I-Homo deus: umlando omfushane wakusasa (Debate, 2015) yincwadi yesazi-mlando sase-Israel u-Yuval Noah Harari. Ithi ukuqhubeka kwe Sapiens: kusuka ezilwaneni kuya konkulunkulu (2011). Yethulwa njengendatshana eguquguqukayo ngezenzakalo ezisilindile ngokusekelwe kulokho okwenzeka namuhla mayelana nezobuchwepheshe nesayensi.
Intuthuko abantu abayizuzile ngemva kwenkulungwane yeminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo isifinyelele uguquko. UHomo Deus iyaqhubeka futhi igxile kumuntu wakusasa kanye neqhaza abantu abazoba nalo emphakathini. Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni okujulile, uzokwethula umlayezo obonakala usabisa, kodwa obonisa kuphela izenzo zamadoda anamuhla esikhathini lapho umphakathi ubulokhu umile.
Homo deus
Kusukela ku-homo sapiens kuya ku-homo deus
Homo deus Yindatshana ebikezela ikusasa elakhiwa ngamadoda namuhla. Ikhuluma ngephuzu abantu abaye bafinyelela kulo, baguqulwa baba uhlobo oluthile USuperman, enomlingisi odala nolimazayo ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Isifiso semvelo se homo sapiens kumlethe ephuzwini lamanje lapho ekwazile ukuguqula indlela yomhlaba futhi izenzo zakhe zisheshisa ukubhidlizwa kwebhalansi yemvelo yemvelo.. I-Harari ihlaziya izenzo zomuntu ngombono ongajwayelekile oguqula ukucabanga kuyo yonke imikhakha eyahlukene, njengobuchwepheshe, ifilosofi noma umlando. Uma emsebenzini wakhe odlule, AmaSapiens, yathatha umkhondo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wezinhlobo zabantu kusukela emsuka we homo sapiens kuze kube manje, ku Homo deus Ingena kulokho osekwenzeka kakade kanye nekusasa elilindele uhlobo lwezilwane olubonakala ngombono wombhali, olungathembisi kakhulu.
Abantu bakwazile ukuguqula ububi besintu bendabuko babenza obuhlukene futhi obuyindida.. Umbhali uthi, ngaphandle kwesizathu, indlala ayiseyona incithakalo yezwe lanamuhla, kodwa kunalokho ukukhuluphala. Ngendlela efanayo ukuthi izimpi ngisho nobuphekula akusona isishayo esikhulu kunazo zonke, kodwa kunalokho ukuzibulala. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amadrama omlando wesintu ashintshiwe. Abantu bafa ngoba bedla kakhulu noma ngenxa yokuthi abakwazi ukumela ukuphila futhi banqume ukuzibulala. Iphinde ikhulume ngezifo eziwumshayabhuqe osekuphele izinkulungwane zeminyaka zibukela phansi isibalo sezakhamuzi eMhlabeni. Ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwesayensi, asisasesabi kakhulu lesi sifo, naphezu kobhubhane lwakamuva noma lezo okuthiwa ziyeza. Kodwa-ke, umbono kaHarari uvezwa esimweni senhlalakahle yaseNtshonalanga, lapho, ngemva kwakho konke, lapho umhlaba nomphakathi ulawulwa khona.
Abantu abathuthukisiwe
Elinye iphuzu okuxoxwe ngalo encwadini yokwelulwa kokuphila. Kulesi simo senhlalakahle kungenzeka ukuthi uphile isikhathi eside futhi wenze kangcono. Futhi ngenxa yentuthuko yesayensi. Nokho, ezibikezelweni zikaHarari, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlobo lokungafi luhlongozwayo oluzosho ukushiya ukufa ngemuva futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amathuba aphansi okuthi inani labantu elandayo lizozuza kakhulu enqubekelaphambili.
Ngamafuphi, Okukhulunywe ngakho kule ncwadi njengenkinga eyinhloko ukuntengantenga umuntu athonywe kukho futhi kungaphansi kokunye.. Okugqamayo mayelana nokuvezwa kukaHarari ukuthi umuntu ulingana nomdali nombhubhisi. Nokho, lokhu bekulokhu kwenzeka kusukela kwaqala umhlaba. Manje izinto zifinyelela esimeni lapho abanye beqaphela okwenzekayo, okuyilabo abanamandla nezinsiza, idlanzana. Umbuzo ovelayo Homo deus Yilokho okuzokwenzeka kwabanye.
UNkulunkulu omusha
Ezweni elinabantu abaningi, kuzozalwa isigaba esisha senhlalo, isigaba "esingadingekile" lapho abasebenzi bezothathelwa indawo yi-Artificial Intelligence nayo ekhona kakade. Ubuchwepheshe bungelinye lamaphuzu abalulekile endabeni, njengoba ngayo, i-AI, isayensi noma izinkundla zokuxhumana, ikusasa lesintu lingase liphokophele ekwehliseni ubuntu. Intuthuko isho intuthuko ngezinga elingakanani ngempela?.
Ngokufanayo, el homo sapiens Iguqula i- homo deus lapho uguquko lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe luthatha lokho okungumuntu wangempela futhi uyiguqule ibe uhlobo olusha. Engcono, enamandla, ephila isikhathi eside, lapho umzimba nobuchopho kuhlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe kanye nomshini.
Izinkolo ezintsha nazo zizovela kuyi-Internet kanye nombuso wolwazi. El homo sapiens izoshabalala ukuze kuvele uhlobo olusha oluzohlukanisa umlingiswa womuntu futhi lukhiphe isamba esihle sabantu. Homo deus Ngakho-ke, iyindatshana enesibindi enombono oyingqayizivele wekusasa elidwetshwa usuku nosuku namuhla.
Sobre el autor
U-Yuval Noah Harari ungumbhali-mlando wakwa-Israel owazalwa ngo-1976. Ufundisa eNyuvesi yaseJerusalema futhi ugxile eNkathini Ephakathi nomlando wezempi. Ukhathazeke kakhulu ngentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe nobuchwepheshe. Izindatshana zakhe ezishicilelwe zikhuluma ngezinselele umphakathi wanamuhla ozilethayo esikhathini samanje nekusasa lesintu.
Izincwadi zakhe zibe nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni jikelele., efinyelela izibalo ezimba eqolo. Ngaphandle kwalokho Baye baba nethonya elikhulu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi. Edume kakhulu Sapiens: kusuka ezilwaneni kuya konkulunkulu, ayishicilela ngo-2011. Ukulandelana kwayo ithi I-Homo deus: umlando omfushane wakusasa, kusukela ngo-2015. Kusukela ngo-2018 kunjalo Izifundo ezingama-21 zekhulu lama-XNUMX. Ngaphandle kokubhekana nabaholi bamazwe ngamazwe, usesungule inkundla ebizwa ngokuthi I-Sapienship. Ngalo, uthemba ukuthi umphakathi ungaphakamisa ngendlela yomhlaba wonke izinkinga zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo eziwumthwalo wawo wonke umuntu.