UGabriel Garcia Marquez.
Umsebenzi woncwadi kaGabriel García Márquez uzaliswe ziincwadi ezingafiyo ezamenza waphumelela iBhaso likaNobel loncwadi ngowe-1982. Enye yezona ncwadi zakhe zibalaseleyo yi. Uthando ngamaxesha ekholera (1985), isakhiwo sakhe, ngokwamazwi ombhali omtsha waseGranadan, "ngokoqobo i-soap opera". Oku kungenxa yecebo "elide kakhulu, elinzima kakhulu kwaye lizele ziindawo eziqhelekileyo".
nayo, "Gabo" -igama lesiqhulo lombhali waseColombia- walatha ku Madam Bovary (1856) nguGustave Flaubert njengempembelelo yokumisela ukucaciswa kwale noveli.. Ngokunjalo, uMárquez uthathe izinto ezininzi kubudlelwane babazali bakhe ukuhlanganisa eli bali. Isiphumo sisinikelo esiphakamileyo kuthando olungafiyo, i-adventure kunye nokufa.
Uhlalutyo Uthando ngamaxesha ekholera
isakhelo sembali
Nangona kungekho zimbekiselo ezicacileyo zeminyaka egutyungelwe yile noveli, kukho iinyani ezininzi zembali ezivumela ukuyicwangcisa. Ngokomzekelo, umtshato phakathi kukaFermina Daza kunye noGqirha Juvenal Urbino wayenogqirha uRafael Núñez (1825-1894) njengothixo. Lo mva waba ngumongameli waseColombia ngamaxesha amathathu ahlukeneyo phakathi ko-1880 no-1887.
Ezinye iziganeko zembali zibaliswa
- Amabali kaHoffman, iopera yaboniswa okokuqala eParis ngoFebruwari 10, 1881
- Ukungqingwa kweCartagena kukhokelwa ngujikelele otyhiliweyo uRicardo Gaitán Obeso (1885)
- UMongameli waseColombia uMarco Fidel Suárez uvela (wayebambe isikhundla phakathi ko-1918 no-1921)
- Ibhekisa kumyalelo ka-Enrique Olaya Herrera, usopolitiki okhululekileyo owayechophele ilizwe lekofu phakathi ko-1930 no-1934.
Iziganeko zokwenyani ezichazwe kule noveli
UFermina, uFlorentino kunye noGqr. Urbino ngabalinganiswa abayintsomi ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi izenzo zakhe zenzeka ebomini bokwenene. Ngokumalunga nokuqala kothando lwabazali bakhe, uGarcía Márquez wachaza: "Imicimbi yothando kaFlorentino Ariza kunye noFermina Daza, ndingonwabanga kwiminyaka yokuqala, ziyikopi eqhelekileyo, umzuzu nomzuzu, ngothando lwabazali bam".
Obona balinganiswa
Fermina Daza
Umfazi onekratshi othanda ukungxama kunye nesimilo esinamandla. Phezu kwayo nje le ngqondo yakhe inemvukelo, emazantsi entliziyo yakhe udla ngokuziva engaqinisekanga ngesiqu sakhe.. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, usebenzisa umsindo ukuba angoyiki. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ekugqibeleni uyanikezela kwiminqweno yentsapho yakhe, aphelise ulwalamano lwabo nothando lokwenene—uFlorentino—kwaye uyavuma ukutshata noGqr Urbino.
UFlorentino Ariza
Usomashishini onemvelaphi ethobekileyo enesipho sembongi ethandana kakhulu noFermina, lowo ufunga kuye ukuthembeka ngonaphakade. Ukuze anxibelelane nesithandwa sakhe, unoncedo lukaEscolástica, umakazi weli bhinqa liselula. Uyakwazi ukusigcina isithembiso sakhe kangangexesha elithile, kodwa emva kokuba ephulukene nobunyulu bakhe kumntu angamaziyo ekhwele inqanawa, uba ngumthandi wamabhinqa osele ekhulile.
Urbino Juvenal
Umyeni kaFermina nogqirha ozinikele ekupheliseni ikholera ebantwini bakowabo. Uyindoda ethandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuzinikela kwakhe kwabanye. Noko ke, ugqirha akathanga tye njengoko bonke abantu belali becinga, ekubeni ekrexeza nesinye sezigulana zakhe (uBárbara Lynch).
Isiqendu
Esona sicwangciso siphambili sale noveli kunxweme lweCaribbean yaseColombia, ngokukodwa ngeenxa zonke Cartagena. Pha, UFlorentino noFermina bathandana besebancinci kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, le ntombazana igqiba ukutshata noDkt Juvenal Urbino, insizwa efunwa kakhulu ngabasetyhini abangatshatanga bedolophu kwaye ilungelelanise ngakumbi kwizenzo zikaLorenzo Daza, uyise kaFermina.
UGabriel Garcia Marquez Caphula
Ngenxa yale meko, UFlorentino ugqiba kwelokuba alinde iminyaka engama-50 de kufe ugqirha. Emva kokushiywa nguye, i-protagonist iba ngumnini (kunye nabazalwana bakhe) yenkampani yomlambo ukuze inyuke ngokwentlalo. Phakathi kobugwenxa bakhe, ulala nabafazi abangaphezu kwekhulu, kodwa akaze akwazi ukulibala uFermina; hayi nesiqingatha senkulungwane kamva.
Ibali lothando kunye nokuhambelana kwangoku
Ukupapashwa kunye nokuthengisa
Uhlelo lokuqala lwe Uthando ngamaxesha ekholera yakhululwa ngoDisemba 5, 1985. Ngelo xesha, kwakusele kudlule iminyaka emibini uGabriel García Márquez efumene iBhaso leNobel Loncwadi. Incwadi ithumele amanani alungileyo okuthengisa kwaye iguqulelwe kwisiqingatha seelwimi ezilishumi elinambini ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ukongeza, isihloko safumana amabhaso amaninzi, kuquka:
- eyona ncwadi yefiction Los Angeles Times (eUnited States, ngo-1988)
- Ibhaso likaGutenberg, eyona noveli yangaphandle (eFransi, ngo-1989).
Sele kumaxesha amva nje, umshicileli wePenguin Random House uxele ukuba intengiso yesihloko inyuke kakhulu ukusukela oko kwavela ubhubhane we-Covid-19. Malunga, UCristóbal Pera umlawuli weVintage Spanish -inkxaso yePenguin Random House- uye wathi: "ezantsi ezantsi, ithetha ngothando oloyisa ikholera, ubhubhane, kwaye inika ithemba elininzi" (Ixesha, 2020).
Ukuziqhelanisa nescreen esikhulu
Uthando Ngexesha leCholera (2007) yayiyifilimu yokuqala yokulungiswa kwesihloko seGarcía Márquez esenziwe yi-studio yaseHollywood. Kuyo, i-protagonists idlalwe nguGiovanna Mezzogiorno Kwindima ye UFermina, Javier Bardem njengoko Florentino Ariza kunye UBenjamin bratt emele i uGqr urbino, phantsi kolawulo lukaMike Newell.
Sobre el autor
Unyana kaGabriel Eligio García kunye noLuisa Santiaga Márquez Iguarán, UGabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez wazalwa ngoMatshi 6, 1927, eAracataca., Magdalena, Colombia. Inkcaso kayise kaLuisa, uColonel Nicolás Ricardo Márquez Mejía (owathi umbhali wexesha elizayo wachitha naye ebuntwaneni bakhe), kulwalamano lwabazali bakhe luya kubonakaliswa Uthando ngamaxesha ekholera.
Ukongeza, i UColonel waphembelela "uGabito" ngamabali akhe malunga nokufa kunye neziganeko ezifana nokuBulala kwamasimi ebhanana (1928). Kwesi siganeko sikhankanywe ngasentla, malunga ne-1800 labasebenzi ababegwayimbile abavela kwiNkampani ye-United Fruit yase-United States babulawa ngumkhosi wase-Colombia. Le ntlekele yabanjwa nguGarcía Márquez kwinoveli yakhe yokungcwalisa, Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa.
Umsebenzi woncwadi
Ukukhutshwa kokuqala koncwadi lukaGabo kwangqamana nokuqala komsebenzi wakhe wobuntatheli kwi Umbukeli yaseColombia ngowe-1947. Ngokunjalo, iphephandaba elikhankanywe ngasentla lapapasha yonke indalo kaGarcía Márquez de kwangowe-1952. Ngobuntatheli—kunye nokudalwa kweenoveli—, uGarcía Márquez wayenenjongo yokudala uluntu olunobulungisa.
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesiqingatha emva kokuba ivelisiwe yathengiswa Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa (1967) eBuenos Aires; okunye yimbali. Kude kube sekufeni kwakhe ngo-Epreli 17, 2014 eMexico, umbhali waseNew Granada wapapasha iinoveli ezilishumi elinambini., amabali amane, amabali amathathu angeyonyani, imibhalo yeentatheli ezilishumi elinesixhenxe, umdlalo kunye neetekisi ezininzi, ezibandakanya iinkumbulo, iintetho kunye neendibano zocweyo zefilimu.
Iinoveli zikaGabriel Garcia Marquez
- Inkunkuma (1955)
- I-colonel ayinabani wokumbhalela (1961)
- Ixesha elibi (1962)
- Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa (1967)
- Ukwindla koBhishophu omkhulu (1975)
- Ingxelo yokufa eyaxelwa kwangaphambili (1981)
- Uthando ngamaxesha ekholera (1985)
- Injengele kwilabyrinth yakhe (1989)
- Uthando kunye nezinye iidemon (1994)
- Iinkumbulo zamahenyukazi am alusizi (2004).