Amakamelo Etiye: Abesifazane Abasebenzayo
Amakamelo Etiye: Abesifazane Abasebenzayo iyinoveli yezenhlalo ebhalwe isishoshovu samakhomanisi saseSpain, intatheli kanye nombhali uLuisa Carnés Caballero. Umsebenzi washicilelwa okokuqala ngo-1934 ngenxa yeqembu labashicileli elizinikele ekugxekeni komphakathi. Kamuva, ngo-2016, le ncwadi yaphinde yashicilelwa futhi yabuyiselwa enkundleni yezincwadi yindlu yokushicilela yaseGijón iHoja de Lata.
Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yombango YaseSpain, uLuisa Carnés waya ekudingisweni eMexico. Nakuba umbhali waqhubeka ebhala kwaze kwaba usuku lokufa kwakhe, Amakamelo Etiye: Abesifazane Abasebenzayo Yashiywa indiva, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukwethulwa kwayo bekujabulele ukuthandwa okukhulu nemfudumalo evela kubagxeki. Okwamanje, Le ncwadi iyisibonelo sobufazi kanye nokulandisa kwamaphutha omphakathi adlule.
Amazwibela we Amakamelo Etiye: Abesifazane Abasebenzayo
Amahora ayishumi okusebenza, ukukhathala, ama-pesetas amathathu
Inoveli isitshela indaba yabesifazane abaningana abasebenza njengabaweta egumbini letiye elihlonishwayo eMadrid., ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ekuqaleni kweRiphabhulikhi Yesibili. Ngayinye yalezi zintokazi zinendatshana yazo: U-Antonia ungumakadebona ongaziwa muntu ngomsebenzi wakhe; UPeca yena uneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala futhi uyithanda kakhulu inkolo.
UMarta wangena egunjini letiye elangazelela umsebenzi. U-Laurita uwuhlobo lwendodakazi kankulunkulu kumnikazi wendawo, ngakho-ke uzibonakalisa njengongenandaba nokuhlanya kakhulu kubo. Ekugcineni, kukhona uMatilde, the alter ego yombhali, intombazane encane empofu, kodwa enemibono yayo mayelana nendlela umphakathi okufanele ubasebenzele ngayo abesifazane.
Ama-villains agqoka kahle
Bobabili umnikazi wegumbi letiye nomsizi wakhe -ngaphezu kwabanye abantu abaphethe ngokujwayelekile— zivezwe njengezingenabulungiswa, ehlukumezayo futhi engathandeki, cishe kuze kube seqophelweni lokuba yizigqila ezingenandaba kangako nenhlalakahle yezisebenzi. Umphathi ubonisa umlingiswa ozidlayo, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo esaba umphathi omkhulu, “oyizinja.”
Umsebenzi, Njengoba igama lisho, igxile ekucabangeni ngempilo yalaba besifazane abasebenzayo, imiholo yabo ephansi kanye namahora amade okusebenza ababengaphansi kwawo. Lokhu kwakuyiqiniso labesifazane bangaleso sikhathi, futhi uLuisa Carnés Caballero ulithuthukisa ngokwethembeka okuphelele, njengoba yena ngokwakhe waphila mathupha. Eqinisweni, omunye wabalingiswa bayo, uMatilde, uphefumulelwe umbhali.
Isisindo emahlombe abesifazane
Abalingiswa abaqavile bale noveli ngabesifazane abanesibindi, abanabafowabo bondla nabazali abangasakwazi ukusebenza—yize behlala befuna izindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa zokuthola isinkwa sabo. Amakamelo Etiye: Abesifazane Abasebenzayo ikhuluma ngokuxhashazwa kwabesifazane ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuyimfihlo, lapho abesifazane bephoqeleka ukuba bashade, y komunye, emsebenzini, lapho bengakhokhelwanga ngokwanele.
UMatilde uphupha ngekusasa lapho abesifazane bekwazi ukuqopha indlela yabo ngaphandle kokuncika kumuntu, lapho bengakwazi khona ukuma ngezinyawo futhi bakhethe ukuthi bafuna ukwenzani ngokuphila kwabo. Kunamantombazane afisa ukuya ezikoleni lapho kungena amadodakazi angamadoda anamandla kuphela, amanye afuna ukuzakhela amabhizinisi, amanye afuna ukunakekela imindeni yawo.
Inoveli ngaphambi kwesikhathi sayo
Indlela ka-Luisa Carnés Caballero yokucabanga yamholela ekulweni okungenani iminyaka engamashumi amabili ngaphambi kwezazi zesikhathi sakhe. Ku Amakamelo Etiye: Abesifazane Abasebenzayo isitshela ukuthi ubusha bamantombazane amaningi buphazanyiswa yinyongo yokusebenza kanzima ngaphandle kweholo elanele, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa abesifazane abavame ukukuthola kubaphathi babo besilisa.
Iqiniso elimsulwa lezenhlalo likaLuisa Carnés lixutshwe nesitayela sokulandisa esiqondile, ukugxeka kanye ne-prose. owesifazane. Izihloko ezinjengomshado, ukudayisa ngomzimba, ukuhushulwa kwezisu, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, phakathi kwezinye, nazo zidingidwa.. Amagumbi Wetiye iphakamisa into engakaze ibonwe kuze kube manje: ukuvela kowesifazane ohlukile, ozimele, ofuna ukukhululwa ngomsebenzi ohloniphekile.
Ngaphakathi kwezombusazwe
Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1930, iSpain yabhekana nesimo sokungazinzi okukhulu kwezombangazwe nezenhlalo. Kwaba nenqwaba yezikhalazo ngezimo ezimbi zokusebenza kanye nokuphathwa ngendlela engafanele kwabasebenzi. Lo mongo usebenze njengengemuva lokudalwa kwe Amakamelo Etiye: Abesifazane Abasebenzayo. Ngaleso sikhathi abafundi bale noveli bakhululeka lapho bebona ukuthi omunye wabo—oyisisebenzi—wayelandisa ngobuqiniso bezwe.
Umbhalo ubuye ukhulume ngomzabalazo wekilasi, nokuthi labo abanelungelo elikhulu ngeke bazi ukuthi kunjani ukulamba noma ukungabi nayo inkululeko yokuzinqumela ngempilo yakho. Lokhu bekungeke kube yinkinga, ukube bekungekona lokho Ama-protagonists aveza ukuhlupheka okuhlelekile kwabampofu.
Mayelana nombhali, uLuisa Genoveva Carnés
ULuisa Genoveva Carnés Caballero wazalwa ngoJanuwari 3, 1905, eMadrid, eSpain. Ukhulele emndenini wemvelaphi yesigaba sabasebenzi, futhi Kwadingeka ashiye isikole eneminyaka engu-11 ukuze ayosebenza endaweni yokusebenzela yezigqoko ngenxa yesimo sezimali somuzi wakho. Wanikela isikhathi sakhe esincane samahhala esifundweni esizimele sabezindaba, izincwadi, umlando kanye nezepolitiki, futhi washicilela inoveli yakhe yokuqala ngo-1928.
Ngo-1930 waqala ukusebenza njenge-stenographer enkampanini yokushicilela i-Compañía Iberoamericana de Publicaciones (CIAP). Kulapho ahlangana khona nomdwebi wekhathuni uRamón Puyol, owaba ngumyeni wakhe ngemuva nje kwalokho. Lapho i- Impi yezikhali, umbhali wagxila emsebenzini wakhe wokuba intatheli yezempi. Kamuva, lapho impi isiphelile futhi iqembu lama-republic lilahlekelwe, waya ekudingisweni eMexico.
Ezinye izincwadi zikaLuisa Carnés Caballero
- izindaba eziyishumi nantathu (Hoja de Lata Editorial, 2017);f
- I-Rosalía (Hoja de Lata Editorial, 2017);
- Ukusuka e-Barcelona kuya e-French Brittany (I-Renacimiento yomhleli, 2014);
- isixhumanisi esingekho (I-Renacimiento yomhleli, 2017);
- Okubomvu nokumpunga. Qedela izindaba I (Ediciones Espuela de Plata, 2018);
- Lapho I-Laurel Yahluma, Izindaba Eziphelele II (Ediciones Espuela de Plata, 2018);
- Natacha (I-Ediciones Espuela de Plata, 2019).