Umbhali uFélix Lope de Vega.
UFeliks Lope de Vega Carpio Wayengumbhali waseSpain owazalwa ngoNovemba 25, 1562 eMadrid. Waqala ukuvelisa izinto zoncwadi esemncinci, ezinikele kuthando olungaphumeleliyo kunye namanye amava. Iincwadi zikaLope de Vega zimele ilifa elimangalisayo kuncwadi lwaseSpain. Ukubhala yayi bubomi bakhe bonke, kwaye wayeka ukuvelisa iileta kwimizuzu ngaphambi kokuba asweleke, ngo-Agasti 25, 1635.
ILope de Vega yayiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeGolden Age, ethathwa njengeyona nqanaba liqhamo kakhulu kwiileta zaseSpanish nakwezobugcisa. Ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe umbhali wavelisa amakhulu emisebenzi, kubandakanya isihobe, ii-comedies, ii-epics, iisonethi kunye neenoveli ezincinci.
Umbhali omncinci
ULope wayegqamile kwasekuqaleni kwenkqubo yakhe yokufunda; Kwiminyaka emihlanu wakwazi ukufunda ngeSpanish nangesiLatini, ukongeza omncinci wabhala imibongo yakhe yokuqala ngexesha leminyaka yakhe emsulwa. Kwiminyaka yakhe yeshumi elivisayo, uVega wavelisa izinto ezine zokuhlekisa; omnye wemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala yolu hlobo wabizwa Umthandi wenene.
Lope wema ngaphandle kwabanye kakhulu, ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba ngenxa yobuchule bakhe obukhulu, isikolo iVicente Espinel samnika iwonga lokufunda kumaziko aso. Imikhosi ye-Illescas Yenye yeendlela zakhe zokuhlekisa kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba ayinikezele ku-Espinel, kuba wayengumntu amthandayo.
Wafunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kwizifundo zokufundisa zoMbutho ka Yesu - owathi kamva waba sisikolo sobukhosi - apho wadibana namaJesuit. Ngo-1577 waqhubeka noqeqesho kwiYunivesithi yaseAlcalá, eColegio de los Manriques. Nangona kunjalo, U-Lope akazange awugqibe umjikelo wemfundo ephezulu, ngenxa yoko akafumananga nqanaba.
Lope enomdla
U-Elena Osorio wayengumfazi wakhe wokuqala, kwaye kwakuthetha lukhulu kuye. Obu budlelwane bufikelele esiphelweni kuba waqala ubudlelwane bemidla yezemali nendwalutho. U-Lope de Vega wayexhelekile kwaye wazinikela kwiivesi ezimbalwa ngokuchasene no-Elena kunye nezihlobo zakhe. Umxholo weziqendu zakhe wawunamandla kwaye uhlazisa kwaye ngala maxesha yayilulwaphulo-mthetho oluya kuzuko, ke ngoko wathunyelwa ejele wagxothwa okwexeshana.
IDorotea Kwaba inoveli elungiselelwe Elena, kwaye kuyathakazelisa ukuba le ncwadi yabona ukukhanya koluntu ngo-1632, kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kombhali. Nangona kunjalo ngelixesha wayebhala lo msebenzi, ULope wayenomfazi omtsha ogama linguIsabel de Alderete Watshata naye ngoMeyi 10, 1588.
UIsabel wasweleka ngo-1594, iiveki emva kokubeleka, kwaye uLope wazinikezela IArcadia, inoveli apho wazisa ngeendinyana ezithile zemibongo. Umfazi wakhe wesithathu kwathiwa nguAntonia Trillo kwaye babetyholwa ngamashweshwe, ngelo xesha ekwalityala. Ngo-1598 wathandana noJuana de Guardo, ntombi yendoda enemali eninzi; kodwa wayenabathandi abaninzi, kubandakanya noMicaela de Luján.
Kubo bonke abantwana abangekho mthethweni kunye nobudlelwane uLope de Vega wayenabo, kwafuneka asebenze kakhulu. Amawaka emibhalo yokubhalwa kweSpanish athathwe kweli nqanaba, uninzi lwemibongo, iiqhulo kunye neenoveli bezingagqitywanga, zineempazamo kwaye isantya uLope ebefanele azivelise ngaso kuyabonakala.
Quote nguLope de Vega - Ofrases.com.
Inkqubela phambili yomsebenzi wakho wokubhala
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe u-Vega wakwazi ukuhlela uninzi lwamabali akhe kwaye wakhangela indlela yokuba imisebenzi yakhe yayinamalungelo obunini. Uninzi lwee-comedies zakhe zazisetyenziswa ngaphandle kwemvume, eyayikhathaza uLope; nangona kunjalo akawafumananga amalungelo kodwa wavunyelwa ukuba ahlele eyakhe imveliso. Ngenxa yokwahluka kunye nokuchuma komsebenzi wakhe, wabizwa «IPhoenix yeeWits ».
Ngo-1609, e-Academy of Madrid, umbhali wanika isincoko sakhe intetho Ubugcisa obutsha bokwenza ii-comedies ngeli xesha, Umsebenzi obhalwe kwivesi. Ngalo msebenzi, oqulethe ngaphezulu kwamakhulu amathathu eevesi, umbhali wazisa ngezihlandlo zakhe ezahlukeneyo zovuyo nosizi.
Lope de Vega, umbingeleli
Ngo-1611 kwabakho ilinge lokumbulala, umhlobo wakhe kunye nomfazi wakhe batshabalala kwiminyaka eyalandelayo. Olu luhlu lweziganeko lwaphawula kakhulu imbongi, eyayibalekela kwinkolo ngobufundisi, umnqweno owathi ekugqibeleni wafika kuye ngo-1614.
Umbhali wagqiba ekubeni afake zonke ezi mvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yincwadi Iingoma ezingcwele. Kwezi ndinyana uLope wasebenzisa olunye ulwazi alufumene kuMbutho kaYesu ngencwadi leyo Ukuzivocavoca ngokomoya, isicatshulwa esasifuna ukomeleza iinkolelo zamaKatolika ngokucamngca nangezinye iindlela zengqondo.
Ngexesha lakhe njengombingeleli, uLope de Vega waba nomdla kuMarta de Nevares, kodwa ngenxa yokuba wayezimisele kwinkolo yakhe entsha, akazange akwazi ukubonisa uthando kuye kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba anikezele ngemibongo emininzi ngezi mpawu kuye.
Iziqwenga zeencwadi ezithile zikaLope de Vega
Nazi iziqwenga zemisebenzi ethile nguLope de Vega:
Umthombo waseOvejuna
“Mphathi: -Uzakundibona namhlanje ndikhwele ihashe, ndibeke umkhonto apho sele ukulungele.
ULaurencia: -Ngaphezu kokuba ndibuyele apha!
UPascuala: — Ewe, bendicinga ukuba xa ndikuxelela ngale nto, iza kukuzisola.
ULaurencia: -Kusezulwini apho ndingazange ndimbone eFuente Ovejuna! ”.
Cula u-Amaryllis
"UAmarilis uyacula, kwaye ilizwi lakhe liyaphakama
Umphefumlo wam usendleleni yenyanga
kubukrelekrele, ukuba kungabikho
hers kamnandi uxelisa.
Ukusuka kwinombolo yakho emva koko ndatshala
Kwiyunithi, ethi yona ibe yi… ”.
Imixholo yeencwadi zikaLope de Vega
Uninzi lwazo Imibhalo yakhe kunye nemidlalo yeqonga yayinento yokwenza namabali othando, uthando kunye nothando, iyelenqe lala mabali yile nto igcine umbhali ephila. Eminye imisebenzi enalo mxholo yile: Uthando ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba ngubani, Ummangaliso knight, Isinyithi saseMadrid y Isithandwa esinengqiqo.
Ngaphakathi kumakhulu eetekisi abhale umbhali kukho izihloko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, Ifilosofi kunye nokuhlekisa yayingundoqo kumsebenzi wombhali wombhali. Ngelo xesha kwakukho ukuxhatshazwa ngabantu abakumgangatho ophezulu ngokubhekisele kwabona bantu badinga kakhulu okanye kubasebenzi, kuba le Lope yayiqhankqalaza kwimisebenzi efana nale: Umthombo waseOvejuna, Owona dolophu y Inqaba ka-Olmedo.
Iincwadi ezininzi zikaLope de Vega.
UDe Vega, ophambili kwimisebenzi yakhe
Umbhali akazange abhekise ngokucacileyo kuye kumabali akhe; Nangona kunjalo ILope de Vega wenza umlinganiswa owayemmele kwaye enegama likaBelardo. Umbhali ubalise ibali lothando lwale ndoda, umnqweno wayo wokuthandana nokubandezeleka ngenxa yokungabinaye.
Ilifa
Nangona wayeyindoda ebhinqileyo kwiminyaka yakhe yobutsha, njengoko wayekhula wazibeka njengomnye wababhali abanetalente eSpain. Ukuba kukho into eyayibonakalisayo, yayiyiyo leyo U-Lope uzinikele ekubhaleni abantu. Umbhali wayedla ngokuqinisekisa ukuba unakho ukuvelisa umdlalo weqonga kwiiyure ezingamashumi amabini anesine, kuthiwa wabhala nakumaxesha okutya. Ibinzana elithi "lisuka kwiLope" laye laduma kwaye laqhubeka lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwimibhalo yoncwadi lokubhalwa kwakhe.