Umbhali Horacio Quiroga.
UHoracio Silvestre Quiroga Forteza (1878-1937) wayengumbalisi wezindaba okwathi empilweni yakhe yonke wadonsela ukubhala ngemvelo nothando. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindaba zikhombisa impilo egcwele izinhlekelele; ulahlekelwe abasondelene naye abaningi futhi izindaba zakhe zothando azibanga neziphetho ezijabulisayo.
Wancika kwezinye izinhlangano zokubhala ze-avant-garde, i-modernism, ne-naturalism, futhi bejwayele ukubeka imvelo njengesitha sabantu. Wayethathwa njengomunye wababalisi bezindaba abahamba phambili eLatin America, hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sakhe, kodwa kuzo zonke izikhathi.
I-Biography
Impilo yokuqala nomndeni
UHoracio wazalelwa e-Uruguay ngoDisemba 31, 1878Wahlala ingxenye enkulu yempilo yakhe e-Argentina. Umama wakhe kwakunguPastora Forteza noyise uFacundo Quiroga, owashona ngemuva kwengozi ephethe isibhamu ngesikhathi ebuya ekuzingeleni. UHoracio, ngaleso sikhathi, wayenezinyanga ezimbili ubudala.
Unina washada noMario Barcos, indoda eyathola uthando lukaQuiroga. Ngo-1896 usingababa walo mbhali waba nesifo sohlangothi esamshiya engakhulumi futhi ekhubazekile. U-Barcos wacindezeleka kakhulu waze wazidubula emlonyeni esebenzisa izinyawo, kanti uHoracio wavula umnyango wegumbi.
Izifundo
Umbhali Horacio Quiroga.
Enhlokodolobha yezwe lakubo, waqeda isikole samabanga aphezulu.a, ngesikhathi sobusha bakhe umbhali wakhombisa intshisekelo ngempilo ezweni, izithombe nezincwadi. Wayengumqapheli osemncane, kwamanye ama-workshops ePolytechnic Institute futhi eNyuvesi yase-Uruguay wafunda imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ngaphandle kwenhloso yokufaneleka.
Ngezinsuku zakhe zaseyunivesithi wayechitha isikhathi e-workshop, lapho insizwa ethile yayimnaka nefilosofi, futhi wasebenza emaphephandabeni I-Magazine y Izinguquko. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwamsiza ukuthi apholishe isitayela sakhe futhi athole ukuqashelwa. Kuze kube ngu-1897 wabhala izinkondlo ezingamashumi amabili nambili, ezisalondoloziwe namanje.
Ukuqala kwemibhalo
IConsistorio del Gay Saber kwakuyiqembu lezincwadi alisungula ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe ngo-1900, kulapho azama khona ngokusemthethweni njengombalisi. Ngo-1901 washicilela incwadi yakhe yokuqalaKodwa-ke, ngalowo nyaka kwashona abafowabo ababili nomngani wakhe uFederico, ababulala ngephutha lapho edutshulwa ngesibhamu.
Ubuhlungu balezi zinsizi, ikakhulukazi obomngani wakhe, baphoqa umbhali ukuthi ayozinza e-Argentina, lapho ahambela khona ehlathini lezithunywa futhi wakwazi ukufinyelela ekuvuthweni njengomsebenzi nongumbhali. Wafundiswa njengomfundisi wezemfundo futhi wathola umsebenzi wokufundisa eNational College yaseBuenos Aires.
UHoracio nothando lwakhe olunomsindo
UHoracio ufundise iSpanishi, kwathi ngo-1908 wathandana no-Ana María CiresB, waphoqeleka ukuba ancenge abazali bakhe ukuba babavumele bashade. Ekugcineni bamukela, lo mbhangqwana wahamba wayohlala ehlathini futhi waba nezingane ze-2; kodwa u-Ana wayengajabule ngokuhlala lapho, futhi wanquma ukuzibulala ngo-1915.
Umbhali uthathe isinqumo sokubuyela eBuenos Aires nezingane zakhe; usebenze njengonobhala e-Uruguayan Consulate General. Ngaleso sikhathi, ekhuthazwe uhambo olubalulekile oluya ehlathini, uQuiroga wakhiqiza imisebenzi ebalulekile, kufaka phakathi: Izindaba Zasehlathini, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1918.
Iminyaka edlule nokufa
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yempilo yakhe, uHoracio washada noMaría Elena BravoBabenendodakazi futhi bahlala ehlathini laseMisiones. Abamvumeli ukuthi adlulisele isikhundla sakhe e-Consulate ngenxa yokushintsha kukahulumeni, unkosikazi wakhe wesibili naye wakhathala ngempilo yasehlathini wabuyela eBuenos Aires, lokhu kwamkhathaza umbhali.
Ukwehlukana kwabo akuzange kuvimbele uMaria nendodakazi yakhe ekuhambeni naye lapho egula. UQuiroga ubuyele eBuenos Aires ukuyokwelashwa, wahlushwa umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa. NgoFebhuwari 19, 1937, umbhali wanquma ukuzibulala ngenxa yokudakwa yi-cyanhydric, lokhu ngemuva kokuhlala kuzungezwe izinhlekelele.
Ukwakhiwa
Izithombe ezahlukahlukene zikaHoracio Quiroga.
Izincwadi zezindaba ziveze ipeni likaQuiroga, baba yizincwadi zakudala; ukhombise iqiniso lakhe ngokubhala ngaphandle kokuguqula izindaba zakhe zibe ukulandisa ngempilo yakhe. Eminye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu "yenkosi enkulu yenganekwane yaseLatin American" ibinesihloko esithi:
- Izixhobo zamakhorali (1901).
- Indaba yothando oluphithizelayo (1908).
- Izinganekwane zothando, ukuhlanya nokufa (1917).
- Izinganekwane ezivela ehlathini (1918).
- Anaconda nezinye izindaba (1921).
Ngifunde futhi nginayo emtatsheni wezincwadi wami siqu yonke imisebenzi yaseQuiroga. Umbhali oncomekayo engahlangana naye, wezincwadi, lapho ngisengunyaka wesibili wesikole sebhizinisi ngalowo nyaka. Ngicabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe, uMás Allá, ubonisa isigaba sakhe sokugcina nesidabukisayo sezincwadi. Ngokubona kwami, indaba yakhe ethi The Vampire imkhomba ngokuphelele ngokuthi kungaba yini isiphetho sakhe sokugcina kule ndiza; ngokwesiprofetho, ngandlela thile. Ngiyazi ukuthi umoya wakhe usazulazula eSibhedlela sase-Clínicas.