Izincwadi ezi-5 zokufunda umlando wobuciko
Izincwadi ezi-5 zokufunda umlando wobuciko esizozisho ngezansi ziyireferensi yabo bobabili othisha nabafundi balesi sifundo esithakazelisayo. Balandisa ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezobuciko, njengobuciko, umculo nemibhalo, eyavela esidingweni esingokwemvelo sokukhuluma ngasohlangothini lomuntu wakudala.
Nakuba lokhu kuguquguquka kuhlanganiswa ngezinsiza ezingokomfanekiso, zolimi, ezizwakalayo nezixubile, Izincwadi ezinesihloko esithi "umlando wobuciko" cishe zihlala zigxila ekwambuleni amacembe amadala kakhulu okudweba nolimi olubonakalayo., kusukela ekuqanjweni kwayo ku-prehistory kuya ekuhambeni kwesimanje kakhulu, njenge-hyperrealism, minimalism kanye nobuciko bomqondo.
Ungafunda kanjani ngomlando wobuciko
Ngokungafani nemisebenzi efana nezakhiwo, imithi noma ubunjiniyela, umlando wezobuciko ungafundwa uzifundise ngokuphelele. Nakuba kuzohlala kubalulekile ukuthi uchwepheshe aqondise umfundi ohlelweni lwakhe lokufunda, Ubuchwepheshe buvale igebe ebelikhona phakathi kolwazi nomuntu ofuna ukuluzuza. Namuhla kungenzeka ukuthola othisha abakhulu ku-YouTube.
Izinsiza ezifana nezincwadi eziphathekayo noma ze-elekthronikhi ziya ngokuya zitholakala kuwo wonke umuntu, okuyinto, okufanele ukusho, into okufanele isetshenziswe ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Imikhuba efana nokusesha uhlelo lokufunda enyuvesi ehlonishwayo nokufunda ibhukwana layo eliphathisiwe, noma ukuchitha amahora amabili uhlola imibhalo evela kochwepheshe kungamathuluzi azonikeza isizinda kunoma yimuphi umuntu onentshisekelo.
Izincwadi ezinconyiwe zokufunda ngomlando wobuciko
Lokhu, kuze kube manje, ngolunye lwezinhlu zamanje kakhulu:
1. Ubuciko, ingqondo nobuchopho: indlela yokucabanga yokudala (2005)
Le ncwadi yokuqonda kwengqondo ebhalwe nguSolwazi Howard Gardner ihlola izinqubo zokusungula komuntu, ikakhulukazi, ukuthi kubonakaliswa kanjani ngobuciko. Umbhali ugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuhlola indlela ubuciko obubonakala bumi phezu kolimi. Ukuze yenze lokhu, ifunda ukukhiqiza ngemibono ehlukene, njengaleyo yezingane ezimeni ezahlukahlukene.
Umbhali usebenzisa izibalo zezingane ezijwayelekile, ezinesiphiwo, kanye nezimpawu ze-pathological. Okufanayo kwenzeka ngemicabango yabantu abadala, ayisebenzisela injongo efanayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlanganisa nomuntu omdala ovamile, lowo ohlushwa ukulimala kwengqondo, isendaweni ehlukile kanye neyomculi osesikhathini sakhe sokudala kakhulu. Futhi Kucashunwe ababhali abafana noChomsky, Goodman, Langer noCassirer.
2. Izimfihlo zemisebenzi yobuciko (2016)
U-Rose Marie no-Rainer Hagen bahlukanisa imisebenzi yobuciko emihle yomlando, bayihlaziye isiqephu nesiqeshana, bese beyihlanganisa njengendida enkulu. Ngale ndlela, ngokusebenzisa ama-canvases wonke umuntu owaziyo, Ababhali bahlela ukuthola zonke izimfihlo ezifihliwe, ezembula umphakathi, amasiko kanye nepolitiki yenkathi edlule, isikhathi esagcina izingqinamba zayo.
Ngakho-ke, ababhali bazibuza imibuzo elandelayo: kanjani ithunzi lempi lidlula endaweni yokudansa?Kungani indoda igqoke ikepisi?Ingabe umakoti ukhulelwe? Ukuveza izimpendulo, kudingekile ukugxila ngisho nasemininingwaneni emincane kakhulu, kuhlanganise nomongo kanye nosuku okwadalwa ngalo le midwebo, kusukela eGibhithe lasendulo kuya emaphandleni aseFrance.
3. Ubuciko: Umlando wokubuka oqinisekile (2008)
Ikhishwe umshicileli u-Dorling Kindersley (DK), Ingenye yezincwadi zomlando wobuciko eziphelele kakhulu ezingatholakala emakethe. Isho ukuthi ukunyakaza okuhlukahlukene kobuciko kwavela futhi kwavela kanjani, kusukela emlandweni, ngokusebenzisa i-classicism, i-Italian Renaissance, i-romanticism kanye ne-avant-garde. Le ncwadi idalula abaculi abangaphezu kwamakhulu ayisikhombisa.
Phakathi kwabo, abantu abajwayelene nabo bakudala abanjengoLeonardo da Vinci, uPicasso noVan Gogh bayagqama, ababhekisela kuzo ngeke bayeke ukuba semfashini. Umsebenzi ubuye uhlaziye umnyakazo wobuciko, imvelaphi yawo kanye nomthelela ezibe nawo. kubadali abalandelayo phakathi neminyaka edlule, ngaphezu kwamasu umdwebi ngamunye okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla awasebenzisayo ukuze aphefumulelwe futhi asebenze.
4. umlando wobuciko (1950)
Mhlawumbe EH Gombrich Bengingazi ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uzoba mqoka kangakanani ngesikhathi ethatha isinqumo sokubhala le ncwadi, kodwa kuvele ukuthi usefundise abathandi bezobuciko nongoti ngomlando wakhe izizukulwane ezingaphezu kwezinhlanu. Yethulwe ngefomethi yombhalo wokulandisa njenge "uchungechunge oluphilayo olusekhona nanamuhla oluxhumanisa inkathi yesimanje nenkathi yemibhoshongo."
Ixoxwa ngolimi olulula noluqondile, isihloko Ikhipha lonke ulwazi lukaGombrich namakhono okuxhumana.. Lokhu kulandisa umlando wobuciko njengokungathi iyinoveli ejabulisa kakhulu eyake yabhalwa, kuyilapho kusondeza umfundi ezisekelweni zomkhakha wezobuciko, ama-anecdotes mayelana nezingcweti kanye nesimo senhlalo-masiko ebengamele.
5. Ubhekani?: Iminyaka engu-150 yobuciko besimanje ngokuphazima kweso (2013)
UWill Gompertz, intatheli kanye nomqondisi wezobuciko we-BBC, uchaza ukuthi ubuciko besimanje buye badunyiswa futhi bahlonishwa kanjani umphakathi wezobuciko nababukeli. Umbhali kusiza ukuqonda ukuvela kwaleli gatsha lezobuciko bepulasitiki kusukela ekudalweni kwalo ngo-1860 kuya phezulu ngo-1970., ngaphezu kwentuthuko yayo phakathi nezinsuku zethu enkampanini yabalingisi abawubukhazikhazi kakhulu embonini.
Umbhali uthi konke ukunyakaza kuhlobene ngokungaphakathi kwabanye, kepha kunendlela yabo yokuqondwa nokusondela kuyo. Ngamunye unesitayela esithile namathonya angaba ezombusazwe, ezenhlalakahle, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nezobuciko. Naye usho lokho Ukwazi imithetho eyisisekelo yobuciko kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuzijwayeza ngesikhathi soshintsho.. Ngokunjalo, uthi abantu banake izitayela.
Iziphetho
Umlando wobuciko uyisandiso sesintu. Ngakho, Yindawo yolwazi engafundwa futhi ifundwe ngokufunda izihloko ngokucophelela., ngendlela efanayo okwenzeka ngefilosofi kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo. Ngalo mqondo, yini engaba ngcono ukuqonda le makethe kunokuqondiswa izingqondo ezikhanya kakhulu emhlabeni wobuciko?