Udokotela wasemakhaya.
Udokotela wasemakhaya yindaba emfushane yombhali waseCzech uFranz Kafka. Kuvele ngokushicilelwa okokuqala njengengxenye ye- I-Ein Landarzt: UKleine Erzaehlungen, phakathi no-1919. Ngokwe-eseyi ebhalwe ezincwadini zeBiography Resource Center (i-GALE Group, 2005), lo msebenzi ukhombisa okwenzeka kulo mbhali. Ngo-Agasti 1917 kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi isifo sofuba, isifo esizoholela ekufeni kwakhe ngo-1924.
Udokotela wasemakhaya Iqukethe zonke izici ezihlukile zalokho okuthiwa "izinganekwane zeKafkaesque". Kuzo, umlingiswa ophambili uvame ukuzifaka ezimeni ezishubile ngaphandle kwencazelo ebonakalayo futhi akukho ukuphunyuka. Izimpikiswano zikaKafka zivame ukukhombisa ukwahlukana okudidayo komphakathi wanamuhla kanye nokubonakaliswa okuphakade ngobuNkulunkulu nokungabi nabulungisa kwabantu. Ngaphandle kwesisindo somsebenzi wakhe, umbhali usohlwini lwababhali ababonwa ngemuva kokufa. Cabanga okuhle ngomsebenzi wakhe, uBorges amncoma njengombhali ofundwayo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Bibliographical kaFranz Kafka
UFrantišek Kafka wazalwa ngoJulayi 3, 1883 ePrague, eBohemia (manje eyiCzech Republic). Ubulawe yisifo sofuba ku-larynx ngoJuni 3, 1924, e-Kierling, eKlosterneuburg, e-Austria. Wangcwatshwa emathuneni amaJuda ePrague - eStraschnitz. Ubaba wakhe kwakunguHermann Kafka, umthengisi nomkhiqizi; umama wakhe, uJulie (Loewy) Kafka. Izihlobo zakhe, zombili ezomama nezomama, zazingongqondongqondo futhi zisebenza kahle.
UFranz Kafka, ingqondo yezazi ezihlukumezekile
Wayenendodana noGrete Bloch, kepha akakaze ashade nabesifazane ababekhuluma nabo. Ngokusho kukaMiguel Ángel Flores wase-Azcapotzalco Metropolitan Autonomous University (eMexico), “Abesifazane babekwazi ukufinyelela kubo, kodwa wasungula izithiyo kunoma yibuphi ubuhlobo. Ubaba wengcindezelo, owayemdelela, umthengisi ophumelelayo, nesimo sakhe sengqondo sagcizelela umuzwa wakhe wokwehluleka nokufakwa endaweni engafanele ”.
Umlingani wakhe wokugcina aziwa nguDora Diamond, owamsondeza ebuJudeni ngasekupheleni kwempilo yakhe.. UFranz Kafka wayeyindoda egulayo, ehlukunyezwayo, ekhathazekile okwakungavunyelwananga ngokuxilongwa kwayo ngemitholampilo. Kodwa-ke, manje sekukholelwa ukuthi wahlushwa isifo sobuntu se-schizoid.
Imfundo nomsebenzi kaKafka
Ngo-1906, wathola iziqu zobudokotela eFerdinand-Karls University ePrague. Usebenze njengombhali wezindaba zomthetho kuRichard Loewy ePrague ngonyaka we-1906. Phakathi kuka-1908 no-1922 wayeyilungu le-Institute of Occupational Accident Insurance of the Kingdom of Bohemia, ePrague, njengongoti ekuvikeleni izingozi. Futhi, wasebenzela umkhiqizi u-Asbestos Works Hermann & Co, eZizkov, eBohemia.
Udokotela Wezwe kanye noFranz Kafka's Fiction Shorts
I-Ein Landarzt: UKleine Erzaehlungen (Udokotela wasemakhaya: izindaba ezimfishane), yanyatheliswa ngo-1919 e-Austria, ngaphakathi kweqoqo lezindaba ezimfushane eziyishumi nane. Ukufundwa kwayo kuyashesha futhi kushelela, kungaqedwa ngemizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu (noma ngaphansi). Ngemuva kokushona kukaKafka, kuye kwavela izincwadi ezingaphezu kweshumi zochungechunge lwenganekwane. Eminye imibhalo yakhe yokuhlanganiswa yezindaba ezimfishane eziqanjiwe ezishicilelwe empilweni yilezi:
- UDer Heizer: Ucezu lwe-Ein (Iqoqo: isiqeshana - 1913).
- I-Betrachtung (Ukuzindla - 1913).
- I-Die Verwandlung (ihunyushwe njenge Ukuguqulwa komzimba esiNgisini ngu-AL Lloyd - 1915).
- UDas Urteil: U-Eine Geschichte (Icala: indaba - 1916).
U-Ein Hungerkunstler: UVier Geschichten (1924). Kufaka izindaba ezihunyushwe ngemuva, njenge Umculi olambile, Owesifazane omncane, Ukuhlushwa kokuqala y UJosefina umculi; noma, i-Folk of the Mouse. Yanyatheliswa ngemuva nje kokushona kwakhe, kodwa uKafka waba nesikhathi sokubukeza cishe yonke imibhalo.
Ngokunjalo, uKafka wakhiqiza inqwaba yamanoveli, amadayari, nefa lakhe eliholele emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yokuqoqa. Lokhu kwenzeke ngoba umbhali waseCzech akazange ashicilele imisebenzi yakhe eminingi esaphila. Ngokunjalo, abangane bakhe nomndeni wakhe bazishaya indiva izifiso zakhe futhi abazishisanga izincwadi zakhe zokubhala noma amanothi ngemuva kokufa kwakhe. Namuhla, kusacingwa imibhalo yesandla eminingi kaKafka elahlekelwe ubuNazi.
Ukuhlaziywa kukadokotela wasemakhaya
Franz Kafka.
UJorge Alberto Álvarez-Díaz waseComplutense University of Madrid, uyachaza Udokotela wasemakhaya njengokufunda okulindelekile kokuziphatha. Ekushicilelweni kweMexico Medical Gazette (2008), u-valvarez-Díaz uchaza ukuthi, yize ubufushane bendaba, incazelo yakhe "yayi, futhi isazoqhubeka nokuba mnandi njengoba inselele".
Isibopho ngokombono wama-axioms eKafkaesque
En Udokotela emaphandleni, uKafka udiliza umqondo wokuzibophezela futhi awusondele ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Vele, kuleli qophelo ama-axioms amane adumile e-Kafkaesque achazwe kulo magazini Ababhali Nabaculi Babantu Abadala (Umq. 31, 2000). Ezimbili zokuqala, imfundiso yenkolo iphikiswa nokuziphatha komuntu. Lapho, noma ngabe kubonakala kanjani, umthetho waphezulu awusoze wangabi nabulungisa njengokuziphatha kwabantu.
Amanye ama-axioms amabili ayaphelelisana: kunendlela eyiyo yokuphila impilo. Ukutholakala kwayo kuncike emandleni omuntu ngamunye wokuthola amandla cishe angaziwa ngabantu njalo. KuFranz Kafka, isimo sokugcina esibi kakhulu kumuntu kwaba ukulahlekelwa isithunzi sakhe. Lo mbono ubonakala ngokusobala engxenyeni elandelayo ye-A Rural Doctor:
“—Dokotela, ake ngife. Ngiqalaza: akekho ozwile. Abazali bathule, bancike phambili, balindele umbono wami. Udade ungilethele isihlalo ukuze ngibeke isikhwama sokuthwala. Ngiyayivula ngibuke izinsimbi zami. Le nsizwa iyaqhubeka nokwelula izandla zayo kimi, ukungikhumbuza ngesicelo sayo. Ngithatha udwivwana, ngiwahlola ngokukhanyisa amakhandlela, bese ngiwafaka emuva.
Yebo, ngicabanga ukuhlambalaza, ezimweni ezinjengalezi onkulunkulu bayasiza, basithumela ihhashi esilidingayo futhi, njengoba sixhamazela, basinika elinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basithumela umfana ozinzile… ”.
Ingxenye ethintekayo
Umngani wakhe uMax Brode - obegcina amaphepha akhe amaningi - waveza, “UKafka udonse abesifazane impilo yakhe yonke. Akazange akukholwe, kodwa ngokungangabazeki kuliqiniso. " En Udokotela wasemakhaya, i-protagonist ingena esimweni sokufa - okufana nezindaba zaseKafkaesque- kanye "nokuzidela" uRosa, umsizi wakhe othembekile. Maphakathi nendaba, inhlonipho ejulile umlobi ayiveza ngabesifazane isobala.
Umngane ompofu ushiye umusa womhlukumezi ofanayo owenza ukuthi kudluliselwe udokotela ekhaya lesiguli. Njengoba isimo esibuhlungu siqhubeka, ukunakekelwa udokotela akuzwa kumuntu osebenzisana naye kuyabonakala. Ukukhathazeka kuyanda ngoba umlingiswa ophambili uyaqonda ukuthi izinto ezimbi uRosa angabhekana nazo zabangelwa nguye. Konke okukhiphayo kungamanga, njengoba kungafundwa endimeni elandelayo:
“Kuphela manje ngisamkhumbula uRosa: Yini engingayenza? Ngingasindisa kanjani? Ngimhluthula kanjani ngaphansi kwalowo muntu? Ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayishumi, kunamahhashi angalawuleki aboshelwe enqoleni yami, angazi ukuthi aqaqa kanjani izintambo, angazi ukuthi avula kanjani amawindi ngaphandle, amakhanda abo adlula kuwo abuke lo muntu ogulayo, angadikibali ngokukhala kwezihlobo. Ngizobuya khona manje, ”ngicabanga, sengathi amahhashi angicela ukuthi ngibuye, kodwa ngivumela lo dade, ocabanga ukuthi ngixinwe yilokushisa, asuse ijazi lami loboya. Banginikeza ingilazi ye-rum. Indoda endala ingishaya ihlombe. Ukunginikeza umcebo wakho kuvumela lokhu kwazi. Nginikina ikhanda: kungangenza ngigule ukuzwa ngaphakathi kwesiyingi somqondo omncane womuntu omdala. Ngenxa yalokho kukodwa ngiyenqaba ukuphuza ”.
Udokotela wasemakhaya noFranz Kafka, isiguli
Isilinganiso sikaFranz Kafka.
Amandla esakhiwo nezingxoxo ze- Udokotela wasemakhaya mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka kwabo. Yize isimo esineziyaluyalu nesiphikisanayo singabonakala singaqanjiwe ngokuphelele, le ndaba iphefumulelwe okwenzeka kuKafka uqobo namalungu omndeni wakhe. Lokhu bekubonakala kweyakhe Izidayari eyabhalwa ngo-1912, kanye nasekuhlanganisweni okuhlelwe ngu-Heller, Pocket Books, I-Basic Kafka (1983).