Ziziphi izixhobo zoncwadi

Izixhobo zoncwadi okanye izafobe zibizwa ngokuba zezo ndlela zingaqhelekanga zokusebenzisa ulwimi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa ngababhali kwimisebenzi yabo yoncwadi ukubanika ukusebenza kakuhle kunye / okanye ubuhle. Sithetha ngokusetyenziswa okungaqhelekanga kwindlela yokwakha izivakalisi, kunye nefonetiki, i-semantic okanye i-grammatical peculiarities.

Izafobe zentetho, ngokwazo, ziyila kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhala kunye/okanye zokuvakalisa izimvo. Zichongwa ngokulula kuba ngazo ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kolwimi kuyatshintshwa. Ngapha koko, ababhali bazisebenzisa ukucanda isitayile sabo, ushicilelo lwabo ngexesha lokuqhuba umsebenzi wabo (concepto.de, 2022).

Ezi zezona zixhobo zoncwadi zisetyenziswa kakhulu

Izixhobo zesemantic zelexical

Uthelekiso okanye isifaniso:

zoba ungqamaniso phakathi kweekhonsepthi ezimbini ukusuka kwikhonkco legrama ye ukufana okucacileyo.

Umzekelo:

• "Uligwala njengempuku."

Isikweko:

Esi sixhobo soncwadi ichonga into yokwenyani nenye enemfano ngayo rhetorical:

Umzekelo:

• "Iinwele zakhe zegolide kunye nemilebe yomqhaphu."

Isibaxo:

Ku malunga intetho ebaxiweyo efuna ukwenza isaziso sombono:

Umzekelo:

• "Ngempumlo enkulu kangaka uya kukhupha iliso nabani na."

I-Metonymy:

Ifana kakhulu nesafobe. Kubandakanya ukutshintshiselana igama lento kwenye into efana nayo. Indlela esetyenziswa ngayo ixhomekeke ekuqhubekekeni kwayo. Idla ngokusetyenziswa kakhulu kulwimi oluthethwayo. Le yimizekelo:

• Isiqulatho ngokomxholo: "Ngaba ufuna iglasi yewayini ebomvu?";
• Isixhobo ngumculi: "Bayenza iMozart ukusuka ebusuku kude kuse";
• Ikhonkrithi ye-abstract (okanye ngokuphambeneyo): “Unesandla esibi njengentloko embi”;
• Indawo ngokwento eyivelisayo: "Izolo bendinezibuko, eyona ilungileyo";
• Umntu ngento ayivelisayo: “Ndithenge iDa Vinci ngamawaka eedola. Ndicinga ukuba ndiqhathiwe."

Epithet:

Bubutyebi ukuba ukwandisa okanye ukukrwelela uphawu lwesibizo esihamba kunye nalo ngaphandle kokutshintsha intsingiselo yayo.

Umzekelo:

• "Amalangatye avuthayo elanga eliqaqambileyo."

Hyperbaton:

Lo vimba wobuciko udla ngokusetyenziswa kumxholo wesihobe. Kungokutshintshisa isivakalisi sesivakalisi ukumisela ugxininiso kumbono.

U mzekelo:

• "Ndiyambulela uThixo ngokusikhupha engxakini";

• Iinkonjane ezimnyama ziya kubuya

iindlwane zabo zokuxhoma kwibalcony yakho” (Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer).

Umfanekiso:

Lo mfanekiso woncwadi ufuna ukuyila imifanekiso yengqondo okanye iisimboli ngamagama. Yenzelwe ukuba umfundi abe nomfanekiso ngqondweni wento ofuna ukuyidlulisela.

U mzekelo:

• “Ndiyincwadi evuliweyo”;
• "Ukhusela usapho lwakhe njengenja enoburhalarhume."

Ukuncinwa okanye umbuzo buciko:

Lo mthombo uthandwa kakhulu. Lo ngumbuzo ongalindelanga ukuba uphendulwe.

U mzekelo:

• “Kufuneka ndikuxelele kangaphi ukuba wenze umsebenzi wakho wasekhaya?”;
• Koda kube nini na olu vavanyo, Nkosi?

Isigqebelo:

Isetyenziselwa ukuvakalisa ingcamango efuna ukubhekisela kwisilathisi esahlukileyo.

U mzekelo:

• “Ndiyakuthanda ukugcina kwakho ixesha! (ufika emva kwexesha)";
• "Ibhasi yaphinda yandishiya! Kodwa yeka ithamsanqa lam!"

litote:

Yintetho apho oko kujongwe ukuba kungqinelwe kukhanyelwa.

Umzekelo:

• “Akufunekanga ube kude kakhulu (kukufutshane)”;

• “Iphupha elingaphuphiyo,

Ndifuna usuku olusulungekileyo, olumnandi, olukhululekileyo;

Andifuni kubona iintshiyi

kunzima kakhulu

lowo igazi lakhe liphakamisa okanye imali”.

(UFray Luis de Leon, wakhe Ode I)

Uchaso:

qhagamshela iikhonsepthi ezimbini ezichaseneyo ngaphandle kokuziphikisa ukuze kugxininiswe ingcamango.

U mzekelo:

• "Uthando lufutshane kwaye ukulibala ixesha elide" (Pablo Neruda);
• "Inyathelo elincinci lomntu, kodwa elinye inyathelo elikhulu lomntu" (Neil Armstrong).

I-Apostrophe:

Imalunga nokuphazamisa incoko yababini, ibali okanye intetho ngendlela erhabaxa, ukuze kubizwe isimntwiso, nokuba sisentelekelelweni okanye sokwenyani.

Umzekelo:

“Owu amafu amnyama alusizi

unamandla kangakanani na, ndikhuphe kobu buhlungu

Undise enzonzobileni

ukusuka elwandle ukuya apho uya khona!”

(UGil Vicente, Comedy kaRuben).

I-Synesthesia:

isikhumbuzo soncwadi apho izivamvo zomzimba ziyadibana ukuze zenze intetho.

U mzekelo:

• "Amazwi akho amnandi ayonwabisa intliziyo yam";
• "Oku kulibala kuyakrakra, njengoko ubomi bomfuduki bukrakra."

Izixhobo zoncwadi lwezandi

Ulungelelwaniso:

Ukwakhiwa kwesivakalisi apho uphinda-phindo lwesandi esifanayo kusetyenziswa ngendlela eqingqwe kwangaphambili. Iqhelekile kumaqashiso, izicengcelezo kunye nabajija ulwimi.

Umzekelo:

• "Amahlosi amathathu alusizi aginya ingqolowa kwintsimi yengqolowa" (i-twister yolwimi oludumileyo)".

I-onomatopoeia:

Amagama anefonetiki efana naleyo ayimeleyo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kulwimi oluthethwayo.

Umzekelo:

• "I-tick-tock yewotshi yayingexesha kunye ne-woof-woof yezinja."

IParanomasia:

ihambelana ne ukusetyenziswa kwamagama afanayo aneentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kwisivakalisi esinye. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimvano-siphelo, kwimibongo nakwizaci ezidumileyo.

Umzekelo:

• "I-hedgehog i-iridescent, i-bristles, i-curls ngokuhleka" (Octavio Paz).

izixhobo zoncwadi zemorphosyntactic okanye zegrama

IPolysyndeton:

Ukusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwezihlanganisi esinika amandla amakhulu kwisivakalisi.

Umzekelo:

• "Intsasa ethambileyo kunye nentsha kwaye imnandi kunye ne-harmonic yasentwasahlobo, nangona ikude, yabonwa ukuba ifike kwaye ihambe kuhlaza lwamandulo lwemithi ethembekileyo neshushu kunye nemithi emininzi yegadi."

I-Epanadiplosis:

Kungokuphindaphinda igama elinye okanye amaninzi ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kokuqulunqwa kwesivakalisi.

Umzekelo:

• "Ukuthula ebusuku, ukuthula okubuhlungu / ebusuku ... (Rubén Darío, Nocturne).

I-Epiphora:

Isebenza ngokufana kakhulu naleyo yangaphambili. Umahluko kukuba yenziwe Uphinda-phindo lwegama elinye okanye angaphezulu kuphela ekupheleni kwesivakalisi.

Umzekelo:

• "Isidlo sangokuhlwa sasilungiselelwe ngabo bonke abatyayo, baxutywe ngabo bonke abatyayo, kwaye bagxekwa ngabo bonke abatyayo."

Ukukhutshwa:

Sisixhobo soncwadi Idalwe ngokuvela kwimvelaphi yamagama anengcambu efanayo (unir.net, 2022).

Umzekelo:

• "Ekuseni ekuseni wavuka ekuseni" (Miguel Hernández).

Ukudityaniswa:

Ibandakanya ukuphindaphinda igama elinye okanye angaphezulu avela ekupheleni kwesivakalisi ukuyidibanisa nesiqalo sesivakalisi esilandelayo.

Umzekelo:

"Kwaye kanye njengoko ikati ihlala ithi emva kwexesha elithile,

impuku entanjeni,

intambo entongeni,

i-muleteer wanika uSancho,

Sancho kwintombazana,

intombazana kuye,

umgcini wendlu yabahambi entombini”

(Miguel de Cervantes).

Anadiplosis:

Esi sixhobo buciko imalunga nokuqalisa isivakalisi ngamagama afanayo nesiphela ngawo isivakalisi sangaphambili (Wikipedia, 2022).

Umzekelo:

“Umphefumlo kaBlancaflor;

amanxeba adada emlanjeni;

kumlambo wothando

(Oscar Hahn, inkulungwane yama-XNUMX).

Anaphora:

Ukusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwegama elinye okanye ngaphezulu ekuqaleni kwesivakalisi okanye kwivesi. Idla ngokusetyenziswa kwintetho, kwaye inenjongo yokugxininisa into esele ithethiwe.

Umzekelo:

"Kukho ukuncamisa okuthe cwaka, ukwangiwa okuhle

kukho ukwanga okungakholelekiyo, okunyanisekileyo

Kukho ukwanga okunikwa kuphela yimiphefumlo

kukho ukwanga okwalelweyo, okuyinyaniso”.

(UGabriela Mistral)

Ezinye izixhobo zoncwadi ezikhoyo zezi zilandelayo

• Ukufakelwa kwamalungu;
• Ungqamaniso;
• Ukufinyeza;
• IMetathesis;
• i-Ablaut;
• Ukunxulunyaniswa;
• Ellipse;
• ulungelelwaniso;
• Qwalasela;
• i-epiphoneme
• I-Paradox;
• i-oxymoron;
• Etopeia;
• Uluhlu lweziganeko;
• IParalipsis.