Charles Bukowski

UHenry Charles Bukowski, Omnci wayengumbhali ovelele waseGerman-American owazakhela udumo ngokuhlola kwakhe uhlangothi lweMelika "oluhle kancane". Ngokuqondile, iningi lezindaba zakhe ezimfushane, izinkondlo, namanoveli akhe zichaza impilo yansuku zonke yamakilasi acebile eLos Angeles.

Ngokufanayo, Imibhalo kaBukowski emifushane eqanjiwe ikhombisa ukuthanda kwakhe utshwala nokuziphatha okuphikisana nomphakathi. Kuzo wasebenzisa ulimi oluqondile nolungachazeki - ehlekisa nganoma yikuphi ukuhleleka kwezemfundo - ukuze akhombise ngokucacile ubuhlakani bakhe. Yingakho athola ubutha besigaba esihle sokugxekwa kwezincwadi zaseMelika.

Impilo kaCharles Bukowski

UHeinrich Karl Bukowski wazalelwa e-Andernach, eJalimane, ngo-Agasti 16, 1920. Umndeni wakhe wathuthela eLos Angeles eneminyaka emibili. Wayenobuntwana obunzima, njengoba ubaba wakhe ayehlala emphatha kabi ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuphimisela kwakhe kwaseJalimane, wayehlekiswa ngezinye izingane. Babevame ukumbiza ngokuthi "Heini" (okufushane ngegama lakhe).

Ukuqala kokuhlangana okude notshwala

Lapho efika ebusheni, uHeinrich wahlushwa umqubuko, okwaholela ekwenqatshweni kwamantombazane esikoleni afunda kuso. Ngalezi zizathu, Akumangalisi ukuthi eneminyaka engu-13 uBukowski osemusha waqala ukwelapha usizi ngeziphuzo ezidakayo. Lowo mkhuba waba "isiko" lakhe lokubhala. Emagameni akamuva ombhali uqobo, uthi: "Kwakuyimilingo, njengokuzibulala nokuzalwa kabusha nsuku zonke."

Okuhlangenwe nakho okunzima kweminyaka engamashumi amabili yokuqala yempilo kaBukowski kwakha isithombe sakhe esizimele futhi esonakele. Ngemuva kokuhlala isikhathi eside ezibhedlela ukwelapha ukuqubuka kwakhe, waqeda ukubhala kwakhe okokuqala ngo-1935. Le ndaba igxile kumshayeli wezindiza uBaron Manfred Von Richthofen, weMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Izifundo nemisebenzi yokuqala

Ngemuva kokuphasa isikole samabanga aphakeme eLos Angeles High School, uBukowski wafunda izifundo zobuntatheli eLos Angeles City College phakathi kuka-1937 no-1939. Ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, wathuthela eNew York. Wathatha amaphupho akhe okuba umbhali futhi waqala ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene emincane. Iminyaka elandelayo bachitha behamba, bephuza futhi bebhala "ekucwaswa kwemibhalo."

Ngo-1944 wavalelwa ePhiladelphia izinsuku eziyi-17. Ubesolwa yi-FBI ngokubalekela ukukhethwa kwebutho laseMelika. Kodwa-ke, kwathiwa kamuva akafaneleki ukuya empini ngenxa yezizathu ezingokwengqondo. Ngawo lowo nyaka wenza incwadi yakhe yokuqala kulo magazini Indaba, indaba emfushane «Ngemuva kweSlip Yokulahlwa Okude»(Ngemuva Kokwenqatshwa Yisilayidi Eside).

Buyela e-california

Ngo-1946, wakhipha enye indaba emfushane ngesandla sika Ukucindezela kwelanga elimnyama, "20 Siyabonga ngeKasseldown”. Kungekudala ngemuva kwalokho, UBukowski ubuyele eLos Angeles, edumele ngokuphelele ngentuthuko yakhe encane njengombhali, ngaleyo ndlela aqale isikhathi "seminyaka eyishumi yokudakwa". Kulesi sigaba akazange ashicilele, kepha wahlakulela ukuzishintsha ayekusebenzisa ezindabeni eziningi eziqanjiwe zakamuva: uHenry Chinaski.

Lemibhalo ifaka phakathi Ukulungiswa, ama-Ejaculations, Imibukiso kanye nezinganekwane ezijwayelekile zoMsangano Ojwayelekile (1972). Kuzo wakwenza kwacaca - ngokusho kwamazwi athile abucayi - indlela yakhe yokusebenzisa kabi abesifazane. UBukowski wayeka ukuphuza ngokweqile ngo-1955 ngenxa yesilonda esiswini, akuhumushe njengesibonakaliso sokubuyela ekubhaleni. Ngezinga elikhulu, wazinikela ezinkondlweni.

Umshado nokuthatha umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala

Phakathi kuka-1955 no-1958 wayeshade noBarbara Frye, ayehlala naye edolobheni elincane eTexas. Ngemuva kwesahlukaniso, uCharles wabuyela otshwaleni eCalifornia futhi waqhubeka nokubhala izinkondlo. Le mibhalo yaqala ukushicilelwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1950 kwabezindaba ezifana evamile (umagazini wobuciko we-avant-garde), I-Hearse Press's o The Outsider, phakathi kwabanye.

Ukuzinikezela okucacile kukaBukowski kweza ngo-1969 ngenxa yokuhlangana kwakhe noJohn Martin, umhleli odumile IBlack Sparrow Press. Ngenxa yalokho, uCharles wakwazi ukuzinikela ngokugcwele ezincwadini futhi ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yesibili - eposini, ikakhulukazi - ukuzondla. Kodwa-ke, udumo lwakhe lweqiniso lwatholakala eYurophu, hhayi emazweni aseNyakatho Melika.

Abesifazane empilweni kaBukowski

UBukowski wayehlala nesancinza noFrances Smith phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yama-60, ayenendodakazi yakhe (1964), uMarina Louise Bukowski. Ngalowo nyaka waphinde wethula ukwakheka okusha kwezinkondlo ezincane kuma-lithographs nezincwajana ezinesihloko esithi “Ibhokisi 1". Kwakuhlanganiswa okuncane okwakufaka izinkondlo ezidumile ezifana nokuthi “Iphepha ku- Floor"Futhi"Udoti basketball", phakathi kwabanye.

Ekupheleni kobudlelwano bakhe noSmith, wayesebudlelwaneni obuhlukahlukene bezothando. Phakathi kwabo, lowo ayenaye noLinda King, imbongi nombazi wezithombe. Labo ibhizinisi baphakele umnyombo wezinkondlo eziningi, eziningi nezindaba ezimfishane ezichazwe nguBukowski phakathi kweminyaka yama-60s kanye nama-70s. Ngokuqondile ngenxa yale mibhalo, umbhali waseGerman-American wabizwa ngokuthi "ungumuntu ocwasa ubulili".

Iminyaka edlule

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1970, uBukowski wajabulela idumela elibalulekile ezweni lakubo laseJalimane. Kamuva, Ngesikhathi sama-80s, umbhali waseNyakatho Melika wakhombisa ubuciko bakhe obuhlukahlukene ngokusebenzisana nokwandiswa kwamahlaya. Abesifazane ababaluleke kakhulu ezigabeni zokugcina zempilo kaBukowski kwakungu-Amber O'Neil (aka) noLinda Lee Beighle, abashada naye ngo-1985.

Ungathenga incwadi lapha: Umtfumbu

Ngo-1986, lo magazini Times imbize "umklomelo waseMelika wabaphansi." Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala wabhala amanoveli ayisithupha. Owesithupha -Umtfumbu- yanyatheliswa ngaphambi nje kokuba ashone ngoMashi 9, 1994, eSan Pedro, eCalifornia.

Umsebenzi kaBukowski

Amathonya nefa

UCharles Bukowski wakusho kaninginingi lokho amathonya akhe amakhulu emibhalweni kwaba: UJohn Fante, uFyodor Dostoevsky, u-Ernest Hemingway, uLouis-Ferdinand Céline, UKnut Hamsun, uRobinson Jeffers, uDH Lawrence, uHenry Miller, uDu Fu noLi Bai. Ngokufanayo, ukubaluleka kwayo kumasiko athandwayo aseMelika akunakuphikwa.

Akumangalisi ukuthi isibalo sikaBukowski nomsebenzi wakhe ukhonjisiwe ezinkulumweni ezahlukahlukene zobuciko (cinema, yaseshashalazini, umculo ...). Isibonelo, amaqembu omculo Red Hot Chili Peppers, Fall Out Boy y Izinkawu zase-Arctic. Ngokufanayo, Inoveli kaBukowski UHamu ku-Rye yenziwa ifilimu ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaJames Franco ngo-2013.

Izici zezinkondlo zikaBukowski

UBukowski usebenzise umlandisi womuntu wokuqala ngombono wokuzithoba ezinkondlweni zakhe. Ngokulinganayo, imibhalo yakhe iyisibonelo sakudala sesitayela sesimanjemanje, okungukuthi, izakhiwo ezingenamethrikhi noma imilolotelo echaziwe, ezingenazo izingathekiso. Manje, ezinkondlweni eziningi ubesebenzisa imibhalo ebhaliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wasebenzisa ukufana futhi, impela, nolimi olunokhahlo nolunenhlamba, olufana "nezwe eliphansi."

Lezi zici ziyaphatheka emgqeni olandelayo wenkondlo “ihhashi elingu-350 dollar nesifebe esiyikhulu lamadola"(Humushela ku" ihhashi elingu- $ 350 kanye nesifebe esingu- $ XNUMX): «ubheka futhi ubheka futhi ubheka futhi awukwazi ukukukholwa”… (“ Uyabheka futhi uyabukeka futhi uyabukeka futhi awukwazi ukukukholwa ”). Ngokwengeziwe, uBukowski usebenzise kakhulu lezi zinsiza ezilandelayo ezishiwo ngezansi:

• Izinsimbi.
• Izilungiselelo ezingakholeki noma ezigcwele usizi.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwabaphikisi nabaphikisi (noma ukuguqula ama-egos wabalingiswa abakhulu). Isibonelo, enkondlweni enesihloko esithi "About My Tortured Friend Peter", umphikisi nguPeter kanti umlingiswa ophambili ungumlandeli.
• Izingxabano eziyindida. Lokhu kubonakala enkondlweni eshiwo ephuzwini eledlule, lapho uPeter efisa ukuba nempilo enethezekile njengombhali. Kepha umbalisi ukubeka kucace ukuthi yinto engenakwenzeka ukuba nakho kokubili (bukhoma ngokubhala nokuba nenhlalakahle).
• Ubukhona noma ofakazi abavela emathunzini. Ezinkondlweni zakhe, ama-rapporteurs nabalingiswa bajwayele ukungcola kwezindawo ezinzima kakhulu nezinosizi kakhulu.
• Enkondlweni "ihhashi elingu-350 dollar nesifebe esiyikhulu lamadola”Intatheli iyakucacisa ukuthi akuyona imbongi. Ekugcineni, ushintsha inkulumo yakhe ngemuva kokulala nowesifazane, lapho embuza ukuthi wenzani.
• Enkondlweni ethi "Mayelana nomngani wami ohlushwayo, uPeter" umbalisi ubhekise "kumculo odabukisayo" ebhekisa ebukhuni bezimo.
• Kwesinye isikhathi, uBukowski wasebenzisa ukwenziwa komuntu, ihaba, ne-onomatopoeia ezinkondlweni zakhe.

Uhlu lwezinkondlo ezaziwa kakhulu zikaBukowski

• Imbali, Isibhakela, ne-Bestial Wail (1960).
• UCrucifix ku-Deathhand (1965).
• E-Terror Street nase-Agony Way (1968).
• Izinkondlo ezibhalwe ngaphambi kokuphuma ewindini lezindaba eziyi-8 (1968).
• I-Bukowski Sampler (1969).
• Izinsuku Zibaleka Njengamahhashi Asendle Ngaphezulu Kwamagquma (1969).
• Isiteshi somlilo (1970).
• I-Mockingbird Ingifisela Inhlanhla (1972).
• Ukushiswa Ngamanzi, Ukuminza Elangabini: Izinkondlo Ezikhethiwe 1955–1973 (1974).
• Mhlawumbe kusasa (1977).
• Uthando Luyinja Evela Esihogweni (1977).
• Ukulengiswa eTournefortia (1981).
• Impi Ngaso Sonke Isikhathi: Izinkondlo Zango-1981–1984 (1984).
• Uba Wedwa Kakhulu Ngezikhathi Lokho Kuvele Kwenze Umqondo (1986).
• AmaRoadinghouse Madrigals (1988).
• ISttuagenarian Stew: Izindaba Nezinkondlo (1990).
• Abantu izinkondlo (1991).
• Ubusuku Bokugcina Bomhlaba Izinkondlo (1992).
• Ukubheja kuMuse: Izinkondlo Nezindaba (1996).

Amanoveli kaBukowski

Ungathenga incwadi lapha: Abesifazane

Iningi labo likhuluma ngemikhuba yakhe yotshwala, ukuthanda kwakhe ukugembula, izikhathi zakhe zokungasebenzi, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene okwakumele ayenze nenqwaba yabathandi. Yize uBukowski naye ekwazile ukukhombisa uhlangothi olubucayi. Ngalesi sizathu akabanga nankinga yokungena ezingxoxweni zokulahleka, uthando, ubuqiniso, izincwadi, nomculo.

Uhlu lwamanoveli eBukowski

• Ehhovisi leposi (1971).
• I-Factotum (1975).
• Abesifazane (1978).
• UHamu ku-Rye (1982).
• Hollywood (1989).
• Umtfumbu (1994).

Uhlu lwezincwadi kanye namaqoqo eBukowski Short Story

• Ukuvuma Komuntu Okuhlanya Ngokwanele Ukuphila Nezilo (1965).
• Wonke ama-Assholes eMhlabeni naseMayini (1966).
• Amanothi Omuntu Omdala Ongcolile (1969).
• Ama-Erections, i-Ejaculations, Imibukiso, kanye Nezinganekwane Ezijwayelekile Zobuhlanya Obujwayelekile (1972).
• ENingizimu yeNo North (1973).
• Umculo Wamanzi Ashisayo (1983).
• Ngilethele uthando lwakho (1983).
• Izinganekwane Zobuhlanya Obujwayelekile (1983).
• Owesifazane Omuhle Kakhulu Edolobheni (1983).
• Iyazama (obhaliswe ngokubambisana noJack Micheline noCatfish McDaris) (1997).
• Izingxenye ezivela ku-Notebook enamabala ewayini: Izindaba ezimfishane nama-Essay (2008).
• Ukungabikho kweQhawe (2010).
• Amanothi amaningi endoda endala engcolile (2011).
• Ngokuphuza (2019).

Izincwadi zikaBukowski nezindaba ezingamanga

• UShakespeare Akakaze Akwenze Lokhu (1979).
• Izincwadi zeBukowski / Purdy (1983).
• Ukumemeza okuvela kuvulandi: Izinhlamvu ezikhethiwe (1993).
• Ukuphila Ngenhlanhla: Selected Letters, vol. ezimbili (1995).
• Ukaputeni Uphume Ukudla Kwasemini Nabasolwandle Sebewuthathile Umkhumbi (1998).
• Finyelela iLanga: Izinhlamvu ezikhethiwe, vol. 3 (1999).
• IBeerspit Night nokuqalekisa: I-Correspondence kaCharles Bukowski noSheri Martinelli (2001).
• Ukukhanya kwelanga ngilapha: Izingxoxo nokuhlangana, ngo-1963–1993 (2003).