UNksk Dalloway.
UNksk Dalloway NguVirginia Woolf umele eyona ntetho iphakamileyo yaseBritane yexesha eliphakathi. Yapapashwa ngo-1925 yaza yaseta ngezo mini. Xa amanxeba okopha ashiywe yiMfazwe Enkulu ayesavulekile ezitalatweni nasezindlwini. Ngelo xesha akukho namnye kwikomkhulu lesiNgesi elalilindele ukuqala kolunye ungquzulwano ngezixhobo olunefuthe lehlabathi.
Ngaphandle kwezinto ezoyikisayo, uluntu oluphakamileyo lwaseLondon alukhathalelanga ngqalelo ingako koko ngaphandle kwendawo yalo yobutofotofo kunye nentuthuzelo. Ke, kwisicatshulwa salo msebenzi siqulethe ukugxeka okunamandla ngale ndlela ingenamsebenzi yokubona umhlaba.
Umzobo wase-London wasemva kwemfazwe, "enongiwe" ngedatha ebhalwe ngabantu
UVirginia Woolf wazuza igama lakhe kuluhlu lwababhali bendalo iphela. Sisalathiso esisinyanzelo kwi-avant-garde kunye ne-Anglo-Saxon modernism. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, wayezimele ngaphandle kokuzalisa amabali akhe amaninzi alayishwe ngeembekiselo eziyinyani ngeevesi kunye nemibongo.
UNksk Dalloway yayiyeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekudalweni kwakhe kweeleta. Abagxeki baqala ukumthabatha ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwisitayela sokuqala, kunzima ukulinganisa. Kwelinye icala, enye yeempawu ezichazayo zalo msebenzi, kunye "neendlela" zombhali wayo: ukuthetha ngezinto ezininzi, ngaphandle (ngaphakathi kwebali) nantoni na eyenzekayo.
Ibali losuku olunye
Enye yezinto ezikhethekileyo kwisicatshulwa yingxoxo yayo, kuba yenzeka ngosuku olunye. Nangona ukutsiba okwethutyana kugcwele kuphuhliso lwayo, oku kwenzeka kuphela ngaphakathi kwabalinganiswa. Oku kugxininisa uphawu oluyindalo lwe UNksk Dalloway kunye nenqaku elinobunzima obuthe ngqo kwintetho: ukusondelelana.
Ngokungafaniyo neenoveli ezininzi ezinale quirk, abafundi abanalo nje ukufikelela kwiingcinga zabo baphambili kunye nabachasi babo. Bonke abalinganiswa abadlala ngaphakathi kwesiqwenga banandipha umzuzu wabo wokubonakala. Uhlalutyo "lokuphila" malunga nendlela abalibona ngayo ilizwe kunye noko bakulindeleyo kwabanye. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuthethelela isizathu sezenzo zabo.
Isishwankathelo sebali
"Usuku kubomi bukaNkskz. Clarissa Dalloway" iya kuba, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, yindlela elula yokushwankathela ibali lale noveli. Ngexesha losuku ekuthethwa ngalo - phakathi kwehlobo laseLondon elishushu - eli nenekazi linokufikelela kwizikhundla eziphezulu zamandla ligqiba kwelokuba libambe itheko.
UVirginia Woolf.
Injongo: gcina i-facade
Intlanganiso ehlelwe nguNks Dalloway yimbeko kumyeni wakhe, olilungu le-Conservative MP. Akonwabanga kunye naye, ke, akanalo uthando kuye. Kodwa ayisiyiyo ingongoma, into ebalulekileyo yimeko lonto ikunika. Bonke abakhoyo kulonwabo bacamngca ngemixholo emininzi; iirali, ibanal okanye into ekhoyo, ayibandakanyi iindwendwe kuphela.
Ubunzima bokwenyani busetyenziswa ngu-Septimus Warren Smith. Igqala lemfazwe elingaziwa "liqhawekazi" lembali, efunda ngobomi nokufa kwakhe ngenxa yezimvo zabo bebezimase lo mbhiyozo. Ngokuchanekileyo u-Septimus ugcina uninzi lwedatha ye-autobiographical ethi uWoolf ayenze ngexesha lomsebenzi wakhe.
Ibali malunga nobunyulu bobomi kunye nesibindi sokufa
U-Septimus Warren Smith wayengumntu odandathekileyo, ethanda ukumamela iintaka, ecula ngesiGrike kwaye ogqiba ubomi bakhe ngokuziphosa ngefestile. Ayizonkcukacha zincinci; Ngexesha lokupapashwa, umbhali wayesele enayo ukuzama ukuzibulala ukulandela le ndlela inye.
Ayizizo kuphela iimpawu ezifanayo phakathi kombhali kunye nabalinganiswa bakhe. Iingxoxo malunga nobufazi kunye nokwabelana ngesini kunye nazo ziyinxalenye yesiqwenga. Ngendlela enye, Incwadi ijongana nokucalulwa kwabantu ngokubhekisele ekuguleni ngengqondo (kunye nendlela "abaphambeneyo" abagwetywa ngayo).
Umsebenzi onomxholo woluntu olomeleleyo
Eyona ibalaseleyo phakathi kuluhlu olubanzi lwezihloko ekuthethwa ngazo UNksk Dalloway kukugxekwa okuvakaliswe kuluntu lwaseLondon. Inkangeleko, inqanaba lentlalontle, amandla, kunye neminqweno evukayo. Ngaphakathi kweentsomi, ezi zimvo ziinjini zehlabathi.
I-Colonialism yenye yeekhonsepthi ezichazwe ngumbhali ngesabelo sazo sohlalutyo (kwaye oko kuphelela ekubethweni). Nangona kunjalo, ukubamba ezo ngcinga zinobukrakra ngexesha uWoolf asebenzise isibongozo "phakathi kwemigca". Apho izenzo kunye neenkcazo zabalinganiswa zichanekile ngokupheleleyo.
Uhlobo lweWolf
Le asiyoncwadi ilula. Ukusilela nayiphi na injongo yokubaleka okanye ukunika abafundi isisombululo esingasindi. Phakathi kwabo bangasithethiyo isiNgesi, ngokwenguqulelo abanokufikelela kuyo, iingxaki zokulandela ibali zinokuba nkulu ngakumbi. Imeko enzima kakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweempawu zokubhala ngabanye abaguquleli abadidekileyo.
Ngaphandle kwekoma kunye namaxesha, UWolf Ukophula ngabom ngo "kufanele ukuba." Ujoliso lwengxelo idlula isuka komnye umlinganiswa iye komnye, ngaphandle "kokubhengezwa kwangaphambili" kolu tshintsho.. Ngamanye amaxesha ibali "liguquka" ukusuka kumntu wokuqala ukuya kumntu wesithathu ukusuka kumhlathi omnye ukuya kwelinye ngqo. Akukho maqhinga okanye amaqhinga.
Isahluko esahlukileyo
Ukucaphula nguVirginia Woolf.
Ukuqhubeka nokwenza ingxaki: ukunqongophala kwemida okanye amacandelo kwisicatshulwa. Ngokufanelekileyo, umbhali - ngabom - ukuhambisa ngokwakhiwa kwesahluko sendabuko. Ngenxa yoko, amaphepha amancinci angaphezulu kwama-300 agqunywe kukunqongophala kwengxelo "ukwahlulwa kobume."
Incwadi engenzekanga nto?
Ngokubanzi, iyelenqe lebali eliyintsomi lityhalwa ngamandla anyanzeliswa ngumntu ophambili ekuzameni ukufikelela kwinjongo. Ngendlela enye, umsonto wengxoxo uqhutywa yinkcaso yomchasi, owenza iinzame zokwaphula amanyathelo okanye iimvakalelo zomntu ophambili. Vula UNksk Dalloway akukho nanye kwezi.
Ibali liqhubela phambili kuba iiyure ziyahamba. Kwaye abalinganiswa bahamba baya kudlulileyo ngelixa "bephila" inani leemeko. Kodwa yonke into iphakathi kweentloko zabo, kwiinkumbulo zabo, nakwizazela zabo. Iindawo zokujika -Nangona azicacanga, zikhona - zisonjululwa ngamehlo omntu ongaphakathi ngaphakathi. Le ndlela yebali ibizwa ngokuba kukuhamba kwengqondo.
Ukufunda okubalulekileyo
Ukufunda uNksk. Dalloway kuthatha ixesha. Beka bucala indawo kwi-ajenda yokuhamba emanzini ayo ashinyeneyo ngaphandle kokungxama, ngomonde, ngaphandle kweziphazamiso. Yincwadi ebaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke ababhali okanye kwabo banqwenela ukufikelela kwesi sihloko. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale i-adventure, zilungiselele ukubuyela emva xa kukho imfuneko. Ukulahleka kulula, kodwa ukufikelela esiphelweni kufanelekile.
Kulabo bazichaza "njengabafundi abanolwazi" (okanye ngalo naliphi na igama elifanayo), limele uvavanyo lokwenyani lokuqonda. Ikwayincwadi ekufuneka ifunyenwe ngaphandle koxinzelelo. Xa ixesha lilungile, kuyonwatyelwa. Kwaye ukuba akunjalo, kuyakuhlala kukho inkululeko yokuyithiya.