokufa zigqama ngokuxhumana okuseduze nokusobala.
Inoveli yokucabanga eyenziwe ngaphandle kokuxhamazela
Umbhali waqala ukuyibhala ngo-1912, ngakho ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kwakuhamba kancane futhi amakhasi anda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okwaqala njengombono osekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kwaba inkimbinkimbi yomsebenzi, ecatshangelwe kakhulu futhi yachazwa. Intaba yomlingo yakha isithombe esikhulu nesibukhali somuntu, noma ezombusazwe, esinabalingisi abanemininingwane eminingi.
Phakathi kwezinkomba nababhali abaningi abaholayo uThomas Mann abatholile kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, kanye nakule noveli, kukhona uGoethe, Freud, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer noma iBhayibheli. Ku Intaba yomlingo Indaba idlula okulindelekile komfundi futhi iqala ukubukela phansi ulwazi nokwahlulela kwabo.
Iziphetho
Intaba yomlingo Ziningi izinto: inoveli yefilosofi neyokuzindla, yokufunda noma yesikhathi, njengoba umdali wayo ethanda ukubhekisela kuyo. Kuyena abalingiswa babaluleke njengesizinda sencwadi nezindikimba ezahlukene okukhulunywa ngazo: ukuphila nokufa, ukholo, ukugula, uthando, ezombangazwe noma isimo esingokomlando esihlangatshezwane nenqubo yokubhala, iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Isimo somuntu esibonwa ngokuwohloka kwamehlo onxiwankulu baseYurophu isithombe esinemininingwane yalesi sigaba senhlalo engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX. Nokho, le noveli ayikwazi ukuncishiswa kuphela eqenjini lezenhlalo, njengoba uMann ezama ukuveza indida yokuzalwa yomuntu.. Njengoba kubonakala kusukela namuhla, iyaqhubeka nokuba umbhalo okungathathwa kuwo izifundo ezintsha. I-classic enkulu ewine umjaho ngokuqhathaniswa nesikhathi, nokufunda okujabulisayo.
Sobre el autor
UThomas Mann wazalelwa eLübeck (uMbuso WaseJalimane) ngo-1875.. Wayengowomndeni ocebile futhi esemncane waqala ukubhala. Ungomunye wababhali ababaluleke kakhulu bengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX futhi ugqama ngamanoveli akhe, izindaba ezimfushane nezindatshana zakhe. Nakuba Intaba yomlingo Umsebenzi wakhe owaziwa kakhulu futhi owaziwayo, Lapho eneminyaka engaphezulu kuka-25, washicilela incwadi yakhe yokuqala, eyayizogcina imchaza njengombhali, I-Buddenbrocks (1901), lapho eveza khona enye yezindikimba zakhe eziyinhloko, ukuwohloka konxiwankulu. Ngo-1929 wathola uMklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi sibonga, ngokuyisisekelo, kule noveli.
Ukucabanga kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi wakhe kwezombangazwe kwambeka esimweni esinzima lapho umbuso kaHitler unqoba eJalimane ngawo-30, ngakho-ke. ngo-1933 waya ekudingisweni eSwitzerland kamuva waya e-United States. Kuleli lizwe uthole ubuzwe futhi waqhubeka nokubhala ngesikhathi esakaza imibono emelene nobufascist. Wabuyela eSwitzerland iminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kokushonela eZurich ngo-1955.. Uphinde wathola uMklomelo weGoethe ohlonishwayo futhi wanyathelisa ezinye izincwadi zokukhuluma okuyisibopho ezifana nazo Ukufa e-venice (1911), uJosefa nabafowabo (1934), eyaqala i-tetralogy, kanye Udokotela Faustus (1947).