Imifanekiso kaDorian Grey

El UDorian Grey umzobo yiyo kuphela inoveli epapashwe nguOscar Wilde. Ithathwa njengenye yemisebenzi yempikiswano kuncwadi lwe-XNUMX. Ukuphuhliswa kwebali layo kujikeleze abalinganiswa abathathu abamele idabi phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi okukhoyo kumntu ngamnye, impikiswano engaphakathi kwinkululeko yokuzikhethela. Le ncwadi ibalisa ngohambo lokomoya lukaDorian Grey, umfana onomtsalane ohendwa ngumbono wobutsha obungunaphakade kunye nobuhle.

U-Oscar Wilde wayehlala eyingqondi, wasebenzisa amava akhe kwaye wahlanganisa izimbo ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi ukwenza le noveli. Ngokuka-Svanhvít Helga Magnúsdótti ovela kwiYunivesithi yase-Iceland (2011), kwingxelo kukho izibonelelo zeentsomi ze-Gothic, i-aestheticism kunye nezinto ezifanayo Ubuqaqawuli YeGoethe. Kwangokunjalo, izingqinisiso kwiTestamente eNdala yeNcwadi yeGenesis kubonakala ngathi zongeza ugxininiso lokuziphatha kwimpikiswano phakathi komthetho nesono.

¿Imifanekiso kaDorian Grey o Umzobo kaDorian Grey?

Kuqhelekile ukubona isihloko esingalunganga «Umzobo kaDorian Grey ". Ewe, kunjalo, kuba abantu bayipela ngale ndlela babiza ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, nangona ukuva kwabo kungasileli kubo, ayilo spelling esihambelanayo kwifani, kodwa "Ngwevu."

Ubomi bukaOscar Wilde

Ukuzalwa nosapho

U-Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde wazalelwa eDublin, eIreland, ngo-Okthobha 16, 1852. Utata wakhe yayinguSir William Wilde, ugqirha owaziwayo; Umama wakhe, umbhali kunye nembongi uJane Francesca Elgee (otyikitye phantsi kwegama elingelolakhe ithemba). Wafunda kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi kwiKholeji yaseTrinity kwidolophu yakowabo kwaye emva kokuba egqibe iminyaka engama-20 wangena kwiKholeji yaseMagdalen eOxford, eNgilane, apho wayephumelele khona kumabanga akhe aphezulu.

IJuventud

Ukusukela emncinci kakhulu, wazakhela igama elihle njengendoda kunye nencoko enobukrelekrele ebalaseleyo. Ngokuka-Øyvind Olsholt we-portal skoletorget.no (2003), uWilde wayedelela ubundlobongela kunye nezemidlalo. Le yayiyimvakalelo echazwe kakuhle kwisivakalisi esilandelayo somsebenzi wakhe Umfazi ongabalulekanga (1893):

"Amadoda elizwe lesiNgesi aphalala emva kwempungutye: into engenakuthetheka ngokulandela into engadliyo."

Indawo yokuhlala eLondon

Wahlala eLondon emva kokugqiba uqeqesho lwaseyunivesithi. Bephenjelelwa ziincwadi ezifana nembongi enkulu yaseIreland, uWB Yeats, kunye nenkosikazi yaseNkosana yaseWales, uLillie Langtry, uOscar Wilde baqala ukubhala amabali amafutshane, imidlalo kunye nemibongo. Ngokufanayo, wayesebenza kwiphephandaba kwaye ehamba kwisekethe yokufunda esiya eMelika (uDouthat noHopson in Imifanekiso kaDorian Grey, 2002).

Kuqala kusebenza

Iimpapasho zakhe zokuqala kunokuba imibongo eliphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala wafumana ukubonwa ngenxa yemidlalo yakhe yokuhlekisa. Eyokuqala, Vera; okanye, ii-nihilists, yaqala ngo-1880. Yalandelwa yimiboniso Umlandeli weLady Windermere (1892) Umfazi ongabalulekanga (1893) Umyeni ofanelekileyo (1895) kunye Ukubaluleka kokuba sesikweni (1895), indalo yakhe edumileyo yeqonga. Ngo-1884, u-Oscar Wilde watshata noConstance Lloyd, owayenabantwana ababini.

Iscandal esingqonge umfanekiso weDorian Grey

Ngexesha lehlobo lowe-1890, uhlelo lokuqala lwenoveli ebhalwe ngu-Oscar Wilde yavela kwiMagazini yeNyanga kaLippincott, Imifanekiso kaDorian Grey. Incwadi yafumana ukugxekwa okuqatha ngokuba nehlazo nokuziphatha okubi, ekhuthaze ukuhlaziywa kwayo kunye nokongezwa kwentshayelelo kunye nezahluko ezithandathu ezitsha. Ngalesi siqalo, uWilde wazama ukulindela nokuphendula abagxeki ababebiza umsebenzi wakhe "njengenganekwane."

Kwangokunjalo, intshayelelo yazisa ngokufutshane imigaqo yohlobo lwefilosofi yobugcisa: ubuhle, ukubonakaliswa-okuqinisekisiweyo nguWilde- ngexabiso langaphakathi. Sisikhundla esiguqukayo ngaphakathi kwiVictorian England, esekwe kubuhle bobugcisa ngaphandle kwenjongo yokuziphatha okanye yezopolitiko. Kwintshayelelo, uWilde ukwacebisa abafundi ukuba bangajongi iintsingiselo "phantsi komphezulu" wobugcisa.

Incwadana ecebile kakhulu iifom zokubhala

Imifanekiso kaDorian Grey ngumxube wamalungu eenoveli zeGothic, iindlela zokuhlekisa ngamacandelo, kunye neziqwenga zemiboniso yeqonga ngokubhekisele kubudlelwane phakathi kobugcisa nengqibelelo.. Ngenxa yoko, bekungenakuphepheka ukuvusa-ubuncinci- ukungonwabi phakathi kwabaphulaphuli abangama-Victorian, ngenxa yesi sizathu, intshayelelo kaWilde ilumkisa ukuba "ukwahluka kwezimvo malunga nomsebenzi kubonisa ukuba lo msebenzi mtsha, unzima kwaye ubalulekile."

Ushicilelo lwesibini kunye nehlazo lavela

Ukuphehlelelwa kwesibini (1891) Ibali likaDorian Grey yangqamana nentlanganiso yokuqala phakathi kuka-Oscar Wilde kunye neNkosi u-Alfred Douglas (awambiza ngothando "Bosie"). Xa iMarquis yaseQueensberry - utata wenkosi- yayigxeka esidlangalaleni into leyo, Kwaqhambuka ihlazo elaphela ngovavanyo ngo-1895 "kukuziphatha kakubi."

Inkundla isebenzise Imifanekiso kaDorian Grey njengobungqina ngenxa yeendinyana zayo ezininzi ezinezinto ezihambelana nobufanasini. UWilde wahlaziswa esidlangalaleni wagwetywa iminyaka emibini esebenza nzima. Ngeli xesha, wabhalela u-Lord u-Alfred ileta ende edimazekileyo enomxholo Iprofayile (Nzulu, Ngesi latin). Emva kokudweba isigwebo sakhe, wemka eNgilani.

Iminyaka yokugqibela kaWilde

Pwachitha iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela ehlala kwintlupheko phakathi kwe-Itali neFrance. Ngo-1898 wenza incwadi yakhe yokugqibela (phantsi kwegama elingelolakhe), IBallad yokuFunda iJele, Umbongo malunga neemvakalelo zebanjwa kwelinye eliza kubulawa.

Ekugqibeleni, U-Oscar Wilde wasweleka yi-meningitis ngo-Novemba 30, 1900., eParis. Waguqukela kubuRoma Katolika ebhedini yakhe yokufa.

Isishwankathelo soMfanekiso ka-Dorian Grey

I-Basil kunye nobuhle obungenakwenzeka beDorian

Ngelixa wayehlala kwikhaya lika-anti wakhe-uLady Brandon-umzobi owaziwayo UBasil Hallward udibana noDorian Grey. Lo ngumfana osisityebi osisityebi onikwe "ubuhle obungenakwenzeka" ekhawuleza ithande ingcinga yobugcisa yomzobi. Ngesi sizathu, uDorian uhlala phantsi ukuba aboniswe amatyeli aliqela. UBasil uyamncoma ngokungathi ligorha okanye umfanekiso othile wamaGrike.

Ekuqaleni kwinoveli, umzobi ugqibezela umfanekiso wokuqala kaDorian njengoko enjalo. Kodwa (uyavuma kumhlobo wakhe u-Lord Henry Wotton) umzobo awumonelisi umzobi kuba utyhila uninzi lweemvakalelo zikaBasil ngoDorian. U-Lord Henry-odume ngokothusa abahlobo bakhe yimibhiyozo yakhe yolutsha, ubuhle, kunye nokuzingca ngokuzonwabisa-akavumelani, ekholelwa ukuba lo mfanekiso wobugcisa.

INkosi henry

Xa UDorian uyavela kolu phando, uBasil umbonisa isenzo sokurhoxa kuNkosi uHenry. U-Basil ukholelwa ukuba u-Lord Henry anganefuthe elibi kulo mfana UDorian. Isikrokro siqinisekisiwe kwincoko yokuqala, apho u-Lord uHenry acaphukisa uDorian ngeengcinga zakhe malunga nobuhle obufutshane bobuhle nolutsha.

Ukuqala kwesiqalekiso

UDorian emva koko uqalekisa umzobo wakhe ngaphandle kwenkxalabo ngenkangeleko ephela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ekubandezelekeni, uthembisa umphefumlo wakhe kumfanekiso kuphela onokuthintela isiphumo esidala sobudala. kwaye oko kukuvumela ukuba uhlale umncinci ngonaphakade. Basil, ngelizama ukumkholisa, wamnika loo mfanekiso.

Ukubonakala kokuziphatha kakubi komzimba kunye nokubonakala kweSibyl

Kwiiveki ezimbini ezizayo, impembelelo ka-Henry Henry iya isomelela. Umfana uzinikezela "kwi-hedonism entsha" kwaye uzimisele ukukhokelela kubomi obuzinikele ekukhangeleni ukoneliseka ngokwasenyameni. Ngala mizuzu, uDorian uthandana noSibyl Vane, umdlali weqonga oselula odlala kwimidlalo yeqonga kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo zaseLondon. UDorian uyayithanda imidlalo yakhe, yena, ekubuyeni, umbiza ngokuba "ngumthetheleli wenkosana."

Ngelo xesha, uJames Vane - umntakwabo Sibyl-akavumelani nobudlelwane obukhulayo kwaye wanyanzelisa ukuba uDorian akamlungelanga. Nangona kunjalo, USibyl uthabatheka ziimvakalelo. Uzityeshela izimvo ezimbi ngeDorian kwaye uthatha isigqibo sokuyeka ukudlala ngoba akasafuni ukuzenza eqongeni, kuba "ngoku uziva eyinto yokwenyani."

Ikhefu kunye noxolelwaniso olungenakwenzeka

Ngelishwa, ukusebenza ngumgangatho othandwa nguDorian ngaye, ke, iphelisa uthethathethwano ngendlela ekhohlakeleyo. Emva kokwahlukana, uDorian ubuyela ekhaya kwaye uqaphela utshintsho kumfanekiso opeyintwe nguBasil: ngoku uyancuma ngokudelela.

Ukoyika imeko engemnandanga emva kokugula kwakhe kunye nokuziphatha okukhohlakeleyo okuboniswa ngelaphu, Uthatha isigqibo sokudibana noSibyl ngosuku olulandelayo.

Kodwa umonakalo awunakulungiswa, emva kwemini elandelayo u-Lord Henry uxelela uDorian ukuba u-Sibyl uzibulele. Ekunyanzelweni kweNkosi uHenry, uDorian ugqiba kwelokuba akubone ukufa njengoloyiso lobugcisa, apho abonakalisa intlekele kwaye ushiya ngasemva nayiphi na imeko yosizi. Ewe kunjalo, uDorian uthatha isigqibo sokufihla umzobo wakhe kwigumbi eliphezulu endlwini yakhe ukuze afihle utshintsho olwenziwe ngabanye.

"Ibhayibhile entsha" kaDorian

Emva kwexesha, u-Lord Henry unikezela u-Dorian kuye incwadi eneenkcazo ezigqwethekileyo zeefama zenkulungwane ye-XNUMX yabemi baseFrance. Lo mbhalo uba nguDorian "ibhayibhile entsha". Ngenxa yoko, uthatha isigqibo sokuntywila kubomi obuzele sisono kunye nenkohliso, ngaphandle kokuzisola okubangelwa yimilinganiselo yokuziphatha okanye iziphumo zezenzo zakhe. Umyalelo kuphela kukuqokelela amava anomdla.

Ixesha elingenathemba lokuhamba kwexesha kunye nedumela lokubola likaDorian

Kudlula iminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo. Udumo lukaDorian luyawohloka kwimimandla yaseLondon ngenxa yamarhe angapheliyo malunga nokuziphatha kwakhe okunganyanisekanga nokunganyaniseki. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, izidwangube ziyaqhubeka ukumamkela kuba uhlala esemncinci kwaye emhle. Nangona ubuso kumzobo kumfanekiso ubonakala ubunile kwaye ubusisithukuthezi.

I-Basil, izinto ezintsha zomfanekiso waseDorian kunye nokufa

Ngobusuku obumnyama nobumnyama, uBasil Hallward ufika endlwini kaDorian ukuze ahlangane naye malunga namahemuhemu ngegama lakhe. Baqala ukuphikisana. Ngelo xesha, U-Basil uqaphela ukubola komphefumlo kaDorian, ombonisa umfanekiso ombi.

Umzobi umbongoza ukuba acinge kwakhona. Kodwa uDorian uyakhala "kushiywe ixesha lokufumana isohlwayo" kwaye, ngenxa yomsindo, uyambulala uBasil. Ukuphelisa isidumbu, ukunyoba kukaDorian kwaye ucele uncedo kugqirha ongaqondakaliyo. Ngobusuku obulandelayo, iintloko zikaDorian zaya kwi-opium cache, apho wadibana khona noJames Vane, ozama ukuziphindezela ngokufa kukadadewabo uSibyl. UDorian uyakwazi ukubalekela kwindlu yakhe yelizwe. Apho, waphinda wabona uJames ejonge ngefestile ngelixa enikezela ezinye iindwendwe.

Ukuzisola kukaDorian kunye "notshintsho"

UDorian uphinde woyiswa luloyiko kunye nokuziva enetyala. Nangona le mvakalelo inyamalala xa uVane efa ngenxa yokudutyulwa ngengozi komzingeli. Iziganeko zamva nje ziqhuba uDorian ukuba afune utshintsho kwindlela aphila ngayo, akasenakuqhubeka nokuhla kumanyala. Nangona engakwazi ukuvuma amatyala akhe ... ngoku umzobo utyhila intetho eyahlukileyo: uhanahaniso.

Ukufa

Ekugqibeleni, UDorian akanakunyamezela imbonakalo yomzobo wakhe; Enomsindo, usebenzisa imela enye awabulala ngayo uHallward ukutshabalalisa umzobo. Abakhonzi bakhe beva isandi. Ukuya kujonga, bayahambelana nomfanekiso weDorian Grey omncinci kwaye mhle. Ecaleni komzobo, umzimba wexhego owonakele kakubi ngemela exinwe esifubeni sakhe.