Usodolophu waseZalamea.
Usodolophu waseZalamea kunye, kunye Ubomi liphupha, Oyena mfuziselo uyilayo UPedro Calderon de la Barca. Umbhali wemidlalo waseSpain ungomnye wabameli abaphambili baroqueism, umsebenzi wabo ngowoko kubizwa ngokuba yiGolden Age.Yamkelwa ngababhali-mbali njengowona mzuzu wobungangamsha boncwadi kulwimi lwaseSpain.
Eli xesha lobabalo belithathe ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane. Iqale kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ngokuhambelana nokufika kukaColumbus ukuya kwimimandla yaseMelika. Ngokuchanekileyo ukusweleka kwalo mbhali- okwenzeka ngo-1861-kwaphawula ukuphela kwexesha.. Phakathi kwale mihla mibini umhlaba wadibana nezakudala zesigaba Don Quixote NguMiguel de Cervantes xa sinolwazi.
Sobre el autor
Ngokomlobi ngokwakhe ngaphambi nje kokuba asweleke, Kwakukho iziqwenga zomdlalo weqonga ezimalunga ne-110 awazibhalayo ebomini bakhe. Ukongeza kwiidrama kunye nezihlekisayo- "ii-subgenres" zayo Usodolophu waseZalamea- Uluhlu lubandakanya iimoto zesigramente, kunye neziqwenga zemidlalo yeqonga emifutshane (imidaniso, iihors d'oeuvres, iJácaras kunye nee-mojigangas)
Usodolophu waseZalamea, "Ingcebiso"?
Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo
Ewe, ngonyaka eli qhekeza labhalwa (1635, phantse) igama elithi "remake" yayikude ukusuka ekusekweni. Kuncinci eSpain. Kodwa Ngokwendlela ebonakalayo, le yinto kanye eyenzekileyo nge Usodolophu waseZalamea.
ICalderón de la Barca Iqala kwimpikiswano eqhelekileyo yexesha kwaye inike eyayo inguqulelo. Ude aqhubele phambili: uthatha umdlalo ngegama elifanayo nguLope de Vega, acokise iivesi, eqe ezinye izigcawu ezingabalulekanga kwaye ongeze ukuvalwa okuqinisekileyo.
Impikiswano, kunye nebali lengqina
Umsebenzi wenzeka ngaphakathi kwimeko yokwenyani, ke ngoko, Abalinganiswa abahlukeneyo bembali bathatha inxaxheba kumxholo webali. Abalinganiswa ababandakanyeka kwimigca yamabali ngamanyeOko kukuthi, ngeziganeko ezithile eziyinxalenye ye "sub-plots". Yeyiphi, ezazisaziwa ngokubanzi ngabaphulaphuli bendibano zokuqala ngekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe.
Iindawo zokujika ngaphakathi kwebali
Unyaka ka-1580. UKumkani u-Felipe II wase-Spain, -ngumntu olumke kakhulu, ngokoluvo lwabantu bakhe- uya ePortugal ayokuthweswa isithsaba sokuba ngukumkani weso sizwe. Ukusweleka kukaSebastián I (1578) kunye nalowo wangena ezihlangwini zakhe, u-Enrique I (1580), walishiya eli lizwe lingene kwiingxaki ezilandelelanayo.. Phambi konyulo lwendlalifa ziinkundla zamaPhuthukezi, umlawuli waseSpain wabanga itrone.
Ngokuchanekileyo embindini wokudluliselwa kwakhe eLisbon ukuze abekwe isithsaba, imikhosi yakhe yamisa eZalamea. Idolophu e-Extremadura, kufutshane kakhulu nomda womda. Apho, uKapteni Don Álvaro de Ataide ufumana indawo yokuhlala kwindlu kaPedro Crespo, oyena mntu usisityebi kule ndawo. Ukucaciswa okubalulekileyo: "villain" kuba yindoda evela kwilali, hayi kuba engumntu onobundlongondlongo.
Indawo yokuqala yokujika
Ijoni lithandana noIsabel, intombi yomnini wendlu ahlala kuyo kwaye uxela uthando lwakhe ngaye. Ukanti uyamlahla. Ejongene nokwaliwa, uDon Álvaro ubamba intombi kwaye uyicaphukisa (Ezi ndidi zeziqendu zaziqhelekile ngeli xesha. Ngenxa yoko, uFelipe II ngokwakhe wakhupha umthetho owawuthintela amalungu omkhosi wakhe ukuba aphathe gadalala abantu basetyhini, phantsi kwesoyikiso sokudutyulwa).
UPedro Calderon de la Barca.
UCrespo, akuva ukuba kwenzeke ntoni, ucenga umphathi ukuba atshate intombi yakhe. Oku akupheleli nje ekucoceni igama likaIsabel; Ngapha koko, umfama osisityebi unqwenela ukubuyisa imbeko yakhe. Phakathi kwesicelo, uthembisa ukugqithisela yonke impahla yakhe - inkulu kakhulu - ngubani oza kuba ngumkhwenyana wakhe. Kodwa isithembiso asamkelwa ngokucekiswa, kuba uDon Álvaro yindoda yasemkhosini ebekekileyo.
Ukunyuka okutsha
UDon Álvaro uyithatha njengento encinci ukuba yinkosi yepropathi yabalimi. Ngaphezu koko, ugcina uluvo olufanayo ngokunxulumene nentombazana ecaphuke yedwa. Kodwa kungekudala emva koko UCrespo wonyulwa njengoSodolophu waseZalamea. Ukuzikhusela kwisikhundla sakhe esitsha, ugqiba ekubeni athathe ubulungisa ezandleni zakhe; iyalela ukubanjwa kwangoko komphathi kunye nokubulawa kwakhe.
Isisombululo sokugqibela
Usodolophu wasekuhlaleni akanamthetho kwezomkhosi. Ngenxa yoko, amalungiselelo kaCastro, ithiyori, ayikho mthethweni. Ukunyanzelwa kukasodolophu ukuba kunyanzelise isigwebo sakhe, kuvelisa ukungqubana nobunkokheli bomkhosi wasebukhosini oko kubeka ukuthembeka kwesixeko emngciphekweni. Kodwa xa yonke into ibonakala ilahlekile, uFelipe II wenza ukubonakala kwaye athathe amanyathelo ngalo mbandela.
Inkosi, nangona ingqina ukuba uCastro wayengalunganga kwiifom zakhe, uyavumelana naye. Uyasiqinisekisa isigwebo ngaphambi kokuba anikezelwe, UDon Álvaro de Ataide ubulawa kunye neeklabhu. Akumangalisi ukuba esinye sezihloko zalo msebenzi sichanekile Eyona klabhu inikwe kakuhle.
Ixhoba kunye necala
Ngaphandle kwesigwebo esifunyenwe ngumdlwenguli, u-Isabel oselula naye ufumana isohlwayo. Uthunyelwa ukuba achithe bonke ubomi bakhe avalelwe kwikhaya loonongendi. Isizathu esisisiseko sesigqibo ngutata (ofumene itayitile kasodolophu ongapheliyo kukumkani). Kungoko kuphela apho aya kuthi abone imbeko yakhe kunye neyosapho lwakhe ibuyiselwe.
Intetho phakathi kwemigca
Ibinzana nguPedro Calderon de la Barca.
USodolophu waseZalamea ufeze into ebonakalayo engenakwenzeka kubabhali bemidlalo ngelo xesha: ukushiya izidwangube zonwabile kwaye zinelisekile, Njengabalimi. Iziza zichasene ngokukrakra eSpain ukusukela ngaphambi kwamaXesha Aphakathi. Kwangokunjalo, amagcisa adumileyo kunye neengqondi zelo xesha azange oyike kulo mbandela.
Kwintsomi-njengakubomi bokwenyani- oozwilakhe phantse babehlala bephumelela. Uninzi lwamadoda eeleta ayekolu luhlu lwentlalo. Kwangelo xesha, abantu bangaphandle babenomdla kakhulu ekugcineni aba "manene" bonwabile.
Imbeko
Ukhokelwa sisidima sakho, umlinganiswa ophambili webali unenjongo enye yokugqibela: ukubuyisela imbeko yakhe. Intombi yakhe ephethwe gadalala ayilotyala kuye; olona xhoba ngutata. Imeko evunywe bubukhosi baseSpain, nangona kunjalo buvela kwiRenaissance. Umnqweno olandelwa yindoda yelizwe (isityebi, kodwa umlimi, emva kwako konke) njengoPedro Castro.
Ngayiphi na imeko, ICalderón de la Barca ndakwazi ukukholisa ngokubanzi nge Usodolophu waseZalamea "AmaMoor namaKrestu." Ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba obu "buqili" kwintetho yakhe abuzange buqatshelwe kude kube lixesha elide kamva.
Umsebenzi we-antimilitarist?
Kukho abo bawela ngaphandle Usodolophu waseZalamea njengentetho echasene nomkhosi. Nangona kunjalo, ngasekupheleni kwebali umbalisi unoxanduva lokoyisa lo mbono. Unyana omkhulu kaCastro-indoda egqibeleleyo engenakhaya engenanjongo ebomini - iyayilwa kumkhosi wasebukhosini. Utata, kude nokuzisola, ubhiyozela esi senzo.
UCastro ukholelwa kwelokuba iziko lomkhosi liya kuvumela inzala yalo ukuba ikwazi ukulunga kobomi. Kwakhona, ngaphambi kokuchitha ixesha, kungcono ukukhonza ukumkani wakho. Nangona kungacacanga ncam, ngokuqinisekileyo ingaba umbhali uyakuqinisekisa oku ngenxa yokukholelwa okanye yenye into eceke ngokufihlakeleyo phakathi kweengxoxo zomlinganiswa ophambili.