Ukufota: ngoncedo lombhali.
UJorge Sanchez Lopez kwakunjalo Ngo-2021 i-Planeta Award yokugqibela kwinoveli yakhe itonela lomnquma. Kulo olubanzi udliwano ndlebe, endikubulela kakhulu ngayo, isixelela ngaye nangeminye imixholo emininzi emalunga ne panorama umhleli wangoku, wayo ufundo kunye nababhali abathandayo nabazayo iiprojekthi.
UJORGE SANCHEZ LOPEZ Udliwanondlebe
- ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Inoveli yakho yamva nje inesihloko itonela lomnquma. Usixelela ntoni ngayo kwaye yavela phi le mbono?
UJORGE SANCHEZ LOPEZ: Yinoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho engahlali phezu komhlaba. Ayiyiyo enye yezo ncwadi ziqhelekileyo zenoveli apho eyona njongo iphambili ikukuphanda ityala, nangona kukho ukufa, amapolisa kunye nokunyamalala emsebenzini. Abalinganiswa aba ulutsha Ebumelwaneni, yokutsalwa okuthobekileyo, abanobuchule kakhulu, abajongana nolindelo lwabo kunye nento eyinyani ebanika yona, abayaziyo intsingiselo yokulila, ukukhungatheka, ukugcoba, ukunyaniseka kunye nokuziphindezela. Ukusuka kubo siza kuhlalutyo lwezihloko ezifana ne urhwaphilizo kwiziko, Las amaqela emigulukudu, i ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi kunye nedayimani okanye i ukurhwaphiliza imali.
Kudala ndifuna ukubhala ngayo. kwindawo yam, Ngaphezulu kwe Ngama-90 kunye nokuqala kwee-2000s, ukunika imbeko kumculo, iimpahla, indlela yokuphila nokuthetha. Bendifuna ukuphonononga a Ixesha ukuba abo bethu banamava okukhumbula kakhulu menya, kwaye wenze umfundi acinge ngeentloko kunye nemisila awayenayo.
Iyenzeka kwi oomasipala kumazantsi eMadrid, ezingafane zibonwe kuncwadi, kodwa zinokufumaneka naphi na. I-trigger, kufuneka kuthiwe, yayiyi- izimvo zomfundiobengumongikazi malunga nendlela elungileyo yokubulala umntu: Ncama inaliti efakwe i-insulin. Ukusuka apho iqala inxalenye yamapolisa yencwadi.
- AL: Ngaba ungabuyela kwincwadi yokuqala oyifundileyo? Kwaye ibali lokuqala olibhalileyo?
JSL: Ndaqala ukufunda imibongo kwi UMiguel Hernandez y UJuan Ramon Jimenez, nangona ukuthetha inyaniso sele ndiphulaphule iimvumi-ababhali beengoma ezifana noJosé Luis Perales kunye no-Alberto Cortez ukususela ekubeni ndimncinci. Leyo yayiyimvelaphi yokwenene. Kwibali, emva kwexesha elincinci, ndikhumbula ukufundwa kwe-EGB Umkhondo, evela eSantillana, eyayimalunga nama-adventures. Ezinye zeencwadi endazifunda kamva zazi umalusi weebhokhwe, nguJuan Antonio de Laiglesia, Bonke abacuphi babizwa ngokuba yiFlanagan, ngu-Andreu Martín kunye noJaume Ribera, ababonakala kwi-shelf ye-bookstore kwinoveli yam. KUNYE yathi ikati fu, nguFrancisco J. Satué, owatyobela mna.
Kulo kubhala, ndema phandle imibongo. Umbongo endaphumelela ngawo ibhaso lasekuhlaleni ndisengumntwana wawungowodidi lukaHernández, nangona ndandikwazi nokubhala i-ode ekwindla okanye nantoni na ethi qatha engqondweni yam. Amabali am okuqala kwakufuneka abe izincoko zesikolo ngabantwana abenza ububi, uxolo okanye izilwanyana, kodwa namanqaku angeendawo zasemaphandleni nesixeko, izihloko ezilolo hlobo. Imigaqo yoxanduva.
Ababhali kunye neentlobo
- AL: Umbhali oyintloko? Unokukhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakwezinye iindawo.
JSL: UJordi Sierra i Fabrangenxa yomsebenzi wakhe Amasimi e-Strawberry Yayiyinkuthazo kum, kwaye yenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokusasaza ukufunda. Phakathi kweeklasikhi, Sophocles, Calderon, Shakespeare (UKumkani ophambili eyona nto ndiyithandayo), uDostoevsky, UCharlotte Brontë. Ngenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, kwaye ukutyhubela yonke inkulungwane, unamuno, uRamon IGomez de la Serna, Baroja, uArthur MillerItalo Calvino, uRoberto Bolano kunye noRaymond Umkhweli (ngamabali abo andikhuthazayo ukuba khwela umsinga), uTony Morrison (umbhali wanikwa iBhaso leNobel ngo-91) okanye uSoledad Puértolas. Kwinoveli emnyama, Chandler, UJuan Madrid, UJames M. Cain y UChester himes.
- AL: Nguwuphi umlinganiswa osencwadini onqwenela ukudibana naye kunye nokwenza?
JSL: Abalinganiswa bahlala kuwe ngathi ndidibene nabo ngokobuqu. Ngokuphathelele indalo yabanye, ndikhetha ukuba bayenze, nangeendlela endingenako. Kulapho kulele khona umlingo wokufunda.
- AL: Ngaba unayo nayiphi na imikhwa okanye imikhwa xa kufikwa ekubhaleni nasekufundeni?
JSL: Phulaphula jazz o Bossa Nova isixhobo. Yandisa ukuphumla kunye nemaski ingxolo.
- AL: Kwaye indawo oyikhethileyo kunye nexesha lokwenza oko?
JSL: Kwi isofa nakwitafile endinayo ecaleni kwakhe, ekhompyutheni. Ndithatha amanqaku ngosiba okanye ngosiba kwiidayari zam ezininzi.
- AL: Ngaba zikhona ezinye iintlobo ozithandayo?
JSL: Yonke into endenza ndicinge kwaye ndizive. Isenokuba yifayile ye- wedstopia ikamva, enye yeentlola, i-adventure, intandabuzo kunye nentshukumo, inoveli yenyani yentlalo okanye esondeleleneyo, ithiyetha, isincoko okanye isihobe. Andizivali ekufundeni nasiphi na isindululo esibonakala sinomdla kum.
- AL: Ufunda ntoni ngoku? Ukubhala?
JSL: Ndikunye American tabloid, de UJames ellroy, nangona ndineencwadi ezininzi ezisalindileyo kubabhali abandityikitye kwimisitho esiye sadibana kuyo, ukusuka kweyona izimeleyo ukuya kweyaziwayo.
Ngokumalunga nokubhala, ndinezinto ezingaqhelekanga umsebenzi oyimfihlo kwidrowa. Ngoku ndidala i ibali eliseMadridKubandakanya abacuphi abaqhathayo, iiarhente zezindlu, kunye nolutsha oluvukelayo, olunoburharha obuhlekisayo, isenzo esikhawulezileyo, kunye nokuthandabuza okuninzi.
UJorge Sánchez López — iPanorama yoHlelo
- AL: Ucinga ukuba unjani umcimbi wopapasho?
JSL: Ndicinga ukuba ikhona unikezelo oluninzi kwaye, nangona oku kunokuba necala layo elihle, kuyenziwa kufuneka ubeke isihluzo. Ndicinga ukuba sesinye isibonakaliso sobomi obukhawulezayo nobuxakekileyo esibuphilayo. Sikholelwa ukuba uhambo lomsebenzi ziinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ulibaleke kwaye ukupapasha rhoqo kokona kulungileyo. Kwaye kuyimfuneko ukubonakalisa, ukunika izicatshulwa zabo ixesha lokuyeka eluntwini, ukuba kukho ulwamkelo lomsebenzi kwaye une a indlela ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ngokubanzi, i ntengiso ngayo wahlutha kakhulu, inani leencwadi ezipapashwayo landa ngendlela eguquguqukayo engenakugcinwa. Iincwadi azihlali ixesha elide kwitafile okanye kwiishelufa ezintsha, kuba indawo incinci kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ziziphakamiso ezifanayo.
Umbhali ungenisa umbhalo-ngqangi kwaye unokwaliwa nge «Ayihambelani neprofayile esiyifunayo. Ndifuna incwadi ejongene nomhloli, ongeyena osondeleyo okanye odibeneyo, kwaye usethe kwindawo, akukho nto yokuhlola ihlabathi, kunye nezivakalisi ezimfutshane kwaye zithetha ngale nto kunye nokunye ». Yi ubuzwilakhe obubulala ubuchule, sebenzisa izicwangciso ze umthengisi ogqibelele kwiincwadi ukuba mhlawumbi bafuna enye i-niche yabafundi. Kwaye kuthetha isiprofeto esizizalisekisayo malunga noko abantu banomdla kuko. Ngoko ke sisichasi somsebenzi woncwadi.
ezahlukeneyo
Ngamanye amaxesha, njengomculo, ukhangela nje isingqi esichukumisayo, kodwa kuya kuba lihlazo ukuba awukwazi ukufumana izinto ezahlukeneyo. I Ndivuya kakhulu xa isindululo esahlukileyo Uyakwazi ukwenza indawo yakhe emhlabeni. Into entle malunga nezinto ezahlukeneyo kukuba kukho ubuncwane obuninzi obufihliweyo kwaye okufanele kwande linani labafundi.
Ngethamsanqa iincwadi ezipapashelwe mna andikaze ndikubone ukukhanya kwelanga ngenxa yeemfuno zolu hlobo, kodwa ndiyabulela kubapapashi abanesibindi ababeyazi indlela yokubona amandla abanokuba nawo ukufikelela kubafundi, nokuba bahambelana nomkhwa okhoyo okanye hayi. Andiyi kubhala into engaveli ngaphakathi kum, njengoko uBukowski wacebisa kumbongo wakhe odumileyo. Amabali am aya kuba nezivakalisi ezininzi okanye ezincinci kunye nezahluko ezimfutshane okanye ezide, ziya kusekwa eMorocco, eDublin okanye eMadrid, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yifashoni.
- AL: Ingaba eli xesha siphila kulo linzima kuwe okanye uza kukwazi ukugcina into eyakhayo kwinkcubeko nentlalontle?
I-JSL: Ilizwe lasemva kobhubhani lizise uqhushumbo lwenkcubeko, yiyo loo nto umdla wokufunda nobunye ubugcisa unyukile. Ndicinga ukuba le yeyona nto ilungileyo. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ukuba siyayazi indlela yokuxhaphaza bonke obo buchule bokuyila, siya kube siqhubela phambili siye kwinto engcono.