I-Jarama
I-Jarama iyinoveli ezuze imiklomelo eyingxenye yenhlangano ye-Neorealist yaseSpain. Yabhalwa isazi sohlelo lolimi, isazi sezilimi, umbhali wezindaba kanye nomlobi uRafael Sánchez Ferlosio, futhi yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngqa ngo-1956 ilebula yokushicilela i-Destino. Ngemuva kokukhululwa kwayo yawina uMklomelo kaNadal, futhi yaba yisithenjwa ngaphakathi kweqiniso lezenhlalo kanye nezincwadi zangemva kwempi.
Akungabazeki ukuthi URafael Sánchez Ferlosio, umbhali wesizukulwane sika-50, wabhala ukugxeka okufihlekile kwesimiso sezombangazwe yangaleso sikhathi, kuyilapho exoxa indaba engabhalwanga, ngesikhathi esifanayo, enenani elikhulu lemibhalo. Kubagxeki, kuwumsebenzi omkhulu, kubafundi, njalo kuncike ekuthandeni komuntu ngamunye.
Amazwibela we I-Jarama
Isakhiwo esikha phezulu esinomcebo ofihliwe
I-Jarama Ayithuthukisi indaba eyinkimbinkimbi, kude nayo. Uma kudingekile ukukhuluma ngesizinda, le noveli iwela kakhulu, ngoba Lapha akubalulekile lokho okushiwoyo, kodwa indlela okukhulunywa ngayo.. Ngokuyisisekelo, lesi sakhiwo sizungeza abantu abasha abayishumi nanye abavela eMadrid abalungiselela ukuchitha iSonto elishisayo lasehlobo emaphandleni, phambi komfula onikeza igama lawo encwadini.
I-protagonists yehla ukuze igeze emanzini ayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela iqede isithukuthezi esikhiqizwa idolobha kuwo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Ungabona imihlaba emibili ephikisanayo, lapho isigaba sasemaphandleni kanye nabasebenzi bebhekene khona.. Kunezilungiselelo ezimbili ezimaphakathi: i-Puente Viveros kanye ne-Venta de Mauricio, futhi izehlakalo zenzeka kuzo cishe amahora ayishumi nesithupha agcina ngenhlekelele.
Iyini inhloso yenoveli ebonakala ilula kangaka?
Ngamagama abanzi kakhulu, uRafael Sánchez Ferlosio wabonakala efuna ukwenza kwaziwe futhi andise endleleni yokukhuluma iSpanishi ngawo-50. Izingxoxo nokusebenzelana phakathi kwabalingisi kuye kwanconywa abagxeki abakhethekile izikhathi eziningana.. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni umbhalo ufakwe ohlwini lwamanoveli aphambili ayi-100 eSpanishi ekhulwini lama-XNUMX ngokusho kuka. Umhlaba.
Enye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zemibhalo ukweqa, kanye I-Jarama ukuzuzile ngenxa isitayela sakhe esikhethekile sokungatsheli lutho, kodwa ukukhombisa yonke into ngezingxoxo. I-psychology yabalingiswa bayo iqondwa njengoba bekhuluma, futhi yilapho kanye lapho ubuhle bangempela balo msebenzi butholakala khona: endleleni abantu abakhuluma ngayo, ekukhulumeni kwabo ngabanye.
Isithombe samasiko abantu baseMadrid
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile izincwadi ezifuna ukuzigqamisa yi-dialectics, impi ephakathi kwemiqondo emibili ephikiswane ngokulingana. I-Jarama ithuthuka kulesi sidingo futhi isiyise endaweni ebucayi, ngoba Le noveli ibifuna ukubeka isibonelo maqondana nepolitiki yesikhathi sayo, indlela yokuphila yabantu, futhi, yebo, izindinganiso zabo namasiko.
Kungashiwo ukuthi, Uma okufunayo ukwazi iSpain ngawo-50, isikhathi sempi yangemva kwempi nokungalingani, udinga ukufunda I-Jarama. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma okufunayo kuyinganekwane enhle, mhlawumbe kungcono ukwenza ngaphandle kwale ncwadi, okungaphezu kokulandisa, kuwumdlalo wezinkulumo ngeSpanishi, ukuveza ukuthi zingakhiwa kanjani izingxoxo nemifanekiso.
Inoveli enamazwi amabili (noma amaningi)
I-Jarama Igxile ekwakhiweni kwezehlakalo ngokusekelwe ezingxoxweni zabalingiswa bayo, abambalwa. Abokuqala yizingane eziyishumi nanye ezigeza osebeni lomfula, kuyilapho bekhuluma ngamasudi abo nezingubo zokubhukuda, amahlaya abawenzayo, intukuthelo abayiphethe, ukudla, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingxoxo zabantu abadala ziyafundwa. Izindikimba zalokhu kokugcina, abaphathi bezokuthengisa, zigxile ekufikeni kwabantu kwamanye amazwe, emsebenzini, ezindlini, izinhlobo zezimoto abazisebenzisayo, nokunye. Okuhlangenwe nakho okungenacala kuyizaba eziphelele zokuthi u-Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio anikeze amandla obuhlakani bakhe bolimi, ngezincazelo ezinezinhlamvu zamazwe, nazo, izingathekiso zokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Jarama wephula isikhunta sesakhiwo sezincwadi ezivamile
Isizukulwane sama-50s sabonakala ngokusungula nokuhambisa izincwadi ezisekelweni ezivumela ukudlala okuningi ngamagama, nezimpande ezincane ekuqineni kwe-Garcilasism. Ngaleso sizathu, izimbongi futhi ababhali bangaleso sikhathi babaziwa nangokudala izincwadi ezikhuluma ngempi, inkathi yangemva kwempi, ukungalingani kwezenhlalo, ukucabanga kwabantu abavamile kanye nokuba sengozini kwezisebenzi.
Nakuba u-Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio ekhuluma ngalezi zihloko ngendlela ecashile, ugxila kakhulu ohlotsheni lwenselelo yokufunda ejabulisayo. Lapha, ubumnandi butholakala esibayeni sombhali, endleleni yakhe yokusebenzisa amagama futhi sigqamise isilulumagama sendabuko nenkulumo edumile, okuyinto, kubagxeki, eqhubeka nokuba yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenoveli.
Mayelana nombhali, u-Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio
URafael Sánchez Ferlosio wazalwa ngo-December 4, 1927, eRome, e-Italy. Indodana yomlobi uRafael Sánchez Mazas, wakhulela phakathi kwezigaba, okwamshukumisela ukuba funda i-Philology e-Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the University of Madrid, lapho aphinde wathola khona i-Ph.D. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe ubeyingxenye ye-Madrid Linguistic Circle kanye nabanye ababhali, abafana no-Agustín García Calvo noCarlos Piera.
Ngokufanayo, Wayengumsunguli kanye nomhlanganyeli we- Umagazini weSpanishi ekanye nomkakhe wokuqala, uMartín Gaite, ngaphezu kuka-Ignacio Aldecoa, Jesús Fernández Santos no-Alfonso Sastre. Bonke laba babhali babengabantwana be-neorealism yase-Italy, ababethula emisebenzini yabo bebodwa futhi ndawonye. Ngaphandle kwe I-Jarama y Alfanhui, URafael Sánchez Ferlosio waziwa kakhulu ngezindaba zakhe.
Eminye imibhalo kaRafael Sánchez Ferlosio
Novelas
- Izimboni nokuzidela kwase-Alfanhuí(1951);
- Ubufakazi bukaYarfoz(1986).
Izinganekwane
- “Amazinyo, isibhamu, February” (1961);
- "Futhi inhliziyo ifudumele" (1961);
- “Isivakashi Seqhwa” (1982);
- “Isihlangu sikaJothamu” (1983);
- “Isigcilikisha. Izindaba neziqephu (2005).
ama-eseyi
- I-Garden Weeks, ama-2 ama-vols (1974);
- Uma nje onkulunkulu bengashintshi, akukho okushintshile (1986);
- Campo de Marte 1. Ibutho Lesizwe (1986);
- Igundane ekhaya (1986);
- Izindatshana nezindatshana, ama-2 amavolumu (1992);
- Eminye iminyaka emibi izofika futhi izosenza sibe yizimpumputhe kakhulu (1993);
- Abangalungile bathuke uYndias (1994);
- umphefumulo namahloni (2000);
- Indodakazi yempi nomama wezwe (2002);
- Okungeyona i-olet (2003);
- Izicwebezelisi zaseCastilian nezinye izindatshana (2005);
- Mayelana nempi (2007);
- UNkulunkulu & Gun. amanothi e-polemology (2008);
- I-Guapo nama-isotopes akhe (2009);
- Uhlamvu nesiphetho. Izindatshana nezindatshana ezikhethiwe (2011);
- kwezinye izilwane (2019);
- Izingxoxo noFerlosio (2019);
- Iqiniso lasekhaya (2020);
- Ukuhlangana kwezinkunzi (2022);
- Izimbongolo ezigqoke ama-tracksuits (2023).