Inganekwane kaSisyphus
Inganekwane kaSisyphus -noma Insumansumane KaSiphe, ngesihloko sayo sokuqala ngesiFulentshi—iyindatshana yefilosofi eyabhalwa intatheli, umbhali wamanoveli futhi owawina umklomelo kaNobel ezincwadini (1957) u-Albert Camus. Umsebenzi wanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-October 1942, yinhlangano enyathelisayo i-Éditions Gallimard. Thanda Phesheya y Isifo, lena ingenye yemibhalo emikhulu yomlobi, okuxoxwa ngayo izikhathi eziningi.
ngakho Phesheya njengoba Inganekwane kaSisyphus Bavela ngosuku olufanayo, ukuveza ithalente lokubhala le-Camus lomphakathi, amandla okuzindla ngethiyori kanye nokuzwela kwezimiso zokuziphatha. Umbhali wayebhala imidlalo, ama-eseyi, ukulandisa kanye nezibuyekezo. Ngalezi zindlela wayevame ukuhlola ukunotha nokungaqondakali kwesimo somuntu.
Umsuka wenganekwane kaSisyphus
Igama lendatshana kaCamus linomsuka walo ku-uxolo ukuphinda ubuyele emuva - inganekwane kaSisyphus, inkosi yamaGreki eyayaziwa ngokuqamba amanga, ukukhohlisa, nokuxhaphaza abantu bombuso wayo. Ngolunye usuku, wakhohlisa uThanatos, ngokufa, futhi, lapho ephelela endaweni engaphansi komhlaba, wakhohlisa unkulunkulu iHayidesi ukuba amvuselele futhi abuyisele ubusha nobuhle bakhe. Ngemva kokuguga, uSisyphus waphinde wafa.
Nokho, kwakungeyena uThanatos owayomfuna, kodwa Hermes, unkulunkulu wamanga. Unkulunkulu wasizakala ngokuthakasela kwekhehla waphakamisa isivumelwano. Wamthatha wamyisa entabeni futhi wamthembisa lokho, uma ekwazi ukuphusha itshe futhi yenza lokhu izohlala inganyakazi phezulu, uzomenza i-Olympian. Yavuma indoda. Ngenxa yalokho, wachitha ingunaphakade ephusha itshe.
Amazwibela we Inganekwane kaSisyphus
Isijeziso saphezulu noma isingathekiso sefilosofi yezinto ezingenangqondo?
Lo msebenzi ka-Albert Camus uhlukaniswe waba izahluko ezine kanye nesithasiselo. Njengomcabango wefilosofi yezinto ezingenangqondo, uCamus ubona uSisyphus elwa ngentshiseko nokuthula okungenangqondo komhlaba. Ngakho, Umbhalo uphakamisa isisekelo esithakazelisayo: uma ukuphila kungenayo incazelo, Kungani ungayisebenzisi ukwenza lokho okuthanda ngempela? Ngale ndlela, i-absurdism kaCamus ayigxili ngendlela engalungile.
Eqinisweni, Ifilosofi yakhe iphakamisa izisekelo zokusebenzisa okungenangqondo njengesiqiniseko esivikela izindinganiso ezifana nenkululeko, ubumbano nokwesekwa phakathi kwezakhamizi. Empeleni, ukwakheka komsebenzi kuthe ukudideka. Nokho, kancane kancane uCamus udalula izimiso zakhe, abese ebonisa inganekwane kaSisyphus futhi aqambe izingathekiso zakhe ngayo.
Ukuqhathaniswa komuntu wanamuhla nenkosi yamaGreki
Inganekwane kaSisyphus ichaza i-iconography yeqhawe elingenangqondo. Okusho ukuthi: umuntu onqotshwa izinkanuko zakhe futhi akanandaba nencazelo ejulile yokuba khona. Ekugcineni, lokhu akunayo incazelo esobala, ngakho Umuntu akufanele akhathazeke ngento engekho noma engeke ithinte ukuphila kwakhe kwansuku zonke.
Ngalo mqondo, iqhawe elingenangqondo lizinikezele ekuqedeni noma yini, ngokuqondile ngenxa yentshiseko elizwayo ngokuphila nakho konke elikushoyo, kuhlanganise nolwazi olubi. Uma kubonakala kuyindida kungenxa yokuthi kunjalo. Ubuwula obubekwe ku Inganekwane kaSisyphus ukhombisa ukuthi ungumphathi wesiphetho sakhe, ngisho nokuphila isijeziso saphezulu sonkulunkulu.
Isifaniso sokuzibulala
Ukuhumusha okuhambisanayo kwalokhu okuhlongozwe ngaphambili kusho lokho Inganekwane kaSisyphus Imayelana nokubaluleka kwempilo kanye nomzamo ongapheli nongenamsebenzi womuntu. Ngenxa yobukhona obunjalo obungabalulekile, lapho okuwukuphela kwento enenani yilokho esikudalayo, umbhali uyabuza: "Ingabe ikhona enye indlela yokuzibulala?", Esho nokuthi: "Kunenkinga eyodwa kuphela yefilosofi engathi sína: ukuzibulala. .” .
Mayelana nendoda engenangqondo
Ngobubanzi, le archetype ephakanyiswe uCamus, ayibiza ngokuthi "indoda engenangqondo," iveza ukungahambisani komuntu, okuthi noma engawuqondi umhlaba, ahlale ebhekene nalokhu kungezwani.. Ngenxa yalokhu, umlobi uthi: “Imbuka aliwuphiki umlando osizungezile futhi lizama ukuzigomela kuwo. Kodwa uzithola ephambi kwayo njengomculi ngaphambi kweqiniso, uyalilahla ngaphandle kokuligwema. Akukwenzi ngisho nangomzuzwana owodwa kube ngokuphelele.”
Ukuchaza umqondo wakho, elimile kusola lokhoUkwamukela okungenangqondo kuwukuphela kwento engenziwa esikhundleni sokukholwa okungafanele okufunwa yizinkolo kanye ne-existentialism ngokwayo. Ngokwayo, ifilosofi yombhali ayikhuthazi ukuthula noma ukungenzi lutho, ngokuphambene nalokho. NgokukaCamus, uSisyphus uthola inkululeko lapho eqeda ukubeka idwala, leso sikhathi esifushane siyamsindisa esiphethweni sakhe sokuzibulala.
Sobre el autor
U-Albert Camus wazalwa ngo-November 7, 1913, eMondovi, manje eyiDréan, eFrench Algeria. Umbhali waqala futhi waphothula izifundo zakhe zesikole samabanga aphansi nesesekondari ngenxa yomfundaze owatholwa izingane zezisulu zempi. Ngaleso sikhathi, Othisha bakhe babengabagqugquzeli abakhulu bokufunda kwakhe ifilosofi, ikakhulukazi leyo kaNietzsche.. Kamuva, waphothula izifundo ze-Philosophy and Letters.
Ithesis yakhe yobudokotela ikhuluma ngobudlelwano phakathi komcabango wasendulo wamaGreki kanye nobuKristu obusekelwe emibhalweni kaPlotinus noSaint Augustine. UCamus waqala ukubhala esemncane kakhulu. Kamuva, wasebenza njengentatheli I-Algeria Republican, lapho ashicilela khona izihloko ezihlukahlukene ezazihlaziya isimo samaSulumane esifundeni saseKabylia. Umbhali ubumele ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle kanye nezigaba zabasebenzi.
Ezinye izincwadi zika-Albert Camus
Novelas
- UL'Étranger - The Stranger (1942);
- Isifo - Isifo (1947);
- La chute - Ukuwa (1956);
- La mort heureuse - Ukufa Happy (1971);
- Le premier homme - Indoda yokuqala (1995).
Indawo yaseshashalazini
- Caligula - Caligula (1944);
- Le malentendu — The misunderstanding (1944);
- I-Impromptu des philosophes - I-impromptu yezazi zefilosofi (1947);
- L'état de siège — Isimo sokuvinjezelwa (1948);
- Les justes - Abalungile (1950).
I-eseyi kanye nenganekwane
- I-Métaphysique chrétienne et Néoplatonism — I-metaphysics yobuKristu kanye ne-Neoplatonism (1935);
- I-Révolte dans les Asturies — Ukuvukela e-Asturias (1936);
- L'envers et l'endroit — I-reverse nelungile (1937);
- Noces - Imishado (1938);
- Les Quatre Commandements du journaliste free — Imiyalo emine yentatheli yamahhala (1939);
- Le mythe de Sisyphe - Inganekwane kaSisyphus (1942);
- Lettres à un ami alemand — Izincwadi eziya kumngane waseJalimane (1943-1944);
- Akuzona izisulu, noma i-bourreaux - Akuyona izisulu noma ababulali (1946);
- Ingabe i-Espagne? -Kungani eSpain? (1948);
- Le témoin de la liberté —Ubufakazi benkululeko (1948);
- L'Hommerévolté - Indoda eyisihlubuki (1951);
- Ugwadule Oluphilayo (1953);
- Actuelles I, Chroniques - Actuales I, IziKronike (1944-1948);
- Actuelles II, IziKronike - Actuales II, IziKronike (1948-1953);
- Actuelles III, Chroniques algériennes — Actuales III, Chronicles of Algeria (1939-1958).