Indaba eqanjiwe yesayensi ikhule kakhulu njengoba ikhulunyaka lamashumi amabili lithuthuka emashumini eminyaka. Kodwa kwavela ngaphambili kakhulu. Abanye basho njalo UFrankenstein noma i-Prometheus yanamuhla kaMary Shelley bekungeyokuqala yawo wonke la manoveli namuhla ahlaba umxhwele abasha nabadala. Kodwa lokhu kuthakaselwa kwezinganekwane zesayensi, njengoba sisho, kuvela emuva emuva.
Namuhla, izinganekwane nazo ezitholakala ezinganekwaneni zesayensi ziyaqhubeka nokudalwa, njengalezi ezituswayo Umlando Wencekukazi, eyaklanywa uMargaret Atwood. Nakuba ngokuqinile ubulili budinga isayensi, into engokoqobo nephikiswayo, exutshwa nezinye izindlela eziqanjiwe. Ngamanye amazwi, ulwazi lwesayensi luyanda ngenxa yezinganekwane. Nakuba ama-dystopia amaningi ejabulela ukuba yingxenye yalolu hlobo. Noma kunjalo, kuhlala kunzima ukukhuluma ngamanoveli ohlobo lapho kunokuningi futhi okuhle kakhulu. Ake sibone-ke ezinye izibonelo zamanoveli ezinganekwane zesayensi.
amanoveli ezinganekwane zesayensi
UMary Shelley wayengaba iphayona elikhulu lezinganekwane zesayensi; nomunye wesifazane, U-Ursula K. Le Guin uyena owayephethe ukunikeza isithunzi sombhalo kunganekwane yesayensi yesimanje. Bese kuba khona ababhali bezincwadi zakudala ezibalulekile, abafana no-Isaac Asimov, Ray Bradbury, Aldous Huxley, George Orwell, Stanislaw Lem, HG Wells noma Philip K. Dick, abathuthukise umsebenzi wabo ngesikhathi boom inganekwane yesayensi maphakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Kuzo zonke kunengxube eveza uhlobo. Kungani imisebenzi eminingi emihle yalaba babhali i-dystopias ngobuhlakani obuchwepheshile obucabanga ngemibono yekusasa ephazamisayo.. Futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kusiza kakhulu ke ukwethula izinto ze-elekthronikhi kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Eminye imisebenzi yakhelwe endaweni emnyama nengapheli, indawo ingqondo yethu ehamba kuyo lapho sicabanga ngohlobo. Ngisho nenganekwane nesayensi yezinganekwane nazo ziyahambisana.
Ngakho-ke, umcabango kanye nokuvela kwezinganekwane zesayensi akunakuphikwa, amathuba maningi kakhulu, abanzi kakhulu. Futhi lokhu, kanye nezinhlelo ezibukwayo lezo izindaba ezijwayelana kahle nazo, kuholele ekusungulweni kwenqwaba yokujwayela kwefilimu, okuthe ngendlela yabo bekwazile ukungcwelisa lolo hlobo endaweni yesikhulumi sokulalelwayo nokubonwayo (yize ngezinye izikhathi kuba nokunye okwengeziwe. noma impumelelo encane). ).
Ngendlela efanayo akekho ongangabazi ukubaluleka kobulili ekuthuthukiseni isiko kanye nenkulumo yemibhalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunababhali abaningi abasha abakhuthazwa ukuba bakhe izindaba eziqanjiwe zesayensi ezisisiza siqonde kangcono lo mhlaba.
Ngokunjalo, lolu hlobo, ngaphezu kokuqonda umphakathi wethu kanye nokusenza sazi ngalokho esisizungezile, lusixwayisa ngezingozi esezikhona kakade. Kusisiza nokuba siphuphe futhi siqhubeke sikholelwa ukuthi ezinye izinto ezingokoqobo zingenzeka ngempela. Izinganekwane zesayensi zakhiwe ngokuvumelana ngokuphelele nenganekwane kanye nalokho okungakholeka ngokuphelele. Noma ingabe besiyokholelwa emakhulwini eminyaka, noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka edlule, ukuthi omakhalekhukhwini, izimoto zikagesi, noma uhambo lwasemkhathini kungaba ngokoqobo futhi kuyingxenye yalo mhlaba? Ukube wasitshela, lokho bekuyobonakala kuyinganekwane yesayensi.
Amanoveli Enganekwane Yesayensi: Ezinye Izihloko Eziphawulekayo
Izwe Elisha Elinesibindi (1932)
Enye yezincwadi ezinkulu zokuphayona zekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ibhalwe ngu-Aldous Huxley osinika ubuthongo, umbono ocishe wamangala wabantu abalahlekelwe ubuntu babo kule dystopia. Kungani abantu, ngaphezu kokukhulelwa ngamashubhu okuhlola, bahlukaniswa kusukela ngaphambi kokuzalwa ukuze babe nesikhundla emphakathini. Ngandlela-thile inkinga yenkululeko iyaqedwa, kwenziwani ngayo? Yini noma kuphi lapho siqondise ukuphila kwethu? Ekugcineni wonke umuntu unomsebenzi esikalini somphakathi. Kulesi simiso wonke umuntu uyajabula futhi akekho oke acabange ukuvukela..
1984 (1949)
1984 iyinoveli kaGeorge Orwell ehlongoza olunye uhlelo lobushiqela lapho zonke izinyathelo nezenzo zezakhamizi zibukwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, nasezindlini zazo. Asikho isikhala sanoma yikuphi ukunyakaza okubhekwa njengokungahlelekile; umsebenzi, ubudlelwano ngisho nomcabango kulawulwa ngaphansi kweso lensimbi likaBig Brother. 1984 Ngokungangabazeki ingelinye lamanoveli anamandla futhi aphawuleka kakhulu ekhulwini lama-XNUMX.
I-Martian Chronicles (1950)
URay Bradbury ungomunye wababhali ababalulekile bezinganekwane zesayensi; Ubhale izindaba, imibhalo yamafilimu, amanoveli kanye nemidlalo. IziKronike zikaMartian Yakhiwe ngochungechunge lwezindaba ezilandisa ngokukwenziwa ikoloni kweplanethi i-Mars ngabantu.. Lokhu kumele kuhambe eMhlabeni futhi kuhlose ukuguqula iplanethi entsha ibe ikhophi eqondile yalokho abakushiye kuplanethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamakholoni kanye namaMartians buboniswa njengokubuyekezwa kwalokho osekuvele kwenzeka emhlabeni wethu amakhulu eminyaka ngokunqoba nokuhlasela. Ezinye izindaba ezimangazayo ezithuthela ekucabangeni.
I-Fahrenheit 451 (1953)
Inoveli edume kakhulu kaRay Bradbury. Abaningi bazovele bazi ukuthi isihloko sayo sidalwa wukuthi kuleli izinga lokushisa iphepha liyasha. Futhi indaba iyavutha. Lena indaba kaGuy Montag, umcimi-mlilo lapho ochwepheshe bomhlaba emkhakheni wabo bezinikele ekuqaliseni imililo, hhayi ukuyicisha. Umsebenzi wakhe ukushisa izincwadi, ngoba lezi zinto zibangela ukuhlupheka kuphela ngemibono eziqukethe.. Ukufunda akuvunyelwe futhi kuyisenzo sangempela sokuvukela ukugcina izincwadi zisekhaya. Lena ikakhulukazi incwadi okufanele ifundwe kabusha ngaso sonke isikhathi.
2001: I-Space Odyssey (1968)
Umsebenzi ka-Arthur C. Clarke mhlawumbe waziwa kakhulu ngefilimu eqondiswe nguStanley Kubrick. Nokho, lena enye yalezo zincwadi ezivule indlela yombuzo owaziwayo: ingabe sisodwa endaweni yonke? Kumayelana nohambo lwasemkhathini ekushisekeleni komuntu ukuthola izimpendulo.. Yindaba eyindida lapho kuphikiswana khona isikhathi nendawo, lapho imibuzo emikhulu ekhona kubalingiswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi umbhali ufake isandla esikhulu efilimini kaKubrick.
Isandla sobunxele sobumnyama (1969)
Kuyinoveli emangalisayo ngokubhala u-Ursula K. Le Guin lokho ukuqinisekisile ukuthi inganekwane yesayensi iwuhlobo olufanelekela olwalo futhi oluhlonishwayo. Umbhali udale umhlaba obizwa ngeGeden lapho abahlali bakhona bengenabo ubulili obungapheli noma ubulili obuchaziwe, bane-androgynous futhi bane-biology eguquguqukayo kuye ngokuthi bangasiphi isikhathi senyanga. Inoveli ekwazi ukwephula wonke ama-taboos.
I-Dark Frontier (2020)
Umklomelo IMinotaur 2020, umngcele omnyama ibeka inothi elisha kulolu hlu, okubonisa ukuthi uhlobo olunamandla nekhwalithi lusaphila kunangaphambili. Inoveli ka-Sabino Cabeza isiyisa endaweni emnyama nekude kakhulu. Inani labantu selisakazekele phezu kwezinkulungwane zamaplanethi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umgodi omnyama uvele ngesikhathi esifanayo njengomkhumbi ongaqondakali, onqenqemeni lomgodi oshiwo. Ukaputeni ogama lakhe linguFlorence Schiaparelli kufanele anqume phakathi kokusindisa abasebenzi balowo mkhumbi noma athuthuke ocwaningweni lomgodi. Le noveli ikhomba zonke izici zenganekwane yendabuko yasemkhathini..
