I-Modernism yayiyinhlangano yobuciko namasiko phakathi kuka-1880 no-1920. Mayelana nezincwadi, bekuyizinkondlo. Ibonakala nge-symbiosis yentsha futhi eyeqayo, engabonakala ngolimi oluvuselelwe, kanye nokubuyela ku-classicism. I-aesthetics yayiyinhloko ekuhambeni, ngakho-ke i-sublime, i-aristocratic kanye nehlungiwe kokuqukethwe ingabongwa, kanye nethoni ethintekile. Umphumela waba inhlangano yezamasiko efinyeleleka kwabambalwa kuphela.
Yayinokuphusha okukhulu eLatin America, nakuba yayizogcina ifinyelele eSpain. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-modernism yemibhalo Kuyinhlangano eyayibhalwe ngeSpanishi. Wazalelwa eNicaragua futhi ummeleli wakhe omkhulu uRubén Darío. Umsebenzi wakhe Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka… (1888) i-exponent enkulu yalesi samanje. Kodwa baningi ababe nesandla kulesi sitayela esihle nesiwuphawu. Naba abanye ababhali besimanje ababaluleke kakhulu.
URuben Dario
Ungumuntu oyinhloko wesimanjemanje futhi ungomunye wababhali ababaluleke kakhulu baseSpain-American basekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX.. Wazalelwa eMetapa (Nicaragua) ngo-1867 futhi wathatha izinkondlo, ubuntatheli futhi wasebenza njengonobhala. Ngokushesha waqala ukubhala nokuxhumana nabantu abavela emikhakheni yezincwadi nezombusazwe zase-El Salvador naseChile, amazwe ahlala kuwo isikhashana ebusheni bakhe. Empeleni, Azul wayishicilela eChile ngo-1888. Leli qoqo lezinkondlo libaluleke kakhulu ku-modernism ngoba liqala isitayela sokubhala. futhi ivulela abanye ababhali besimanje indlela.
Uchitha isikhathi esiningi esebenzisana nemithombo yezindaba ehlukene futhi uzohlala emazweni ahlukene eLatin America naseYurophu ngesikhathi eqhubeka nokuhlola izinkondlo zakhe. ngo-1892 Ufika eMadrid lapho ezoxhumana khona nababhali nosopolitiki baseSpain ababedume kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.. Ngethonya lokuthi lokhu kuzosho izincwadi zeSpanishi zamanje.
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zezinkondlo zakhe ukuguqulwa kwevesi lesiFulentshi lase-Alexandria kumethrikhi yeSpanishi.. Imisebenzi eyisisekelo kaRubén Darío yile: Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka… (1888), Iprose prose nezinye izinkondlo (1896), C.antomos de vida y esperanza, amasinema kanye nezinye izinkondlo (1905).
Leopoldo Lugones
U-Lugones ungum-Argentina, futhi ngaphezu kokuba imbongi, wayengumbhali wezindaba, usopolitiki kanye nentatheli, nakuba naye wasebenza emisebenzini ehluke kakhulu. Ezweni lakhe wayengumbhali wesimanje ofaneleka kakhulu. Ngasohlangothini lwakhe, kwadingeka aphile nokungahlaliseki ngokomzwelo okungenzeka ukuthi kwamholela ekubeni azibulale nge-cyanide. Imisebenzi yakhe ebaluleke kakhulu yesimanjemanje ithonywa yi-symbolism, yamanje yemibhalo ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwababhali besimanje.; lezi izi izintaba zegolide (1897) futhi Kuhwalala ingadi (1905). Njengelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, waphinde wahlakulela ukulandisa futhi wabhala inganekwane njengomsunguli wenganekwane yesayensi.
José Martí
Naphezu kwesimilo sakhe soguquko nokubamba iqhaza enhlanganweni yempi yenkululeko yaseCuba, uJosé Martí ungomunye wababhali besimanje ababaluleke kakhulu. Yebo kulungile imodernism kufanele iqondwe njengento yobuhlakani ekufuneni ukuvuselelwa kwemibhalo, futhi uMartí wakwazi nokuqamba izinkondlo ezazizinikele kakhulu emphakathini. Ngaphezu kokuba yimbongi, lo mbhali ongowokuzalwa eCuba wayeyintatheli nesazi sefilosofi, umsunguli weCuban Revolution Party, eyahlakazwa ngo-1898. Kanye noRubén Darío, uthathwa njengoyise wesimanjemanje.. Uphisi wakhe wobuciko odlula konke IGolden Age (1889).
Izinzwa ezithandwayo
Intatheli yaseMexico, imbongi kanye nediplomat. Wayeyilungu le-Mexican Academy of Language futhi ohambweni oluya eParis wahlangana nabantu abakhulu bobuciko namasiko, njengo-Oscar Wilde, uLeopoldo Lugones noma uRubén Darío, ayezogcina ubungane obuseduze nabo. Ubuye wahlala eMadrid, Argentina nase-Uruguay. Umsebenzi wakhe unzima ukuwuhlukanisa ngomnyakazo oyingqayizivele ngenxa yesimo sawo esihluphekile, esibucayi noma esingaqondakali, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina.. uyagqama amaparele amnyama (1898), ongaqondakali (1898).
Manuel Gutierrez Najera
UGutiérrez Nájera ungomunye umbhali waseMexico naye owanikezela ingxenye enhle yomsebenzi wakhe kumlando weMexico City., ebonisa ukunyakaza nezinguquko idolobha elikhulu elabhekana nakho phakathi nengxenye yesibili yekhulu le-XNUMX. Wayeyimbongi yesimanje esondelene ne-romanticism yasendulo, yingakho eshiye isigxivizo esibucayi nesicwengekile. Njengentatheli wabonakala kalula ngesiteketiso sika-El Duque Job. UGutiérrez Nájera ushone eneminyaka engu-35 ngenxa yokopha ebuchosheni. Phakathi komsebenzi wakhe gqama Duchess Job, I-Hamlet eya ku-Ophelia, ama-ode amafushane o Schubert's Serenade.
Jose Asuncion Silva
Awuningi umsebenzi wakhe ogciniwe kulo mbhali ngoba ingxenye enhle yalahleka. Ngemva kokubhekana namashwa ahlukahlukene, wazibulala lapho eseneminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Kodwa-ke, okusele emibhalweni yakhe kubaluleke kakhulu kuweUngomunye wezimbongi zesimanje ezibaluleke kakhulu eColombia. Ngokufanayo, ingxenye yomsebenzi wakhe wokubhala ifakwe ngaphakathi kwe-costumbrismo. Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu owasinda yilo mbhali ngu incwadi yamavesi.
Delmira Agustini
Lo mbhali wayehlukile ngesikhathi sakhe. Angabalwa phakathi kwabesifazane abambalwa besimanje ngenxa yokuthi wazalelwa emndenini ocebile owamnika imvume nokusekelwa okudingekayo ukuze asungule umsebenzi wokubhala ohlonishwayo. Wazalelwa eMontevideo (Uruguay) ngo-1886 emndenini wabokufika base-Italy, nakuba abulawa umyeni wakhe eneminyaka engu-27 ubudala. Umsebenzi wakhe ugqama ngokuqukethwe kwawo okuvusa inkanuko futhi omele kakhulu izinkomishi ezingenalutho (1913).
UJulio Herrera noReissig
Omunye umbhali obaluleke kakhulu wase-Uruguay wesimanjemanje nguJulio Herrera Reissig. Naye wazalelwa eMontevideo futhi ngokufanayo washona esemncane njengoba enempilo ebuthaka. Yize enezindatshana ezibhaliwe kanye nezindaba ezixoxwayo, umsebenzi wakhe ogqama kakhulu owezinkondlo. Isitayela sakhe sakhula sisuka ku-romanticism saya kwi-surrealism kanye nesimanjemanje.. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe yobunkondlo kugqama Izinjabulo zentaba o Umbhoshongo we-sphinxes.
Manuel Gonzalez Prada
Wayeyimbongi nesazi sefilosofi sasePeru esasinethonya elikhulu ezweni lakubo ngenxa yezindatshana azibhala, ezazigxeka kakhulu emkhakheni wezenhlalo nezombusazwe. Kube nemiphumela emikhulu kumaqiniso asePeruvia, kanye nenhlangano yesimanjemanje. Waqala kusukela romanticism futhi Wafinyelela ku-modernism ngethalente elikhulu lolimi, waligcwalisa ngamathuba. Izinkondlo zakhe ziwukuvuselela okuyiqiniso kwamagama. uyagqama Unobumba omncane (1901) futhi Okungavamile (1911).
Ababhali abaningi abafanelekile baseSpain abaxhumene nesimanjemanje
- UManuel Machado. Umsebenzi wakhe wezinkondlo mkhulu kakhulu; Phuma Alma o Inkondlo embi.
- UJuan Ramon Jimenez. Imbongi edumile eyamangala ngomsebenzi UPlatero nami (1914), isibonelo esifanelekayo sesimanjemanje esilandisayo.
- I-Ramón del Valle-Inclán. Umbhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi owaziwayo, umbhali wamanoveli kanye nembongi. Umsebenzi wakhe obaluleke kakhulu wesimanje Iphunga lezinganekwane. Amavesi okudumisa ungcwelengcwele.
- Benavente Hyacinth. Umbhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi onikeze ishashalazi yaseSpain ukulungiswa okubalulekile. Yize ebuye abhale izinkondlo, izindaba ezimfishane nezihloko zamaphephandaba. NgoMgqibelo ebusuku Kungumsebenzi oqukethe amazwi.