Oothixo, amangcwaba kunye nezilumko
Oothixo, amangcwaba kunye nezilumko -UGötter, uGräber kunye noGelehrte, Isihloko sokuqala ngesiNgesi- yincwadi edumileyo yembali kunye neyokudala ebhalwe yintatheli yaseJamani kunye nomgxeki weencwadi uKurt Wilhelm Marek, owaziwa ngcono ngegama lakhe elingu-CW Ceram. Lo msebenzi, ohlanganisa amakhulu okufunyaniswa kunye nokufika kwezona nzululwazi zidumileyo kunye nabahloli behlabathi lakudala, wagqitywa ngo-1949 waza wapapashwa ngo-1950.
Indlu yokushicilela i-Destino yayijongene nokuhlelwa kwayo kunye nokusabalalisa ngesiSpanish kwi-2008, ngaloo ndlela ikhuthaza abaphandi base-Iberia kunye nabo bonke abaphandi abathetha isiSpanish-njengo-Ignacio Martínez Mendizábal, ophumelele umvuzo weNkosana yase-Asturias ngenxa yokufumanisa kwakhe e-Atapuerca-. Oothixo, amangcwaba kunye nezilumko Asiyoncwadi nje yokwembiwa kwezinto zakudala okanye eyembali, lubalo-maxesha olunika umdla olumalunga nohambo, inkalipho nobukrelekrele.
Isishwankathelo se Oothixo, amangcwaba kunye nezilumko
Le ncwadi imnandi-ephantse yathandana, enkosi ngosiba lweCW Ceram- inepentalogy yeebhloko ezithi, zona, zohlulwe zibe zizahluko ezingamashumi amathathu anesine. imigca yakho balisa ngobomi kunye nomsebenzi wezinye zeengcali ezaziwayo kwihlabathi lakudala, njengoJean-François Champollion okanye uHeinrich Schliemann, kunye nembali yempucuko enkulu yamandulo kunye neemfihlakalo zabo. Nanga amacandelo amahlanu.
incwadi yemifanekiso eqingqiweyo
Ibhloko yokuqala, eyaziwa ngokuba Incwadi yeMifanekiso uthetha phantse ngokupheleleyo malunga nokufunyanwa okuhambelana nexesha leMycenaean. Izinto ezigqwesileyo ezichazwe kweli candelo kukufunyanwa kwesangqa samangcwaba eMycenae kunye nesixeko saseTroy.
incwadi yeepiramidi
Njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuqikelela kwisihloko sayo, le block unoxanduva lokuchaza uninzi lwezinto ezifunyenweyo ezinxulumene nempucuko yaseYiputa. Ezinye zezihloko zihambelana nokufunyanwa kweRosetta Stone nguJean-François Champollion, umzekelo.
Kwakhona, apha kunokwenzeka ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokufunyanwa kwengcwaba laseTutankhamen. Kwakhona, ngokuqinisekileyo, elo bali lothando elinee-protagonists ziindawo zokuphumla zookumkani bamandulo, njengeRamses II.
Incwadi yeeNqaba
Enye yezona zinto zinomdla kakhulu Oothixo, amangcwaba kunye nezilumko, yindlela umbhali wayo ekwakufuneka alijonge ngayo ibali. Kwimeko yebhloko yesithathu, leyo ithetha ngeBhabheli eyimfihlakalo neemfihlelo zayoOku kuchazwe ngokucacileyo.
IMesopotamiya neAsiriya zalahleka kwintlabathi yexesha, kodwa namhlanje siyazi ngoonobumba abatsobhileyo, abaphuma kuzo. Kwi incwadi yeenqaba amabali ethala leencwadi lika-Ashurbanipal nawo abaliswa.
Incwadi yezinyuko
Akunakwenzeka ukugubungela impucuko yakudala ngaphandle kokukhankanya amahlathi aseYucatán okanye i-cenote yeChichen Itzá, eyaziwa ngokuba yiLa Fuente de las Donellas. kwezi zahluko Umda wabahloli baziwa ukuba bazise phezulu iimfihlo zezokwakha, ezopolitiko, amasiko kunye neziyelelane zoluntu lwama-Aztec kunye namaMaya.
KwiMbali yeeNcwadi zeArchaeology ezingekabhalwa
umhlathi wokugqibela yingqokelela echaza indlela ikamva lembali kunye ne-archeology elabonwa ngayo -zombini isayensi yamandla-ngexesha uCW Ceram egqibile ukubhala iphepha lakhe (1949).
Malunga nosiba lombhali
Ukufumana incwadi etyhila iimfihlelo zesayensi ngendlela elula phantse i-utopian, ngakumbi ukuba iyisihloko eside. Nangona kunjalo, Oothixo, amangcwaba kunye nezilumko Inamaphepha angamakhulu amane anamashumi amahlanu anesithathu, kwaye onke aluhlobo olubonisa ikamva lase-Indiana Jones. Imbali yempucuko, i-anecdotes yabaphandi kunye nokufika kwabo, baxelelwa kunye unayo ukulula uphawu lomntu ofuna ukuthetha nehlabathi lonke.
I-CW Ceram ichaza ihlabathi elilahlekileyo kungekuphela nje ngokuthanda, kodwa nangokwazi ukuba asingazo zonke izifundiswa ezibalaseleyo., njengenkoliso yamadoda ahlala amaphepha omsebenzi wakhe. Oothixo, amangcwaba kunye nezilumko Yaziwa ngokuba "yinoveli ye-archaeology", kwaye ayisiyonto encinci, kuba kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho umzamo wokwenza oku kube sisihloko esifundisayo kodwa esisonwabisayo.
Abanye babahloli abaphambili abavezwe koothixo, amangcwaba kunye nezilumko
UHeinrich Schliemann:
Iphupha lakhe lobuntwana yayikukufumanisa UTroy. Kwiminyaka kamva, xa wayesele ekhulile, wachitha ixesha lakhe ekroba kwibhodlo lesi sixeko sihle silahlekileyo. Ewe, uyenzile.
Howard kunye noCarnarvon:
Bobabini abavubukuli abaziingcali babezimisele ukufumanisa apho ingcwaba lentsomi likaFaro waseYiputa uTutankhamun lalikhona. Bathi bakufumana ithuba lokungena kwiSixeko seeKumkani. abazange bafumane indawo yokubeka yonke igolide abayifumeneyo ngaphakathi.
UBruno Meisser:
Wayengumbhali weklasi yodumo Ookumkani baseBhabhiloni nabaseAsiriya, incwadi ebalisa ngobungangamsha obabungqonge amazwe nabalawuli baloo mmandla womlingo.
Malunga nombhali, CW Ceram
C.W. Ceram
I-CW Ceram ligama losiba lombhali waseJamani, intatheli, umhleli kunye nomgxeki weencwadi uKurt Wilhelm Marek, owazalwa ngo-1915 eBerlin waza wafa ngo-1972 eHamburg, eJamani. Ebutsheni bakhe, wayebandakanyeka kwimicimbi yezopolitiko enxulumene ne-Third Reich.
Kamva, ukuphepha ukugwetywa kwentlalontle ngenxa yemidlalo yakhe engathandekiyo njengokusasaza i-propagandist intshukumo yamaNazi, Wagqiba ekubeni asayine imisebenzi yakhe yokusasazwa kwezinto zakudala kunye ne-anagram yegama lakhe lokugqibela: Marek - Keram - Ceram.
Umbhali ubhalise kwi-23 yobudala, kwaye wasebenza njengentatheli kumazwe afana neItali, iSoviet Union, iNorway nePoland. Ngo-1943 wayelibanjwa lemfazwe eItali ngenxa yokuthatha inxaxheba kwakhe kwidabi laseMonte Cassino. Ekwakhiweni kwakhe yedwa—ngelo xesha wayengasalubonisi utyekelo lwakhe oludala lwamaNazi—wafunda iincwadi ezininzi zesiNgesi ezingezinto zakudala ezimbiweyo nembali, enomdla onzulu kuwo omabini amasebe olwazi.
Ezinye iincwadi ezibhalwe nguCW Ceram (iintlelo zoqobo zesiJamani)
- Wir hielten Narvik (1941);
- Rote Spiegel – überall am Feind. Von den Kanonieren des Reichsmarschalls (1943);
- ukuxhokonxa isaziso (1960);
- Izolo: Amanqaku ngenkqubela-phambili yoMntu (1961);
- Izandla kwixesha elidlulileyo: I-Archaeologists enguVulindlela Balisa iBali labo (1966).
Ezinye iincwadi zeCW Ceram (uhlelo lweSpanish)
- amanqaku axhokonxayo (1962);
- ifilimu zakudala (1966);
- Owokuqala waseMelika: i-nigma yamaIndiya angaphambi kweColumbian (1973);
- Imfihlelo yamaHeti, uOrbis (1985);
- ihlabathi lenzululwazi yezinto zakudala (2002).