Ibhalwa kanjani inkhulumomphendvulwano ngendlela efanele

Ibhalwa kanjani inkhulumomphendvulwano ngendlela efanele ingenye yezithiyo ezivame kakhulu ababhali abasha abaningi ababhekana nazo, ngisho nabanye ababhali abanolwazi. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ukuze ukwazi kahle lesi sisetshenziswa kudinga ulwazi olugcwele lomugqa «-», isibonakaliso se-orthographic esinezimfanelo eziningi okuthi, uma zingafundwanga kahle, zivame ukudida.

Eqinisweni, abahleli bavame ukukala amakhono okubhala omlobi ngendlela abaphatha kahle ngayo umugqa (phakathi kwezinye izici zesitayela). Mhlawumbe, uphawu olunemithetho eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngeSpanishi, ngoba, ngaphandle kwezingxoxo, lungasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo.. Ngalesi sizathu, izigaba ezilandelayo zichaza indlela yokusebenzisa umugqa ngendlela efanele ukuze ukwazi ukuphatha kahle izingxoxo.

Imithetho yokusetshenziswa komugqa ekubhalweni kwezingxoxo ngeSpanishi

Lapho umlingiswa engenela endabeni, okufanayo wandulelwa udwi “—”. Ukwengeza, ilungu ngalinye lendaba livezwa ngomugqa ohlukile, ngakho-ke, isitobhi esigcwele kufanele sivale isitatimende. Ngokufanayo, izigaba ze- umxoxi wezindaba zandulelwa uphawu olushiwo ngenhla futhi, kuzo zombili izimo, ngaso sonke isikhathi luxhunyaniswa ngokuqondile negama. Ngokwesibonelo:

“Indaba yakho iyathakazelisa kakhulu mnumzane,” ngatshela ikhehla elangimisa ukuba lingitshele konke lokho ekhaya lasebekhulile laseJuan Griego ngeSonto eledlule, ngesikhathi ngivakashele ugogo nomkhulu.

- Njengoba uyala, mijo. Impilo inezimfihlakalo ezixakile,” ephendula, ngamehlo akhe aluhlaza ajulile.

(Ingcaphuno ethi "The Curse of Pedro", encwadini Izinganekwane ezivela ku-scream, kusukela John Ortiz)

Imithetho Yezimpawu Zokubhala Zengxoxo

Esinye sezici eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zokubhala ngeSpanishi ukubekwa kwamaphuzu, okhefana, kanye nezimpawu zemibuzo nezibabazo engxoxweni. Okokuqala, umbhali kufanele acabangele imibono emibili mayelana nesigaba somxoxi, echazwe kulezi zigaba ezilandelayo:

Lapho isigaba somxoxi sihlobene nendlela umlingiswa aziveza ngayo

Lolu hlobo lwesigatshana lubizwa ngokuthi isenzo ukwehlukana, iqala ngohlamvu oluncane futhi uphawu lwezimpawu ezihambisanayo lubekwe ekugcineni kwalo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma kwenzeka uma kukhona izimpawu zokubuza noma izibabazo enkulumweni yomlingiswa, umthetho awushintshi. Okusho ukuthi, isigatshana siqala ngohlamvu oluncane. Ngokwesibonelo:

"Phephisa ngingahlala phansi?" kubuza indoda ephethe ingilazi, iphephandaba kanye nekhofi esandleni.

“Impela, ikhona indawo,” ephendula emamatheka.

"Uwajabulela kakhulu, angithi Carlos?" wakhuza lomfokazi.

-Ukhuluma ngani? Ulazi kanjani igama lami? Kuphendula uCarlos edangele.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma inkhulumomphendvulwano iqhubeka ngemva kokucaphuna komlandi, isigaba siphetha ngomugqa oxhunywe egameni lokugcina.. Bese, uphawu lokubhala oluhambisanayo (inkathi noma ukhefana) lubekwe ngemva komugqa wokuvala wendima. Ukwenza isibonelo, ucezu lwe-"Limbo" ye U-Ralatos kusukela ekuklabalaseni (2020) ka-J. Ortiz (okuwukuqhutshekwa kwengxoxo eboniswe esigabeni sangaphambilini):

“Kwabesifazane babanye abantu, kusobala,” kuphendula indoda engaqondakali, ikhipha ivolovolo ngaphansi kwephephandaba. Bayalela ukuthi kucishwe lokho kumamatheka...kodwa namuhla usindisiwe baningi abantu. Zinakekele,” esho ngaphambi kokuba ahambe.

Izibonelo ezinokhefana ne-ellipsis

"Hlala lapho" ,esho edabukisa ,"kudala ngikulindile."

"Hlala lapho," esho edabukisa, "kade ngikulindile."

—Bengifuna ukukwazisa ku-Alex—umngane engikhulume ngaye ekuqaleni kwendaba—… ngokuqinisekile ngeke abe lapha namuhla.

“Bengifuna ukukwazisa ku-Alex—umngane engikhulume ngaye ekuqaleni kwendaba—okungenzeka ukuthi ngeke abe khona namuhla.

Lapho isigaba somxoxi sibhekise ezenzweni zomlingiswa

Lolu hlobo lwesigatshana lubizwa ngokuthi isenzo Angizange ngiphikisane y kwenzeka lapho umxoxi echaza izindaba ezingahlangene nendlela umlingiswa akhuluma ngayo. Ngokunjalo, wukungenelela komxoxi lapho singekho isenzo esifana nelithi “yisho”.

Ngakho, isigaba kufanele siqale ngofeleba (ngaphandle uma iphazamisa umugqa wengxoxo) futhi yengeza isikhathi ekupheleni kwengxoxo uma inkulumo yomlingisi ingaqhubeki emugqeni ofanayo. Uma kungenjalo, izimpawu zokuloba zibekwe ngemva komugqa ngemva kwechashazi futhi ukuqaliswa kabusha kwengxoxo kuqala ngosonhlamvukazi. Ngokwesibonelo:

—Sivula umbukiso. Siyakwamukela.” Umkhulumeli womcimbi ubuka izethameli ngendlela ebonisa injabulo esobala.

—Sivula umbukiso. Siyakwamukela.” Umkhulumeli womcimbi ujabule kakhulu. Jabulela lobu busuku obuhle kakhulu.

—Sivula umbukiso. Siyakwamukela futhi - umkhulumeli womcimbi ujabule kakhulu - jabulela lobu busuku obuhle.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa komugqa

• Ukubeka izincazelo noma izichibiyelo ngaphakathi kombono. Uma isigatshana sifakwe ngodwi, sinamandla amakhulu nokuhlukaniswa uma kuqhathaniswa nezitatimende ezifakwe kumakhoma. Nokho, ababhali ngokuvamile babheka ukuhlukaniswa okunikezwa inkulumo ekubakaki njengokukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo:
  • “UJosé wayelulama kancane ekufakelweni kwakhe inhliziyo. Lezo kwakuyizinsuku ezinzima emndenini wakhe. Nakuba isitho safika ngesikhathi esifanele - eqinisweni, ukube akasitholanga, ngabe wafa ezinsukwini-, ukumbona elele embhedeni isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, equlekile, ngenxa yokungafaki ngokugcwele ukufakelwa, kwakubuhlungu kakhulu. kwabathandekayo bakhe.”
• Ukukhombisa incazelo entsha noma incazelo ngaphakathi kombhalo ebifakwe kubakaki ngaphambilini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zimpawu zokubhala zinganikezwa ngokuhlehla (isigaba esisha esihlukaniswa ngabakaki abaqukethwe phakathi kwesinye esivele sinqunyelwe amadeshi).
• Amazwana ombhali obhaliwe ngaphakathi kwekhwothi nawo angase adwetshelwe. Isibonelo:
  • Mayelana nokudumazeka engakuzwa KAFKA Lapho esebenza efektri, umlobi waseCzech watshela umngane wakhe uMax Brod encwadini: "... Ngikwazi ukubhala imizuzu kuphela, lapho umqondo omuhle womphathi wami - ovela esikhungweni somshuwalense wengozi yomsebenzi - ubeka usawoti kanye ukubonakala komsebenzi owenziwe kahle ”…
• Udeshi osekuqaleni komugqa usetshenziswa ezinkombeni ze-bibliographic kanye nohlu lwama-alfabhethi. (phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zama-repertoires) ukuveza ukuthi into noma umugqa oshiwo ushiywe ukuze ungawuphindi, njengoba usushiwo ngenhla. Kulokhu, ngemva kokubeka uphawu “—”, kuyimpoqo ukushiya isikhala esingenalutho.