Ifilosofi ifuna ukunikeza izimpendulo ezinkingeni zesintu. Kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka ongqondongqondo abaningi baye bazama ukunikeza incazelo yomuntu ngamunye nezenhlalo kuyo yonke imikhakha yabantu. Ifilosofi iphakamisa izingqinamba zokuphila ezithinta kakhulu nsuku zonke futhi ezilula. Lapho sicabanga ngokwengeziwe ukuthi ifilosofi ayinamsebenzi noma ithukwa umphakathi wanamuhla, yilapho sidinga khona ukuphendukela kokwakudala kanye nemisinga emisha esisizayo.
Ifilosofi ayiphumanga emfashinini noma ayiyona nje imibono yedlanzana lezihlanya ezibuthakathaka nezicindezelekile, ngokuphambene nalokho, umcabango ububusa ukuphila kwethu konke; Ikhono lokucabanga nokwenza umhlaba wethu ube ngamakhompyutha yikona okusenza sibe ngumuntu. Ngakho, Ukubalekela ukungazi nodlame, siphakamisa ukufunda eminye yemisebenzi esize umuntu kakhulu kulokhu..
La República
La República inkhulumomphendvulwano lapho kuvela khona amazwi ahlukene nalapho ingxoxo ifana nesiphithiphithi ngezihloko nezindaba ezahlukene. Liyincwadi evuthiwe kaPlato, esinye sezazi zefilosofi zokuqala, nesinye sezinkulu kunazo zonke emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Kuyo ugcizelela isidingo sokuba ngokoqobo futhi uhlonza ifilosofi nokubalulekile, okubalulekile, ukubeka isiyalo njengesayensi, nokuqhela ekubukekeni. Ngokunjalo, ukhuluma ngenjabulo nangendlela ehambisana nokuziphatha nokuzithiba.
I-Nicomachean Ethics
U-Aristotle ungomunye wongqondongqondo baseNtshonalanga abadume kakhulu emlandweni. Ungumbhali we I-Nicomachean Ethics, enye yezincwadi eziphawuleka kakhulu futhi ezifundwe kakhulu ezikhuluma ngezimiso zokuziphatha. Kuyena iqala kusukela esisekelweni sobuhle ukuzuza ukuphila okujabulisayo; nokuthi kuphakathi nendawo lapho ubuhle butholakala khona. Yingakho enza ukuphila okusesilinganisweni ngaphandle kokweqisa. Lo msebenzi uyiqoqo lezeluleko eziqondiswe endodaneni yakhe, uNicomaco, nakuba umphakathi uye wondliwa yikho njengoba ubhekisela ekuziphatheni komuntu.
UTao te ching
Lo msebenzi kaLao-Tzu umele umcabango wase-Asia. Kuyingxenye eyisisekelo yeTaoism, imfundiso yenkolo nefilosofi eyasungulwa uLao-Tzu ngokwakhe ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX BC. C. Isihloko somsebenzi siqukethe amagama athi "indlela", "ubuhle" kanye "nencwadi", nakuba saziwa ngalokhu kuguqulwa kokuphinyiselwa kwawo kwesiShayina: UTao te ching. Liyincwadi eyaziswa kakhulu ngesiko laseNtshonalanga, njengoba iyincwadi ebhalwe ukuthi kungaqondwa ngale kwamasiko nesikhathi mayelana nobuciko bokuphila, ukufunda ukuphila, ukwazi ukuphila. Iqukethe izimfundiso ezilula ezingafundwa njengokungathi izinkondlo.
Ebufushane bempilo
Kule ngxoxo yezahluko ezingamashumi amabili, uSeneca uxoxa nomngane wakhe uPaulino mayelana, ESO, ubufushane bokuphila. ukuthi ukuphila kufushane futhi I-Seneca isimema ukuba sizimise esikhathini sethu samanje, okuyilokho esinakho ngempela, futhi usinxusa ukuba siphile ukuphila ngokuvumelana nakho; Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho umuntu ezokwazi ukuphila ngokugcwele. Kumele uyeke ukulangazelela ikusasa noma ulesabe. Uma umuntu elahlekile esikhathini esizayo, imanje lakhe liyolahleka; nokho, iphinde ivikele umqondo wekusasa, ngoba umuntu udinga ukuba nombono kanye nesiqondiso. Ngokunjalo, okwedlule kumele futhi kulawulwe ukuze kungabanjwa i-nostalgia.
Inkulumo yendlela
Lo msebenzi kaRené Descartes kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX yi-prolegomenon yefilosofi yesimanje kanye ne-rationalism ("Ngicabanga, ngakho-ke nginguye"). Isekelwe ekufuneni amaqiniso asemhlabeni wonke asiza ukusungula isizathu phezu kwanoma yimuphi umcabango noma inganekwane.. Ngokunjalo, kugunyaza ukungabaza ngoba kuwukuvezwa komcabango; futhi umuntu uyakwazi ukuthola iziqinisekiso ngokuzindla. Isiphetho sefilosofi kaDescartes yileso sizathu, njengomphumela wokucabanga, ukubonakaliswa kobukhona bomuntu.
Isivumelwano senhlalo
Lo msebenzi onemifanekiso kaJean-Jacques Rousseau uwumsebenzi wefilosofi yezombangazwe okhuluma ngokulingana kwamadoda. Esimweni senhlalo esilinganayo, bonke abantu banamalungelo afanayo, lawo, alawulwa ngenkontileka yomphakathi. Isivumelwano senhlalo I-Rousseau iwukuvikela inkululeko yomuntu, intando yeningi kanye nokubusa okunobulungiswa. Lo mcabango wawuyimbangela yeNguquko YaseFrance.
Ukugxeka ngesizathu esimsulwa
Lona ngokungangabazeki ungomunye wemisebenzi yefilosofi ebaluleke kakhulu futhi enethonya yeNkathi Yesimanje. Yabhalwa ngu-Immanuel Kant futhi yanyatheliswa ngo-1781. Uchaza kabanzi ukugxeka okuqinile kwe-metaphysics yendabuko futhi uvula indlela yokuqonda okusha nesizathu. lokho kungachazwa ngabanye abacabangi. Lo msebenzi uhlukile futhi ubalulekile ngoba uqeda ukucabanga kwakudala futhi uzala indlela entsha yokuqonda umhlaba; Kuwukhiye njengomsebenzi onemifanekiso nesimanje. Ukhuluma, ngokwesibonelo, ngezahlulelo ze-priori (uthatha izibalo njengemodeli), kanye nezinqumo ezingemuva, ezethulwa ngesipiliyoni.
Imibhalo yesandla yezomnotho nefilosofi
Yabhalwa ngo-1844, le mibhalo evela ebusheni bukaKarl Marx yenza ngokwezinga elikhulu imigqa yemicabango yezomnotho neyefilosofi yobuMarxist. Kodwa-ke, zashicilelwa emashumini eminyaka ngemva kokushona komlobi wazo futhi maqondana nawo wonke umsebenzi wakhe zisuswe kancane kuMarx ovuthiwe. Noma kunjalo, le mibhalo yesandla igqamisa ukuhlukaniswa umuntu abhekana nakho ohlelweni lonxiwankulu olusekhona futhi olusabusa iNtshonalanga nanamuhla..
Washo kanjalo uZarathustra
Ibhalwe nguFriedrich Nietzsche ngekhulu le-XNUMX Washo kanjalo uZarathustra Kuyincwadi yefilosofi neyombhalo. Phakathi kwemiqondo yakhe kugqama uSuperman ( Übermensch), ukufa kukaNkulunkulu, intando yokuba namandla noma ukubuya kokuphila okuphakade.. Kulo msebenzi womcabango obalulekile, kuhlongozwa isimo esihle sempilo, kodwa futhi nokwamukelwa kosizi, ubuthakathaka bomuntu, noma ukugxeka okusobala kukaSocrates.
