Yintoni ihaikus?
Uncwadi lwaseJapan lunike ihlabathi ezinye zezona zibhalo zintle kwaye zinika umdla ezibhaliweyo, hayi ngelize, eli lizwe linabaphumelele iBhaso leNobel ababini ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Bephenjelelwa kakhulu yinkcubeko yamaTshayina-ukongeza kwinkcubeko yabo, inkolo kunye nendalo yendalo - amaJapan aqala ukubhala ubukho babo ngokusebenzisa kojiki okanye iinkumbulo.
Ukusukela ukwamkelwa kwe kanji -eyabhalwa ngaphambi kowama-538-uthotho lweemeko zezopolitiko nezentlalo ezenzekayo ezazikhuthaza ukuvela kobugcisa, imidlalo yeqonga kunye nemibongo, kwaqala imbonakalo yobugcisa. Kwakunje, Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-17, imonki engumBhuda ogama linguMatsuo Bashō yangena kwindawo ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba. haiku.
Yintoni ihaikus?
I-haiku okanye i-haiku isimbo sombongo waseJapan. Ibonakala ngobufutshane bayo, ineevesi ezintathu kuphela ezinamalungu amahlanu, isixhenxe kunye nesihlanu., ngokulandelelanayo. AmaJapani adla ngokubhekisa kwiyunithi yokwahlula kweelwimi njenge “moras”, emele uluhlu olusezantsi kunesilabhili sele sikhankanyiwe ngasentla, ngoko ke ihaiku – kwiphonology yesiJapani – inokwenziwa ngo-16, 17 okanye 23 moras.
I-Haiku inxulumene neTaoism kunye neZen. Nangona kunjalo, imvelaphi yayo indala kakhulu. Sele kwinkulungwane yesi-8, i Man'yoshū, incwadi yakudala ebhentsise isiseko esisisiseko sesi simbo sombongo, ukuqala ngexabiso elingaphakathi kwindalo, kungekhona njengesafobe seemvakalelo zomntu, kodwa ukumangaliswa kwakhe kuko.
Iincwadi ezi-5 zehaiku ekufuneka zifundwe
Ukongeza ekuvezeni imixholo efana nokuqala kwamaxesha onyaka okanye ukucinga ngobume belizwe, kulungiselelo lwehaiku kulindeleke ukuba kubekho hayi -okanye ihaikist, ngeSpanishi- ithotywe ngasemva, ukuba i-ego yakhe ayiqhubeki inikezela Uyazi, esona singqongqo nesibonakalisayo ngoku. Ukunika ingcamango ebanzi, nazi iincwadi ezi-5 ezicetyiswayo zehaiku.
Ingcwaba elijonge emanzini (2021)
Le ncwadi ine-haikus ezili-130 ezithathwe kwincwadi ebanzi yemonki ejikelezayo kunye nombhali waseJapan uTaneda Santôka (1882-1940), umdali wemibongo engaphezu kwama-8.400. Umqulu waguqulelwa kwisiSpanish ngokusuka ngqo kwisiJapan nguFrancisco Ramos noHaruka Ôta. Kolu luhlu lunamaphepha ali-152, kuxelwa ukuba nasiphi na isiganeko sifanele a haiku, kwaye obu bubugcisa obungashiywanga ngasemva.
Imonki ehamba ze (2006)
UTaneda Santôka uvela kwakhona kolu luhlu. Le ncwadi ibandakanya Iihaiku ezili-100 ezithetha ngezihloko ezahlukahlukeneyo nezintsokothileyo njengokusela utywala nentlupheko. Njengoko umntu eqhubela phambili ekuyifundeni, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane umbhali ehamba ze ngokupheleleyo, emzimbeni nangomphefumlo. USantôka ngomnye weembongi ezimbalwa eziye zaphuma kwimigangatho engqongqo yoncwadi lwaseJapan kwaye yoyisa kule nkqubo.
haiku (2023)
U-Kobayashi Issa (1763-1827) uthathwa njengenye yeembongi ezine ezinkulu zaseJapan, kwaye uthandwa kakhulu kwilizwe lakhe. Kolu qulunqo, imibongo engama-75 yantlandlolo iqokelelwe, kunye neminye emininzi ngababhali abafana noYosa Buson noMasaoka Shiki.. Isicatshulwa kwakhona siqala i Iprojekthi kaBuddha, eyengqokelela Isiphumo se-nirvana, enenjongo yokuphembelela abafundi ngokomoya.
amazwi okukhanya (2009)
Ukongeza kuMatsuo Bashō, bekukho omnye umbhali obizwa ngonjingalwazi “njengoyise wehaiku”, kwaye lo asinguye omnye ngaphandle kuka-Ueshima Onitsura (1661-1738). Umsebenzi, uhlelo lokuqala ngaphandle kwemida yaseJapan, yaguqulelwa nguVicente Haya esebenzisana noNjingalwazi Yoshihiko Uchida noAkiko Yamada. Oku kubonisa imibongo yombhali engama-90 eyona ifanelekileyo.
Haiku-dô, haiku njengendlela yokomoya (2008)
UVicente Haya kuphela kwembongi kolu luhlu engengomJapani. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwakhe kunye nemisebenzi yakhe ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni i-haiku yaseNtshona kangangokuba igama lakhe alinakungabikho kwinqaku. Ngaloo ndlela, incwadi yakhe ibonisa Iihaiku ezingama-70 ezidibanisa isimbo sombongo kunye nophendlo lwasemoyeni oluntsonkothileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, isiqwenga ngasinye siphathwa njengemfihlelo ekufuneka isonjululwe.
Iimbongi ezi-5 ezinkulu zaseJapan
Matsuo Bashō
UMatsuo Kinsaku wazalwa ngoNovemba 28, 1694. Uchazwa njengenye yeembongi ezibalulekileyo zexesha le-Edo, kunye nenye yeenkosi ezine zehaiku. Waqala ukuphuhlisa imibongo kwasebuntwaneni, kamva wazibonakalisa njengomntu odumileyo, kangangokuba imibhalo yakhe yakwazi ukuhombisa izikhumbuzo kunye neendawo zikawonke-wonke. EJapan.
Yosa buson
Wazalelwa uTaniguchi Buson ngoJanuwari 16 okanye 17, 1784. Waziwa ngokuba yenye yeencutshe zehaiku, kunye nomzobi odumileyo we Bunjinga. Ebudeni bobutsha bakhe wafudukela e-Edo ukuya kufunda ngemibongo yaseJapan eqeqeshwa ngumfundisi-ntsapho uHayano Haijin. Emva kokufa komcebisi wakhe, wagqiba ekubeni aye emantla eHonshū. Kulapho bafumanisa khona imbonakalo-mhlaba yendalo eyabakhuthaza ukuba babhale. Idayari yokuHamba kaBashō Oku no Hosomichi.
UKobayashi issa
Lo mbhali wazalwa ngoJanuwari 5, 1827. Waphila njengomntwana oxhatshaziweyo ngexesha lobuncinci bakhe, emva kokuba uyise ephinde watshata emva kokusweleka kukanina. Xa umbhali wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesine ubudala waya e-Edo—ngoku eyiTokyo—apho waqala ukusebenza kwitempile yamaBhuda., ngelixa uqhelisela isimbo sehaiku sobubongo noMizoguchi Sogan noNorokuan Chikua.
Masaoka shiki
Wayeyimbongi, umgxeki woncwadi kunye nentatheli yexesha leMeiji. Uzalwe phantsi kwegama elithi Masaoka Tsunenori, uvala iqela lababhali abane behaiku. Ngexesha lomsebenzi wakhe wokubhala wabhala izincoko kunye nedayari, apho washiya izimvo zakhe ezinamandla malunga nesimbo sabanye ababhali kunye neengxaki ezahlukeneyo zobukho. Ihaiku zakhe ezidumileyo zi jisei awayidalayo ngaphambi kokuba afe.
Taneda Santoka
Wazalwa ngoDisemba 3, 1882, kwaye Ukhunjulwa kakhulu nge-freestyle ekhuthazayo eyayithandwa yihaiku yakhe. Njengomntwana, wabona umama wakhe ekhutshwa ngaphandle kwentsapho emva kokuzibulala. Lo mbono waphawula ngonaphakade ubudlelwane bakhe nabasetyhini. Umhlohli wakhe yayinguOgiwara Seisensui, umhlaziyi we-haiku yesintu, ekuthiwa uSantôka wafunda kuye ngeprozi.