Isibonelo sobukhulu ebhokisini
Igama elithi "izichasiselo" lisho iziphakamiso, izincazelo noma amaphuzu umbhali awabhalayo ngombhalo othile. Lokhu kwenziwa ngomphumela wokwengeza ukunemba emsebenzini. Igama livela kwelesiLatini amazwibela, futhi lisho “isexwayiso noma ukucaciswa”. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuvame kakhulu emibhalweni yaseshashalazini noma elandisayo, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezinye izinhlobo zokuqukethwe nakho kuyasebenza.
izilinganiso zisetshenziselwa ukusiza umfundi aqonde ngokunembe kakhudlwana lokho okufanele kuchazwe. Kukhona idatha yokusetshenziswa kwalesi sisetshenziswa kusukela eGrisi lasendulo. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwasetshenziswa ababhali bemidlalo amazwibela ukunikeza abalingisi umongo mayelana nezenzo okwakumelwe bazenze ezigcawini ezihlukene—kokubili lapho bephindaphinda izingxoxo zabo kanye nasekuthuleni okudingekayo—.
Izingcaphuno zani?
Ungakusho lokho inhloso enkulu yezinkombandlela zasesiteji ukucacisa isenzo ngaphakathi kombhalo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezimpawu nemiyalelo eqondile. Umbhali uzisebenzisa ngenhloso yokufundisa noma ukusho izici ezehlukene zomsebenzi ngendlela eqondile. Izichasiselo zingatholakala ezimweni ezehlukene. Lezi zivame kakhulu:
- Izikhombisi-ndlela zesiteji emidlalweni;
- Izichasiselo ezincwadini noma kweminye imibhalo;
- Ubukhulu emdwebeni wobuchwepheshe.
Izikhombisi-ndlela zesiteji emidlalweni
Izikhombisi-ndlela zesiteji emidlalweni yilezo ezethula umqondisi noma umbhali wesikrini ukukhombisa abadlali izenzo ezihambisana nezingxoxo kanye/noma ukubonakala kwabo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlukile kulokho okunikezwa emibhalweni yemibhalo. Njengomthetho, afakwe kubakaki. Kwezinye izikhathi zingatholakala ezimpawu zokucaphuna. Ukusetshenziswa kwamabakaki ayisikwele nakho kuvamile.
Kungenzeka ukuthola izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinkomba zesiteji emidlalweni. Lezi zinhlobo zihlanganisa:
Lezo ezengezwe ngumbhali weshashalazi zomqondisi
Endabeni yalolu hlobo lokubopha, umbhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi noma umdidiyeli wesikrini ushiya iziyalezo ezithile kumqondisi. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukukhombisa imininingwane ethile mayelana nezehlakalo ezenzeka ezimeni ezithile. Ngokufanayo, lokhu kungabhekisela ezicini zomzimba zomuntu oyedwa noma bonke abalingiswa: umbala wezinwele, isakhiwo, ithoni yesikhumba, phakathi kwezinye izici.
Ngaphakathi kwalezi zilinganiso, imiphumela ekhethekile nayo iyabalwa., ukukhanya noma umculo ozosetshenziswa emsebenzini.
Izikhombisi-ndlela zesiteji zabalingisi
Njengoba igama layo lisho, zidluliselwa ngumbhali kulabo abazohlanganisa izindima zomsebenzi (abalingisi). Ngazo, sifuna ukuthola noma yisiphi isenzo—ukunyakaza, ukusho izingxoxo noma izinkulumo—engasiza umsebenzi ukuba uthuthuke ngokuphumelelayo noma ngokumangalisayo.
Isibonelo:
Umbani: Nkosi: igilavu yakho ( emnika iglove).
Valentine: Akuyona eyami. Ngizigqoke zombili."
(Amadoda amabili aseVerona, akhishwe ezincwadini ze William Shakespeare).
Umusho weShakespeare.
Ezengezwe ngumqondisi
Umqondisi womdlalo ukhululekile ukwengeza noma yiziphi izikhombisi-ndlela zasesiteji ulwazi olwengeziwe ocabanga ukuthi lufanelekile. Ngokwesibonelo:
UMariya: Kufanele uhambe, José, akunconywa ukuba ube lapha (ebuka izinyawo zakhe, ethuthumela).
Izichasiselo ezincwadini noma kweminye imibhalo
Ubukhulu ekulandiseni yilezo ezengezwe ngodwi (—). Ziba khona lapho umbhali efuna ukucacisa izenzo, imicabango noma ukungenelela komunye umlingiswa.. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukucwenga, ukucacisa, ukuxhumana noma ukucacisa iqiniso elikhona ngaphakathi kombhalo. Lezi zilinganiso zinezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe, okuhlanganisa:
Ukusetshenziswa kodwi (—)
Udeshi ungabuye ubizwe ngokuthi i-em dash, futhi unokusetshenziswa okuningana. Ngokusho kweRoyal Spanish Academy, umugqa kufanele wengezwe ekuqaleni nasekuvaleni kobukhulu embhalweni olandisayo. Futhi, kufanele kwengezwe ekungeneleleni kwabalingiswa.
- Isibonelo sobukhulu ngaphakathi kombhalo: "Kwakuwumuzwa ongavamile - njengoba ngangingakaze ngizizwe ngaphambili - kodwa, akufanele uzethembe, ngangisanda kuhlangana naye."
- Izibonelo zobukhulu ngokungenela komlingiswa:
"Kwenzenjani wena? Tshela mina ungaqambi amanga!" Kusho uHlengiwe.
"Ngikutshelile ukuthi ungadlali nami," kusho uLuisa ethukuthele, "manje naka imiphumela."
Hlukanisa kahle ihayifeni nomugqa
IRAE kuchaza ukuthi ihayifeni nodwi akufanele kudideke, njengoba ukusetshenziswa nobude bawo kuhlukile. Eqinisweni, udwi mude ngokuphindwe kane kunodeshi.
- Isikripthi: (-);
- Umthende: (-).
Ukubaluleka kwezimpawu zokubhala ngobukhulu
Esinye isici esiphathelene neziqondiso zasesiteji—okubalulekile ekulandiseni—ukusetshenziswa kwezikhathi. Kulokhu, lapho izincazelo zisetshenziswa ekungeneleleni komlingiswa, uphawu oluhambisanayo kufanele lubekwe ngemuva komugqa, ekugcineni kobukhulu.
- Isibonelo esilungile: UMariana wayefuna ukuhamba—wayethuthumela—kodwa wavinjwa amandla angavamile.
- Isibonelo esingalungile: “UMariana wayefuna ukuhamba—wayethuthumela—kodwa wavinjwa amandla angavamile.”
Izenzo ezihlotshaniswa nokuthi "yisho" esiteji sombhalo wendaba
Emibhalweni elandisayo, lapho ubukhulu ezingxoxweni buhlobene nesenzo esihlotshaniswa nokuthi "yisho", lelo gama kufanele libhalwe ngofeleba abancane.. Uma kwenzeka igama lingahlobene negama elithi "khuluma", kufanele libhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi.
- Isibonelo sobukhulu obuhlobene nesenzo sithi: "- Lokhu kuyamangaza! UFernando wabhonga, ediniwe.
- Isibonelo sokuhlanganisa ngaphandle kokuhlobana nesenzo sithi: "-Mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi sokufunda izifundo - Khona-ke, u-Irene wambheka futhi wahamba."
Ngesikhathi uFernando engenela, kuvezwa ukuthi yinkhulumomphendvulwano yensizwa enesenzo esithi "bhonga", esihambisana nesenzo esithi "yisho", ngakho-ke, ibhalwe ngofeleba abancane. Khonamanjalo, ekungeneleleni kuka-Irene, kuthiwa uyena okhulumayo, futhi kuboniswa isenzo “sokuhamba”. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu igama elilandelayo libhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi.
Ubukhulu emdwebeni wobuchwepheshe
Ubukhulu obungaphakathi komdwebo wobuchwepheshe bubhekisela kubukhulu. Zibuye zisetshenziswe ukwengeza umongo mayelana nezici ze-elementi, njengezinto zokwakha, izinkomba, amabanga, phakathi kokunye.
Ngokungafani nezikhombisi-ndlela zasesiteji etiyetha noma izincwadi, lezi zingavezwa ngendlela yamanothi., izimpawu, imigqa noma izibalo. Konke kuncike kumininingwane ofuna ukuyiqaphela.
Ubukhulu emdwebeni wobuchwepheshe baziwa ngokuthi "ubukhulu". Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zobukhulu ezingatholakala kulo mkhakha. Lezi zinhlobo yilezi:
izilinganiso zesimo
Ubukhulu besimo zisiza ukwenza kube lula kumuntu obukele ukuthi azi ukuthi izinto zikuphi ngaphakathi kwesibalo.
izilinganiso zobukhulu
Lolu hlobo lokubopha Kusiza obukeleyo ukuthi azi izilinganiso zento enazo.