Izincwadi zokuzidela zihambisane nezizukulwane ezimbalwa zabafundi emashumini eminyaka akamuva. Manje mhlawumbe Ziqhelelene kancane ngoba lolu hlobo lokulandisa lwenziwe ngaphezu kwabanye, njengezincwadi ezimnandi, zabaseshi, noma okuyimfihlakalo noma ukwesabisa.. Ngisho namanoveli empi noma amanoveli ama-cowboy angase aqukathe izici zamanoveli okuzijabulisa. Nakuba lezi zinezici ezithile ezizinquma "njengohlobo lwe-adventure".
Iqiniso liwukuthi lolu hlobo lwencwadi lungahlanganisa i-typology ebanzi kakhulu futhi babe nezici ezabiwe nezinye izinhlobo, nokho akufanele zidideke. Ngakho-ke, sazi kangcono okwengeziwe mayelana nezincwadi ze-adventure, kanye namanoveli adume kakhulu ohlotsheni.
Uhlobo lwe-adventure
Izincwadi zokuzidela ziwuhlobo lwazo, nakuba kukhona amatimu athile ababelana ngazo nezinye izinhlobo. Nokho, isici esicatshangelwa kakhulu sohlobo lwe-adventure ukubaluleka kwesenzo esakhiweni. Isenzo sibusa zonke izici zendaba futhi ukuhambisana kuvame ukunikezwa esikhaleni, esingajwayelekile noma esiyimfihlakalo.. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona izingxenye zomlando ngokuseshwa kwezinto zasendulo noma uhambo oludlulele, phakathi kwazo, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuhlangana nezilo noma izidalwa ezinkulu nezesabekayo.
Kodwa-ke, abalingiswa noma ukubonakaliswa kwabo okungokwengqondo ngokuvamile kuhlala kungemuva. Ubungozi kanye nesenzo kuzothatha ingxenye enkulu yesakhiwo futhi izimo zihlukahlukene.. Cishe ayikho indawo yokuphumula noma ukuzindla, noma yabalingiswa abakhulu, noma yomfundi; nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi abalingisi bafinyelela iphuzu elijulile ngenxa yokuthi basuke besocwaningweni olungagcini nje ngokuphathekayo, kodwa oluthinta imizwa.
Imvelaphi yalolu hlobo ingatholakala ezinkondlweni ezidumile nalawo maqhawe nohambo lwenganekwane lwe-Antiquity.. Nokho, lezi zindaba ziguquke kakhulu kuze kube manje. Okokuqala, kwakukhona ukuqhuma ekhulwini le-XNUMX, lapho sithola khona zonke izinhlobo zakudala zalolu hlobo, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho, ngokuzalwa kohlobo lwanamuhla, ngekhulu le-XNUMX singathola abanye abalobi. Namuhla amanoveli e-adventure awanawo amandla afanayo namashumi eminyaka edlule, kusukela lapho izindaba zezincwadi zedlulwe ngamandla okukhanga kwesinema kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha ngefomethi ye-audiovisual, ilungele ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zenzakalo ezimangalisayo.
Abalobi
- UDaniel Defoe (c.1660-1731).
- UJonathan Swift (1667-1745).
- Ubaba ka-Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870).
- UHermann Melville (1819-1891).
- UJules Verne (1828-1905).
- UMark Twain (1835-1910).
- URobert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894).
- H Rider Haggard (1856-1925).
- JRR Tolkien (1892-1973).
Izincwadi ze-adventure ezidume kakhulu
URobinson Crusoe (1719)
Le noveli enhle kakhulu esiphenduke indala phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ixoxa indaba yomfana okwathi, eshukunyiswa ukungalaleli uyise kanye nesifiso sakhe sokuzijabulisa, wathatha uhambo lolwandle. Ukuhamba ngomkhumbi kuba nomdlandla ngaye kanye nendlela yokuphila; nokho, abasha Robinson Crusoe uphukelwa umkhumbi futhi uba yedwa osindile. ngethuba lokudalelwa Ufika esiqhingini esiwugwadule futhi uzochitha iminyaka kule ndawo efunda ukusinda endaweni yasendle eyedwa ngokuphelele..
I-Gulliver's Travels (1726)
Kuyinhlekisa yezincwadi zokuhamba, nokho, yindaba equkethe i-adventure kanye nephupho ngesikhathi esisodwa; nakuba umbhali ebuye abe nenhloso ekhombisayo nefundisayo ngesimo somuntu. Lo msebenzi wakhiwe ngohambo olune olunamagama angashiwo futhi anelukuluku njengokuthi "Voyage to Lilliput" (okwaziwa kakhulu), "Voyage to Brobdingnag", "Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdrib, Luggnagg and Japan" kanye "Voyage ezweni lamaHouyhnhnms. Izigigaba zikaCaptain Gulliver Ziye zafundwa izingane kanye nabantu abadala ngenxa yokuthatheka okubazungezile, kodwa futhi Kube yimoto yemibono yombhali wayo kanye nokungamethembi uhlanga lwesintu okuvuse kuye ngenxa yobubi nokushiyeka kwayo..
I-Count of Monte Cristo (1846)
Lena indaba yohambo oluyindilinga lapho ukukhaphela nokuziphindiselela kuba yitimu ezisemqoka. Ku Isibalo sikaMonte Cristo umfundi uthola yonke into ukuze ahlale ekhangwe indaba eneshwa yomlingiswa wayo oyinhloko, Edmond Dantes. Wayeyinsizwa eqotho futhi esebenza kanzima eyayifisa ukushada noMercedes wayo ayithandayo. Kodwa uwela ngokukhashelwa umngane wakhe omkhulu futhi ugwetshwe ukuvalelwa esitokisini ngokungafanele. Eminyakeni yokuthunjwa uyoba nesikhathi sokubala ukuziphindiselela okuphelele. Inoveli iba yindawo ecatshangelwayo lapho ububi bunganikezi ukuphumula futhi ingekho indawo yokwethembeka..
UMoby Dick (1851)
Isiphetho siwujuqu, futhi KuKaputeni u-Ahabi, ekuthathekeni kwakhe, kunendawo yenhloso eyodwa kuphela, ukuthola, ukuzingela nokubulala umkhomo omhlophe., isilwane esikhulu esiphenduke inunu kule ndaba yamachashazi olwandle. Indaba eguqulwa ibe ugodo lwasolwandle olukhanyayo lapho ukuzulazula okude kufinyelela umvuthwandaba ngesiphetho esisobala nesilindelekile. Moby Dick Iyinoveli yamaqhawe eqiniso yesikhathi sethu.
Amaqembu Ezinkulungwane Ezingamashumi Amabili Ngaphansi Kolwandle (1870)
Ungomunye wemisebenzi emikhulu yohlobo olunomlingiswa wasenganekwaneni, uCaptain Nemo okhathazekile. Izikebhe eziningana ziyanyamalala, ngakho iqembu lochwepheshe emikhakheni ehlukene liphuma liyobamba lokho elicabanga ukuthi isilo. kusukela ekujuleni kolwandle okungaziwa. Ngaphandle kwama-squid amakhulu nezinye izidalwa, uSolwazi Pierre Aronnax, umsizi wakhe u-Conseil kanye ne-harpooner Ned Land, abakutholayo nguKaputeni Nemo kanye nomkhumbi-ngwenya wakhe omangalisayo, Nautilus. Khona-ke ingozi nohambo kuzothatha elinye ithuba.
Emhlabeni Wonke Ngezinsuku Ezingamashumi Ayisishiyagalombili (1873)
Lokhu classical universal I-akhawunti yesenzo esafezwa uPhileas Fogg, ekanye noJean Passepartout, inceku yakhe ethembekile. UMnu. Fogg ungumnumzane ocebile futhi oyilungu le-Reform Club. Uyindoda egcina isikhathi ngokwedlulele ejwayele ukwenza zonke izenzo zayo ngokunemba kwesiNgisi. Ngemuva kokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi angakwazi ukuzungeza umhlaba ngesikhathi esimisiwe, unquma ukubheja ngemali yakhe ukuthi uzokwazi ukuzungeza umhlaba ezinsukwini ezingu-80. Kungenxa yalokho Le noveli, ngesikhathi esifanayo, iyincwadi ye-adventure, umboniso wendlela abantu abahlale befuna ngayo ukulawula isikhathi. nokuthi ikuzuze kanjani ngenxa yentuthuko entsha kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe.
I-Adventures kaTom Sawyer (1876)
Beka edolobheni eligudle uMfula iMississippi phakathi neMpi Yombango YaseMelika. Le noveli ye-adventure yobuntwana neyobusha ilandisa ngempilo yomfana ogama lakhe lingu-Tom Sawyer ngokombono wentsha futhi kude nokuqonda kwabantu abadala. UTom uthandana okokuqala ngqa futhi wenza izinhlelo nabangane bakhe ngaphakathi kwe-candidness kanye nezicukuthwane ezijwayelekile zomuntu ongakabonakali ngokungalungile kanye nobubi bempilo yabantu abadala.
I-Treasure Island (1882)
Enye yamanoveli ohambo oluhle kakhulu, Isiqhingi samagugu iqukethe zonke izakhi ezidingwa yileli klasi lezincwadi: izingozi, izigebengu, izigilamkhuba, izigigaba, umkhumbi nengcebo emangalisayo.. UJim Hawkins uguqula impilo yakhe ibe phansi lapho itilosi lifika endlini yezihambi yomndeni walo futhi uJim ethola imephu eya esiqhingini esifihla izimfihlo namathuba angaqondakali. Uhambo lwasolwandle luqala ngomkhumbi ogcwele izigebengu ngaphansi komyalo ka-John Silver, isigebengu esikhubazekile, esibheke emcebweni ohahelwayo.
Imayini yeNkosi uSolomoni (1885)
Isibonelo esihle sokuziphatha okungenangqondo okuboniswa ngumuntu omhlophe ukuthola igolide namatshe ayigugu azungeze umuntu omnyama endaweni yabo yemvelo. Lona, ngokudideka kwakhe, akasiqondi kahle lesi sithakazelo esigxilile somuntu waseYurophu. Ngokwesinye isandla, i-protagonist yenoveli i-atypical, ngoba akanesibindi noma mncane kakhulu; futhi kunezithiyo eziningi zokufinyelela ezimayini ezithembisayo okuyinto, ngaphezu kwalokho, etholakala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, elikuvumela ukuthi uthole futhi uhlole lesi sikhala kanye nabakhileyo kuyo.
INkosi Yezindandatho (1954)
Kuyi-adventure eyingqophamlando eyaqoqwa encwadini eyodwa njengokuqhubeka kwayo Hobbit; nokho, INkosi yezindandatho kuqondwa njengomlando ozimele, nakuba uxhumene nomlando ovamile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokwandiswa kwayo, Kwanqunywa ukuba ihlukaniswe ibe imiqulu emithathu: Ukubambisana Kweringi, IMibhoshongo emibili y Ukubuya kweNkosi. Le noveli inokubaluleka okukhethekile ngenxa yakho konke ukunakekela kanye nokuqina okukholakalayo ngaphakathi kokumangalisayo umlobi wayo u-Tolkien anikele ngakho ngokombono wefilosofi.
Indaba iqala ngo-Frodo ongenacala, i-hobbit encane ehlala e-Shire, idolobha elinobucolic lapho wonke umuntu ehlala ngokujabula futhi kude nazo zonke izinsongo.. Kodwa-ke, isiphetho sinomsebenzi obalulekile kuye lapho zonke izakhamuzi zaseMiddle-Earth zizoncika, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zinjani isimo noma uhlanga. Ngosizo lwabangane bakhe nabalingani bakhe, kufanele afike eNtabeni Yenhlekelele futhi abhubhise iNdandatho Eyodwa ngaphambi kokuba ibabhubhise bonke. Kodwa umgwaqo ngeke ube lula, uhambo luyingozi, lugcwele izitha, ubutha nokungaqiniseki. Futhi akekho oqinisekisa uFrodo ukuthi angabuyela ekhaya.
