Imisebenzi emi-5 edume kakhulu kaGabriel García Márquez
UGabriel García Márquez ungenye yezinkomba zezincwadi eziphakeme kakhulu. Eklonyeliswe kaningi, uMaestro Gabo wabhala eminye yemisebenzi eyakha i- boom I-Latin America, kanye nezihlakaniphi ezinjengoCarlos Fuentes, Mario Vargas Llosa kanye noJulio Cortázar. Ubuye athathwe njengomunye wobaba beqiniso lemilingo ngenxa yenoveli yakhe Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa.
Eqinisweni, lesi sihloko sathola uhlelo oludumile lwesikhumbuzo ngo-2007 oluvela eRoyal Spanish Academy kanye ne-Association of Academies of the Spanish Language. Naphezu kokuba nezindaba ezibhaliwe ezingezona izinganekwane, imibiko kanye nokubuyekezwa kwefilimu, umbhali waziwa kakhulu ngamanoveli akhe amakhulu.. Ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi, lena yimisebenzi emi-5 edume kakhulu kaGabriel García Márquez.
Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa (1967)
Inoveli inesakhiwo esingaqondile esilandwe izahluko ezingama-20 ezingenasihloko. Konke kuqala lapho umndeni wakwaBuendía uthuthela edolobheni eliqanjiwe elibizwa ngokuthi iMacondo., ngenxa yokungqubuzana inzalamizi, uJosé Arcadio, ayenayo noPrudencio Aguilar, lapho agcina ebulala khona lo wakamuva ngomkhonto. Kamuva, umbulali uqala ukuvakashelwa isipoki sesisulu sakhe, futhi, ethukile, uyahamba.
Ngaphandle kwabakwaBuendías—ababenezingane ezintathu—eminye imikhaya ithuthela eMacondo. Kanjalo, Ezizukulwaneni eziyisikhombisa, ukuzalwa, ukunwetshwa kanye nokwehla kwale ndawo kuyalandiswa, kanye nezigigaba zezakhamuzi zakhona. Ekugcineni, u-Úrsula Iguarán, umatriashi womndeni wakwaBuendía, uphila iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu enakekela umndeni wakhe. Le noveli ithinta izihloko ezifana neSibhicongo Sabasebenzi BakaBhanana.
Ucezu lwe Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa:
“Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, phambi kweqembu labadubuli, uColonel Aureliano Buendía kwadingeka akhumbule leyo ntambama ekude lapho uyise emhambisa eqhweni.”
Umlando Wokufa Okubikezelwe (1981)
Le noveli emfushane ixoxa indaba yobugebengu. I-Bayardo San Roman, indoda enesikhundla esihle, ushada no-Ángela Vicario. Ngemva komshado, umakoti nomkhwenyana baya endlini yabo entsha, lapho indoda Uthola ukuthi umkakhe akaseyona intombi. Edinwe egane unwabu, umbuyisele emzini wabazali bakhe, afike ashaywe ngunina bese ephenywa abafowabo okumele bamvikele.
U-Ángela usola uSantiago Nasar, omunye womakhelwane baleli dolobha. Uma abafowabo bezwa lokho, bafunga ukuthi bazoyibulala le ndoda, futhi bayixoxela ngapha nangapha, nakuba isisulu singazi kuze kube yimizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokushona. U-Ángela ubhalela uBayardo San Román izincwadi, kodwa ubuya kuphela ngemva kweminyaka engu-17, engazange afunde noma iyiphi kulezi zincwadi.
Ucezu lwe Umlando Wokufa Okubikezelwe:
“Ngosuku ababezombulala ngalo, uSantiago Nasar wavuka ngo-5.30:XNUMX ekuseni ukuze alinde umkhumbi okwakufike kuwo umbhishobhi. Wayephuphe ewela ihlathi lamakhiwane lapho kuconsa umoya opholile, isikhashana nje ejabule ephusheni, kodwa wathi evuka wezwa egcwele ubulongwe bezinyoni. “Ngangihlala ngiphupha ngezihlahla,” kusho unina uPlácida Linero, ekhumbula ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili nesikhombisa imininingwane yalowo Msombuluko ongajabulisi.”
UColonel akanamuntu ongambhalela (1961)
Umakadebona weMpi Yezinsuku Eziyinkulungwane Uya njalo ngoLwesihlanu ethekwini ogwini lwaseColombian Atlantic, ulinde ukuthola umyalezo oqinisekisa impesheni yakho. Yena nomkakhe abanayo imali eyanele yokuphila, futhi okuwukuphela kwempahla abanayo iqhude elilwa elatholwa yindodana yabo engasekho. Uhlelo lwakhe wukuthi alwe ngoJanuwari aphinde akhiphe inzuzo.
Kancane kancane, uColonel nomkakhe baphakela isilwane ummbila, kodwa ngokushesha baphelelwa izinsiza, futhi bangawuphakela ubhontshisi omdala kuphela. Kamuva, kuba nezingxoxo ezimbalwa mayelana nokunikeza noma ukudayisa iqhude, kodwa akukho nesisodwa salezi zenzo esifezwayo ngenxa yemibono ewumbudane yaleli qhawe. Ekupheleni, Iqhude libamba iqhaza kule mpi, nakuba kungaziwa ukuthi liwine noma lihluliwe yini kuyona.
Ucezu lwe UColonel akanamuntu ongambhalela:
“Lapho elinde ukumnika ukuba abile, ehlezi eduze kwesitofu sobumba enethemba futhi engenacala, uColonel wezwa umuzwa wokuthi kwakumila amakhowe anobuthi neminduze emathunjini akhe. "Kwakungu-Okthoba."
Udoti (1955)
Itholakala e-Macondo, Le noveli iluka itulo likadokotela owadingiswa iminyaka eyishumi. Naphezu kwabantu abalimele ababeza kuye bevela ezimpini zombango ezihlukahlukene, wenqaba ukwelapha noma iyiphi yazo, ngaleyondlela wagcina enqatshelwe idolobha lonke. Naphezu kwalokhu, uColonel Aureliano Buendía—owaziwa kakade e Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa- unquma ukumngcwaba ngayo yonke inhlonipho.
Njengoba yazi ukuthi yena nendodana yakhe bazobhekana nokucutshungulwa kukaMacondo ngokungcwaba okungcwele iqhawe elanqaba ukubasiza, indodakazi ka-Aureliano, u-Isabel, iyakuphikisa ukusiza uyise, kodwa uyamphoqa ukuba amphelezele. Indaba yethula ukulandisa kwekhwaya, futhi ikhuluma ngezindikimba ezivelayo emisebenzini ka-García Márquez., njengempi, ukufa nesibhicongo sikabhanana.
Ucezu lwe Udoti:
“Futhi mayelana nesidumbu sasePolyneice, oshone kabuhlungu, bathi ushicilele umyalelo wokuthi kungabibikho isakhamuzi esizosingcwaba noma sikhale, kodwa kunalokho, singangcwatshwa futhi ngaphandle kokuhlonipha ukukhala, basishiye njengesinambitheka. inyamazane yezinyoni ezindizayo.” ukuze uyishwabadele.”
Uthando ngezikhathi zekholera (1985)
Igqugquzelwe indaba yothando yabazali bakhe, le noveli ilandisa uhambo oluthandekayo lukaFermina Daza noFlorentino Ariza. Itulo liqala ngomngcwabo kadokotela omuhle uJuvenal Urbino, ofa ezama ukubamba upholi wakhe. Udokotela ushiya uFermina umfelokazi, naye, avakashelwe ngokungalindelekile yisipoki sakudala esilungele ukushintsha impilo yakhe futhi.
Ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu nanye, izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye nezinsuku ezine, uFlorentino usukuma nesithandwa sakhe ukumemezela ukuthi usamlindile., nokuthi uzimisele ukubuyisela isikhathi esilahlekile. Nokho, lona wesifazane uyazidla, futhi unesimilo esingalawuleki esingazange simshiye. Le ncwadi ikhuluma ngezenzakalo ezinjengokuqubuka kwekholera nokuhlasela kweGalleon San José kanye nokucwila kwayo eMpini yaseBarú.
Ucezu lwe Uthando ngezikhathi zekholera:
“Bagcina sebejwayelene kangangoba ngaphambi kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu beshadile base befana nomuntu ohlukene phakathi, bazizwa bengakhululekile ngenxa yokuqagela imicabango yomunye nomunye bengahlosile, noma ngenxa yengozi ehlekisayo. ukuthi omunye wabo ubekulindele esidlangalaleni ukuthi omunye uzothini.”
Mayelana nombhali, UGabriel García Márquez
Ingcaphuno kaGabriel Garcia Marquez
UGabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez wazalwa ngo-March 6, 1927, e-Aracataca, eMagdalena, eColombia. Ngemva kokushona kukamkhulu wakhe ozala umama, wathuthela nabazali bakhe eSucre, wabe eseyofunda esikoleni okuhlalwa kuso eBarranquilla. Ngokulandelayo Wangena esikoleni saseSan José Jesuit, lapho aqeda khona izifundo zakhe zokuqala zesekondari. futhi wazinikela ekubhaleni izinkondlo neziqephu zamahlaya.
Ngenxa yomfundaze awunikezwa uhulumeni, wathunyelwa eBogotá ukuze aqedele izifundo zakhe. Enhlokodolobha Wakhetha ukuba ngummeli. Lapho efunda, wakuthanda nakakhulu ukufunda, ukuthola ugqozi emisebenzini kaFranz Kafka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waqala ukubhala, ezivumela ukuba aqondiswe isitayela somlingo wezindaba ugogo wakhe azitshela zona.
Ngemuva kweziphazamiso nezithiyo eziningi, Ngo-1950 wayeka umsebenzi wakhe ukuze asebenze njengombhali kanye nentatheli yephephandaba I-Herald. Nakuba ayeseyibhalile imisebenzi phambilini, udumo lwakhe kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe lwafika nale noveli Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa, ngo-1967, eyadayisa amakhophi angu-8000 XNUMX ngesonto lokuqala. Nakuba uGarcía Márquez engazange aziqede izifundo zakhe, i-Columbia University eNew York yamklomelisa ngeziqu zobudokotela. Honoris causa ngezinhlamvu.
Ezinye izincwadi zikaGabriel García Márquez
Novelas
- Isikhathi esibi (1962);
- Ekwindla Komphathi (1975);
- Ujenene ku-labyrinth yakhe (1989);
- Uthando Namanye Amademoni (1994);
- Inkumbulo yezifebe zami ezidabukisayo (2004);
- Sobonana ngo-August (2024).
Izinganekwane
- Imingcwabo kaBig Mom (1962);
- Indaba emangalisayo futhi edabukisayo ye-candid Eréndira kanye nogogo wakhe ongenanhliziyo (1972);
- Amehlo enja eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (1972);
- Amashumi amabili nambili amaPilgrim Tales (1992);
Ukulandisa okungelona iqiniso
- Indaba yokulahlwa (1970);
- Ukuzidela kuka-Miguel Littín isinyenyela e-Chile (1986);
- Izindaba zokuthunjwa (1996).
I-journalism
- Lapho ngangijabule futhi ngingenawo amaphepha (1973);
- I-Chile, i-coup kanye ne-gringos (1974);
- IziKronike nemibiko (1976);
- Ukuhamba emazweni ezenhlalakahle (1978);
- Ubuntatheli bezempi (1978);
- Isizungu saseLatin America. Imibhalo kwezobuciko nezincwadi 1948-1984 (1990);
- Imibiko yokuqala (1990);
- Isithandwa esingaqediwe kanye neminye imibhalo yabezindaba (2000).
Memory
- Phila ukutshela (2002).
Indawo yaseshashalazini
- Uthando luthukuthelela indoda ehlezi (1994).
Izinkulumo
- Umklomelo wethu wokuqala weNobel (1983);
- Isizungu saseLatin America / Toast kuya ezinkondlo (1983);
- Inhlekelele yeDamocles (1986);
- Incwadi yokuba yingane (1995);
- Okwezwe elifinyeleleka kalula ezinganeni (1996);
- Iminyaka eyikhulu yokuba wedwa kanye nenkokhiso (2007);
- Angizile ukuzokwenza inkulumo (2010).