Inkinga yemizimba emithathu.
Inkinga yemizimba emithathu yigama lencwadi yokuqala ye-trilogy Inkumbulo yesikhathi esidlule somhlaba, Idalwe ngumlobi waseChina uCixin Liu. Isihloko sisho inkinga - cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ingaxazululwa - emkhakheni wezobuchwephesha bomgwaqo. Iba yinto yokuhlela ezweni lase-Asia.
Le noveli ibhekwa njengobuciko bobuciko obuqanjiwe besayensi, imayelana nokuxhumana kokuqala komuntu nempucuko yasemkhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kudalwa kwemibhalo kuyimbono ngokuphelele ngenxa yokugxila kwayo endimeni yesayensi emphakathini. Umbhali unikeza emakhasini akhe umbono obanzi ngokwedlule nangekusasa laseChina maqondana ne-geopolitics yamanje. Umthelela wayo ubulokhu kufanele ukuthi ufakwe phakathi izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zase-Asia ezake zaba khona.
Sobre el autor
U-Liú Cíxīn wazalwa ngoJuni 23, 1963 eYangquan, eShanxi, eChina. Njengoba esemncane wayethunyelwe ukuyohlala nogogo wakhe eHenan, lokhu kungenxa yengcindezelo yeziphathimandla ngesikhathi seCultural Revolution. Ebusheni bakhe wabuyela ezweni lakubo wayofundela ubunjiniyela bemishini eNyakatho China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power. Lapho waphothula iziqu ngo-1988 futhi ngokushesha wenza lo msebenzi eYangquan Power Plant.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, uhulumeni waseChina wayenokuvuselelwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe phakathi kwezinto azibeke eqhulwini, ngakho-ke, izimo zazisiza kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemibhalo eqanjiwe yesayensi. Kulowo mongo, UCixin Liu waqala ukuthuthukisa izindaba zakhe ngokuqukethwe okuqinile kwezenhlalo kanye nomthelela osobala ovela kuLeo Tolstoy., U-Isaac Asimov no-Arthur C. Clarke.
Amaqiniso nge-trilogy yemizimba emithathu
Inkinga yemizimba emithathu ithole umbhali umklomelo weHugo 2015 wenoveli ehamba phambili. Bekungokokuqala ukuthi lo mklomelo unikezwe ukushicilelwa ngolimi lwaso lwangempela okungelona elesiNgisi, nokube yingqophamlando. Ngokwengeziwe, le ncwadi yathola ngo-2006 i-Galaxy Award (China) ngokushicilelwa okungcono kakhulu kwezesayensi, Umklomelo we-Ignotus 2017 kanye ne-2017 Kurd Lasswitz Prize.
Izinguqulo zakhe zaduma kakhulu kangangokuba osaziwayo abanjengoMengameli wangaphambilini wase-US uBarack Obama bakhethe yona ngokufunda uKhisimusi ngo-2015. Ngokufanayo, uMark Zuckerberg (umholi kanye nomsunguli we-Facebook) ukhethe Inkinga yemizimba emithathu njengencwadi yokuqala yeklabhu yakho yencwadi.
Isitolimende sokuqala se-trilogy ye- Inkumbulo yesikhathi esidlule somhlaba Yaqala ukuvela kumagazini iScience Fiction World ngo-2006. Ngo-2008 yakhishwa ngefomethi yencwadi, yaba ngomunye wemisebenzi ethandwa kakhulu eChina.. Ukusatshalaliswa kwayo ngeSpanishi kwaqala ngonyaka we-2016 ngu-Ediciones B, okuhlanganiswe neqoqo lawo le-NOVA. Ku-2018 ukukhishwa kwayo esikrinini esikhulu kukhishwe.
UCixin Liu.
I-trilogy yezidumbu ezintathu iqediwe nge Ihlathi elimnyama (2008) futhi Ukuphela kokufa (2010). Ngaphambi kokuthola udumo lomhlaba wonke ngalolu chungechunge, uLiú Cíxīn wayekhiqize eminye imisebenzi yokusola neyesayensi: Iminyaka ye-supernova (1999), Uthisha wasemaphandleni (2001) futhi Umkhakha okhanyayo (2004). Okuthunyelwe kwakhe kwakamuva ngu Umhlaba ozulazulayo, nezinsuku ezisukela ku-2019.
Isifinyezo se- Inkinga yemizimba emithathu
Impicabadala yemishini esemkhathini
Inkinga ebizwa ngemizimba emithathu emkhakheni we-orbital mechanics ayinaso isisombululo esijwayelekileNgaphezu kwalokho, kuhlala kunesiphithiphithi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphansi kwalesi simiso, uLiu uchaza iplanethi - iTrisolaris - ekuzungezeni kohlelo lwelanga lweternary, i-Alpha Centauri. Ukuguquguquka kwamandla adonsela phansi phakathi kwezinkanyezi ezintathu kudala kuleli zwe isimo esiyinhlekelele nezimo ze-tectonic ezingalindelekile eziqede impucuko yayo izikhathi eziningi.
Inguquko, ukubulala, isiqalo esisha
Ukuqala kwe- Inkumbulo yesikhathi esidlule somhlaba i-flashback ebeka umfundi maphakathi ne-Chinese Cultural Revolutionlapho abanye abashiseka ngokweqile bebulala uthisha we-physics uYe Zhetai lapho ebona uYe Wenjie, indodakazi yakhe encane Ngemuva kokusinda ebudloveni obuningi, uba yisazi sezinkanyezi. Kodwa-ke, ezobunhloli zombuso zimbeka njengowesifazane "ophikisana nokuvukelwa kombuso".
ICosta Roja, uhlelo oluhlukanisiwe
Ngokwesatshiswa kwesikhathi sejele, uYe Wenjie wabelwa eRed Coast, uhlelo lwezempi oluhlukanisiwe. Isimo somsebenzi asizinzile ngenxa yokungathembani phakathi kwakhe nabaholi bophenyo. Kodwa-ke, ulwazi lwesazi esincane sezinkanyezi ngama-exoplanet nezinhlelo zezinkanyezi ezikude luyadingeka kakhulu. Usulile emsebenzini, usebenza kanzima, elinde ithuba lokuphindisela ngokufa kukayise.
UWang Maio kanye neqembu leFrontiers of Science
Namuhla, uchwepheshe we-nanomaterials UWang Maio ungene ngesicelo samaphoyisa - eqenjini elibizwa ngeFrontiers of Science. Iyiklabhu yezimpikiswano engaqondakali eyakhiwe ososayensi abaningi abahamba phambili abavela emhlabeni wonke abagxile ekutholeni isisombululo senkinga yalezi zidumbu ezintathu. Ngokunokwenzeka, impendulo iyaphikisana nemingcele yesayensi ejwayelekile.
Umzimba Omithathu
Imininingwane yokuqala evela emaphoyiseni ikhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi iFrontiers of Science ixhunyaniswe nokulandelana kwezinsolo zokuzibulala kososayensi emhlabeni jikelele. Kamuva, Imibuzo kaWang yembula into ebalulekile: Umzimba Omithathu, uhlelo lobuchwepheshe lwabadlali abaningi beVR olusetshenziswa ngamalungu eFrontiers of Science. Le software ifanisa uMhlaba ngesimo sezulu esishintshe ngendlela engaqondakali.
KuMzimba Omithathu ubude bezinkathi (ngisho nezinsuku) abulindelekile. Ukwehluka kwamazinga okushisa kukhulu ngenxa yokunyamalala kwelanga iminyaka noma, kunalokho, inkosi yezinkanyezi ibonakala isondela kwiplanethi. Lapho, abantu bangaphila kuphela ngokuhlala esimweni sokulala esingenamanzi ngezikhathi zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalokho, ukubikezela indlela yelanga kuyinkinga enkulu lapho uWang abuka futhi ahlanganyele khona, njengabanye abalingiswa abasemdlalweni, besebenzisa ngempumelelo imibono yakhe kule nkinga. Umbhali womsebenzi usebenzisa lesi simo ukubhekisa kwizenzo ezinhle zomlando wesayensi futhi yenza isichasiselo sombono ukuzama ukubona ukuthi izitatimende zesikhathi esedlule zingaba wusizo yini enkingeni yemizimba emithathu.
Ukubuya kukaYe Wenjie
Kodwa-ke, ukusuka ekubeni ngumdlalo wabadlali abaningi kakhulu, lo ubonakala unemiphumela eqondile kubahlanganyeli bangempela. Ngakho-ke, uWang uqala ukufuna izimpendulo kososayensi abahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-Ye Wenjie esegugile. Bamembulela lokho Umzimba omathathu empeleni uwuhlobo lwesikhulumi sokuxhumana esisetshenziswa yimpucuko engaziwa, abaseTrisolari.
Ukutholakala
Ngemuva kwalokho, uWang wenza umfelandawonye noShi Quang, iphoyisa elingenangqondo (elifanele konke ukungathembi) elingenandaba ngokuphelele nesayensi ukuze liqhubeke nophenyo lwalo. Bathola ukuthi abafokazi bayimbangela yangempela yokuzibulala kososayensi emhlabeni jikelele, njengoba inhloso yawo kungukuqinisekisa ukuqiniseka kwabantu ngesayensi futhi kuncishe isintu noma iyiphi inqubekela phambili.
U-Wang uthuthukisa izikhali ze-nanotech ezifakwe yi-commando yempi (ehlanganiswe nguShi Quang) ku-Frontiers of radar yeSayensi ehambayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, amaqembu amabili ngaphakathi kweqembu ayabonakala: labo basekeli bokuhlasela kwabantu baseTrisolari ukuze bathuthukise impucuko yabantu ngokuphoqa, babhekene nalabo abafuna ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele kwesintu.
Kuvezwa futhi ukuthi "ukuqothulwa kwabantu" kuvimbele imilayezo eyimfihlakalo yelinye iqembu eliya kumaTrisolarians.. UWang udlulisela lonke lolu lwazi olusha kuYe Wenjie, oqinisekisa izinsolo ezindala ngaphandle kokubukeka emangele. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesethole indlela entsha yokudlulisa amaza omsakazo emabangeni aphakathi kwezinkanyezi kusetshenziswa amandla ayikhanyayo emisebe yelanga.
Iqiniso elingahluziwe
U-Ye Wenjie uthembele ekutholeni kwakhe kwakamuva ukuthumela umyalezo ngaku-Alpha Centauri. Kulo myalezo ucela usizo lokukhulula uMhlaba ekubuseni kobukhomanisi, ukunciphisa ubumpofu nokuqeda izimpi. Kepha abaphathi bakaTrisolaris nabo abakholelwa kumiklamo yentando yeningi. Ngakho-ke, umlayezo wosizo uba izaba ezifanele zokulungisiswa kwamaTrisolarians "ukuqothulwa komthetho."
Ekugcineni, amaTrisolarians amemezela kubo bonke abantu ubukhona babo nezinhlelo zabo zokuhlasela. Abafokazi baveza obala ukwedelela kwabo ngokubiza abantu "izimbungulu." Isixwayiso somfokazi simcwilisa ngokuphelele uWang, kepha uShi Quang uyamqinisekisa ngokusho ukuthi, ngendlela efana nokusinda kwezinambuzane lapho kubhekene nobuchwepheshe obuphakeme babantu, isintu singakwazi.
Isiphetho sokucabanga ngaso
Isahluko sokuqala se- Inkumbulo yesikhathi esidlule somhlaba kuvalwa ngoYe Wenjie ehamba yedwa emanxiweni amanxiwa esakhiwo esidala saseRed Coast. Lapho, isazi sezinkanyezi sicabanga ngemiphumela yezenzo zaso futhi sikhumbula isikhathi saso esidlule esihlaselwe ukudabuka. Ngemuva kwalokho, mhlawumbe uthathe impilo yakhe.
Ukucaphuna kukaCixin Liu.
Lo ngumsebenzi oveza kahle kakhulu osimema ukuthi sicabange ngalokho esiyikho ngempela njengezilwane endaweni enkulu kangaka.. Iphinde ishiye ukungaziwa okuningi emoyeni, kufaka phakathi "Ingabe sikulungele ngempela ukuhlangana okuseduze?" Noma "Ingabe siyimpucuko ethuthukile ngempela?" Iqiniso ngukuthi abangaphezu koyedwa bazongabaza ngemuva kokufunda le ncwadi. Izimpendulo zizoncika kumfundi ngamunye, iqiniso liphambi kwamehlo ethu.