"Prosas profanas" okusha kukaRubén Darío

Enye yezimfanelo ezinhle ze URubén Darío Kwaba wukuvuselelwa kwemethrikhi nokukhuluma lapho enza khona izinkondlo ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe emisha kulo mkhakha, ezwakala ngaphezu kwakho konke komunye wemisebenzi yakhe, okungeyona enye ngaphandle kwe- "Profane Prose". Le ncwadi, eyahlelwa futhi yashicilelwa okokuqala eBuenos Aires ngo-1896, imele ukunqoba kwesimanjemanje ku-aesthetics yaseRubendarian kanye nesikhathi sayo sobuningi.

Ubungcweti buza kithi buvela esihlokweni uqobo ngoba ngegama elithi iprozi libhekisa kuzinuni ezithile eziculwa kwamanye amaMisa ngemuva kokufundwa kweVangeli futhi ngegama elihlambalazayo liphika ngamabomu igama lokuqala, ngaleyo ndlela livume ukukhanga okuthile futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukwenqatshwa okuthile kubheke inkolo ikhatholika lendabuko.

Okuqukethwe yincwadi kuyaqhubeka ukusikhombisa ukungafani okuqinile ngoba uma ngakolunye uhlangothi enendlela ephakeme yokubalekela iqiniso elingathandeki, ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhombisa ukujula ukukhathazeka komphakathi, ngesitayela esimsulwa semisebenzi yakhe yakuqala. Kuwo wonke amakhasi akha i- "Prosas profanas" uDarío ubuza konke okumzungezile, njengokuphila nokufa, inkolo uqobo, izinkondlo, ubuciko ...

Ngaphezu kobukhona baseSpain kuzindikimba ezithile ezifana ne- "Elogio a la Seguidilla" yakhe noma izinkomba zakhe zeCid, injabulo evusa inkanuko ingenye yezindikimba ezinhle zomsebenzi lapho abesifazane behlonza ngezinto ezahlukahlukene zemvelo: ubumsulwa bejuba, ubudlova behlosi, ubungozi bolwandle ...

Ngaphandle kokungabaza sibhekene nenye yezinguquko ezinkondlweni zaseSpain, ezashintsha ngokuphelele ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwalobu buciko.

Kusho ukuthini uProfane Prosas?

Iprose proane ye URubén Darío empeleni iqoqo lezinkondlo imbongi uqobo elizibhalile futhi ezihlobene nezwe eliyimfihlakalo nelimnandi. Kuyo, unga thola amakhosazana, amakhosi, ama-knights, ama-fairies, nabanye abalingiswa abaningi bezinganekwane.

Incwadi yokuqala ethi Prosas profanas yashicilelwa eBuenos Aires ngo-1896, kodwa hhayi ngesihloko esaziwa ngaso manje, kodwa "njengamagama asezingeni eliphansi." Ngaphezu kwalokho, yayiqukethe izinkondlo ezingama-33 kuphela ezazisatshalaliswa ngezingxenye eziyisikhombisa (ngayinye yazo inezinkondlo eziningana ezinikeza ukujula okukhulu engxenyeni yesibili).

Kodwa-ke, umbhali akazange aneliseke ngokuphelele, futhi eParis, ngo-1901, uRubén Darío wenza uhlelo lwesibili lwencwadi yakhe, wanezela ezinye izinkondlo ezi-3 futhi washintsha negama lakhe. Uyawazi umlando walezi zinkondlo, njengalowo ka "Blasón", owabhala ngempela eMadrid ngenkathi kugujwa ikhulu leminyaka laseColumbus; noma i- "Colloquium of the centaurs", lapho ayiqeda khona etafuleni eLa Nación lapho intatheli, uRoberto Payró, ebhala khona udaba.

Khumbula ukuthi kuRubén Darío le ncwadi ingenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu azibhalayo, Ikakhulukazi ngoba ngaleso sikhathi wayephezulu emkhakheni wakhe wokuba yimbongi futhi konke okwakuphuma emqondweni wakhe kwakuphumelela kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubhekwa ukuthi yabhalwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kombhali. Ngokwakhe uyichaza ngokuthi "Intwasahlobo Yakhe Egcwele."

Kokubili ama-Prosas profanas no-Azul, izincwadi ezimbili ezidume kakhulu zombhali, kuholela emgqeni wesimanjemanje sombongi, futhi ungabona ukuthi kukhona kanjani ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okukhulu ngokuphathelene nokuphelela kanye nokuvuthwa, yingakho kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Manje, kusho ukuthini uProfane Prosas? Yebo, ngokusho kombhali, zonke izinkondlo, futhi eziningana phakathi kwazo, zazinjalo iculo, izwi elibheke kumatimu abhekane nawo emsebenzini wakhe. Noma ngabe kwakuwuthando, ubuhlakani, abesifazane ... Lona kanye igama elithi "Prosas" lalivele lisetshenziswa eNkathini Ephakathi futhi babehlala bebhekise enkondlweni yesiLatini eyayiyisipho kwabaNgcwele. Ngalesi sizathu, wasebenzisa lelo gama enezela igama "elingcolile" ukubhekisa kuzinkinga zomhlaba, okusho ukuthi, impilo yansuku zonke yabantu abajwayelekile.

Silulumagama uRubén Darío asisebenzisayo

URubén Darío ungomunye wezimbongi ezibaluleke kakhulu zesikhathi sakhe. Futhi indlela aziveze ngayo ibidonsela ukunakekelwa eqinisweni lokuthi wayekhuleke kakhulu ngamazwi. Eqinisweni, noma kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka bangakuqondi, i- umthwalo wokuzwa ukuthi amazwi akhe abephethe ukuthi izinkondlo zakhe zibeka umfundi noma umlaleli kuleyo ndawo ayifunayo, ukuvusa imizwa, imizwa, njll. Ukwenza lokhu, ubuye wahlenga amagama angasasetshenziswanga, nanamuhla angasasetshenziswa, yize aziwa. Sikhuluma, isibonelo, nge "algazara", njengamazwi ajabulisayo; noma "ukushova", ukukuqonda njengokucindezela kokuthize noma kothile.

Iziphi izihloko abhekene nazo amaProsas Profanas?

Umsebenzi wonke kaRubén Darío empeleni uyincwadi egxile kuzindikimba eziningi ezivamile epeni lakhe, njenge abesifazane, uthando, inkanuko, ubuciko, ukukhathazeka, izinganekwane ...

Lapho ethinta udaba lwabesifazane, wonke amavesi nemicabango kaRubén Darío kugxila ekukhonzeni lowo muntu, ekuzizweni esondelene naye nasekuzibonakaliseni ukuthi unothando oluthambile, oluthambile nolumnandi. Kodwa-ke, engxenyeni ye-eroticism, imbongi iyashintsha, iba yindabuko kakhulu futhi igxile emuzwa wenyama, isidingo, isifiso senyama.

Vele, akuzona zonke izinkondlo ezigxila kulezo zingqikithi, Kukhona nokukhathazeka ngomuntu, ngokufa, ukuthi kwenzekani lapho kusondela, ngisho nangezimfihlakalo zemvelo.

Mayelana nezinganekwane emsebenzini wakhe, usebenzisa laba balingisi bezinganekwane sengathi ziveza lokho umlobi azizwayo, kungaba "uthando" noma nje umbono osankondlo womhlaba njengoba ewubona. Akukona ngempela ukuthi lencwadi isuselwe ezinganekwaneni, noma ukuthi ixoxa izinganekwane nje ngendlela yezinkondlo. Eqinisweni, okwenziwa ngumbhali ukusebenzisa lezo zinganekwane, ezithweswe imizwa futhi ezimelela abanye, ezinkondlweni zakhe, ngaleyo ndlela kufezeke inkanuko, ukucophelela nangaphezulu futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuhumusha kwemisebenzi yakhe.

Okokugcina, maqondana nendikimba yomhlaba, ukuthi abantu bahlobana kanjani, ukuthi baphila kanjani, umbhali uyihlobanisa nayo, yena, nezinkondlo zakhe, ngoba bekuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Eqinisweni, kukhona ushintsho olukhulu kuRubén Darío kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Uyayeka ukuba yimbongi engenandaba nokuthi izinkondlo zakhe zinamaphutha noma azihunyushwa kahle; ukufuna okuningi kuwe kanye nokufuna kuleyo misebenzi ukuhlala kuze kube phakade.

Ziyini zonke izinkondlo eziyibumbayo?

Njengoba sekushiwo ngaphambili, uhlelo lokuqala lwamaProsas profanas nolwesibili lwehluke ngokuyisisekelo ekufakweni, ekugcineni, kwezinkondlo ezintsha ezi-3. Ngakho-ke, labo abakha le ncwadi bayalandela:

• Amagama Liminal
• Iprose prose (njengesigaba, equkethe izinkondlo ezilandelayo):
• Kwakungumoya othambile ...
• Ukuphambuka
• I-Sonatine
• IBlazon
• Ezinsimini
• Ncoma amehlo amnyama kaJulia
• Ingoma yeCarnival
• Okwe-cuban
• Ngokufana
• isixha
• Inyoni ye-pheasant
• UGarçonnière
• Izwe lelanga
• UMargarita
• Okwami
• Kusho uMia
• Abamemezeli
• Ithi, misa est
• I-Colloquium yama-centaurs (njengengxenye ngokwayo). Iqukethe inkondlo ethi Colloquium yama-centaurs amavesi angama-212.
• Iyahluka (njengesigaba). Ngalezi zinkondlo ezilandelayo:
• Imbongi icela uStella
• I-Portico
• Ekudumiseni ukugijima
• ICisne
• Ikhasi elimhlophe
• Unyaka omusha
• I-Symphony eGrey Major (inkondlo endala kunazo zonke eziqoqiwe).
• I-Dea
• I-Epitalamium Yezizwe
• I-Verlaine (njengengxenye). Ngezinkondlo:
• Phendula
• Ingoma yegazi
• Ukuvuselelwa kwemivubukulo (njengengxenye). Ngezinkondlo:
• I. Frieze
• II. Palimpsest
• Umbuso wangaphakathi (njengesigaba nenkondlo).
• Izinto ze-Cid (njengesigaba nenkondlo).
• Ama-Dezires, ama-layes nezingoma (njengengxenye). Ngezinkondlo:
• I-Dezir
• Enye i-dezir
• Lay
• Ingoma, Lolo thando alukuvumeli ukuboniswa kwentambo
• Dumisani
• I-couplet ehlakazekile
• Ama-amphoras we-Epicurus (njengengxenye). Ngezinkondlo:
• Isipoki
• Umthombo
• Amagama okubhuqa
• Isalukazi
• Thanda isigqi sakho ...
• Kuzimbongi ezihlekayo
• Iqabunga legolide
• Marina
• ISyrinx / iDafne
• IGypsy encane
• KuMaster Gonzalo de Berceo
• Umphefumulo wami
• Ngijaha indlela ...