UFeliks Lope de Vega.
UK Knight wase-Olmedo ngumdlalo ophawula ngaphambi nangemva komdlalo weshashalazi waseCastilian. Ibhalwe nguLope de Vega phakathi kuka-1620 no-1625, kubhekwa njengesifo esibuhlungu esasungula. Noma okungenani isiqeshana sokuqala lapho zombili izinto zixutshwe "kahle" ngumbhali.
Ngokufanayo, umbhalo ubeka ngokusobala i-archetype yezinhlamvu ezivamile ngaphakathi kweziqephu zeSpanish Golden Age. Ngokwezinga elithile, lezi zici zabaphikisi nabaphikisi bokulandisa ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza-ngokuhlukahluka okuthile- kuze kube namuhla.
Umbhali
Ngaphandle kokuba yimbongi evelele, yenaUmsebenzi omangalisayo kaLope de Vega Carpio wamzuzela indawo yakhe emlandweni wezincwadi. Wazalelwa eMadrid ngoNovemba 25, 1562, idolobha elifanayo lapho ashonela khona eminyakeni engama-72 kamuva, ngo-Agasti 27, 1653. Kanye noTirso de Molina, wayenesibopho sokunikeza umfutho ocacile kumdlalo wamahlaya wokubanjwa, okuthandwa kakhulu ngesikhathi se-baroque yase-Iberia.
Akazange anakwe phakathi kwabantu besikhathi sakhe, kunalokho, wayehlala azi ukuthi angabonwa kanjani kumongo wesikhathi sakhe. Okwamanje, wakha ubungani obukhulu noFrancisco de Quevedo noJuan Luis de Alarcón. Yize wayenombango omkhulu naye Miguel de Cervantes, kwagcinwa inhlonipho phakathi kwabo. Kodwa-ke, wayephikisana noLuis de Góngora ngokungenakuphikiswa.
Impilo egcwele ama-tangle
Impilo yakhe ibukeka njengeskripthi esimangazayo: izindaba eziningi zothando, egwetshwe ukuhlala ekudingisweni isikhashana, umfelwa ... Ukuzidela kukaLope de Vega kufanele izinhlamvu zakhe eziningi. Ngemuva kwempilo egcwele amahla-ndla kanye nezinto eziningi "ezihlanyayo", ekugcineni wakhetha ukuzigcoba njengompristi.
Kodwa-ke, ukuzibophezela kwakhe kuNkulunkulu akuzange kumvimbe ekuqhubekeni nokuziphatha kwakhe "okungabazekayo". Isibonelo: ukuthandana noMarta de Nevares, owesifazane oneminyaka engu-25 owayeshade kusukela eneminyaka engu-13. Vele, "indaba esemthethweni" igcina "udumo" lokucatshangelwa njengesithandwa sokugcina sembongi.
UK Knight wase-Olmedo, Umsebenzi omncane?
UK Knight wase-Olmedo.
Ungathenga incwadi lapha: UK Knight wase-Olmedo
I-Lope de Vega akazange anikeze ukubaluleka okukhulu kulokhu kudalwa kwakhe. Akazange abone uhlobo lokuphrinta (uhlelo lokuqala lwalungeke luphume ngemuva kokushona kwakhe). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mbhalo wokuqala walahleka isikhashana, ngaphandle kombhali wemidlalo yokukhathazeka ngawo.
Abagxeki besikhathi sakhe nabo kabazange bambheke njengofanelwe ukuqashelwa. Empeleni, Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX kwakungumsebenzi owodwa nje ngaphakathi kukhathalogi enkulu yombhali waseMadrid. Kwaze kwaba sekufikeni kweminyaka yama-1900 lapho lo mbono washintsha khona. Umsebenzi ubangwa kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokukhuphukela esigabeni sezinto ezibalulekile ngaphakathi komlando wendawo yonke wezobuciko.
Incazelo ye-tragicomedy
Njengoba sekuvele kuphawuliwe emigqeni ephezulu, kuze kufike ukufika UK Knight wase-Olmedo umqondo wetreathomicomic theatre wawungekho. Amadrama, —ezimweni eziningi, ayeyizinhlekelele— noma amahlaya ayenziwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuhleka amashwa kwakuwumqondo ababengazilungiselele ababhali noma umphakathi.
Kunjalo, ILope de Vega ikwazile ukuhlanganisa zombili izinto ngempumelelo. Yize ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo, ngasinye sidlula ngokwehlukana, ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukuhlanganiswa. Ngaphandle kokuthi umphakathi ungabamba iqhaza ekuqaleni kwesiphetho esingesihle neze se-protagonist.
Umsebenzi ongalindeleka?
Mhlawumbe lesi yisona sizathu esenza ukuthi ukugxekwa kweBaroque - umbono owandile kuze kube sekupheleni kobuRoma - nombhali uqobo UK Knight wase-Olmedo njengesiqeshana esincane. Kusukela emigqeni yokuqala kuyacaca ukuthi ukuphela kwesiphetho somlingiswa oyinhloko kungukufa.
Ngokwengeziwe, ukubaluleka okunikezwe kokuphela okumangazayo ekulandiseni kweSpanish Golden Age akunakugwenywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sici sithathwa njengesibucayi kwezobuciko bokwenza. Futhi, ngaphandle kwemontage yalo msebenzi (ukujabulisa njalo), akekho noyedwa omangala kakhulu ngesinqumo sokugcina.
Ama-archetypes
I-Knight yase-Olmedo izungeza izinhlamvu ezintathu ezichazwe ngokuphelele:
- I-protagonist nguDon Alonso, ingwazi enhle, enesibindi futhi ehlonishwayo; isibonelo sazo zonke izimfanelo ezilindelwe kumnumzane.
- IDoña Inés, ifaka intshisekelo yothando. Intokazi efundile, eqotho futhi ehloniphayo igunya (emelwe nguyise, uDon Rodrigo).
- UDon Rodrigo, ungumphikisi wale ndaba, akathembekile futhi uyakhohlisa.
Izinhlamvu zesibili
Abathathu bama-protagonists bahambisana nezinye izinhlamvu, nazo eziphendula kuma-archetypes avaliwe. Phakathi kwazo: UTello, inceku kaDon Alonso, uyisidididi somlando. Ngakho-ke, izingxoxo zakho nezenzo zakho kunesibopho sokuthola ukuhleka kubabukeli.
Eceleni kwe-harlequin kumi uFabia, umpimpi osiza ezothando. Yize eminye imigqa yakhe ihlekisa, isimo sakhe njengomthakathi sigcina simguqula abe ngumlingiswa omnyama nobudimoni.
Ehlangothini lomphikisi, UMendo, inceku kaDon Rodrigo, iyinhlanganisela yemiphumela yokusebenza eceleni komuntu omubiuku. Ngokwezinga elingaka, ukuthi unesibopho ngqo sokubangela ukufa komlingiswa oyinhloko.
Ulimi
Ngaphandle kwama-archetypes achazwe ngenhla, enye yezinto ezintsha zika UK Knight wase-Olmedo ukungabikho komehluko phakathi kwabalingiswa. Ngamanye amagama, kulo msebenzi kaLope de Vega iphethini evelele ayilandelwanga ngalesi sikhathi somlando. Lapho "izicukuthwane nabantu abavamile" babemelwe ngendlela ehlukaniswe ngokusobala.
Umusho kaFélix Lope de Vega.
Okunqumayo ngempela yiqhaza elibanjwe omunye nomunye ngaphakathi ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo. Umehluko ongathinteki kuphela usezindleleni zokukhuluma. Njengoba umsebenzi ubhalwe wonke emavesini ezinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili nemvumelwano yongwaqa, izithandani eziholayo zihlala zisebenzisa izibalo zokukhuluma ezifana nezingathekiso nama-anaphora.
Amahlaya
UTello noFabia, abamele "amakilasi aphansi", bakhuluma ngokusobala nangokulula. Le ndlela yokuveza imizwa yabo iqhubekisela phambili indima yabo njengama- “buffoons” endabeni. Ngale ndlela, uLope de Vega ukhombise ukubaluleka okuncane akubambelela kulimi olucwengekile UK Knight wase-Olmedo.
Umsebenzi wokuziphatha?
Ngisho nangekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, Ubuciko base-Iberia babuphoqelekile ukufeza umsebenzi othile wokuziphatha kahle. Ngalesi sizathu, uLope de Vega, ngaphezu kwempilo yakhe egcwele ukugaxeka nokuphikisana, akakwazanga ukukubalekela lokhu kufunwa. UK Knight wase-Olmedo Ngaphandle kwalokho, yize kunama-nuances athile
Inhlekelele ithatha impilo ye-protagonist (ngaphandle kokuyifanele ngempela), abenza okubi bagcina sebethola isijeziso sabo. Ngokufanayo, labo abaphendukela emilingweni ukuze bazame ukufeza izinhloso zabo bakhokha inani eliphakeme ngokuzibamba.