Inoveli emnyama

"Inoveli yelizwe elinolwazi lolwaphulo-mthetho", kunye nelo binzana uRaymond Chandler uchaze inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho kwisincoko Ubugcisa obulula bokubulala (1950). Uninzi luthatha ngokwahluka kwebali "leklasikhi" okanye lomcuphi waseBritane. Kwabanye, yinto nje "efanayo" eyenzelwe ukuchonga uncwadi olucacisa abecuphi okanye abaphandi apho ukubulala kufuneka kusonjululwe.

Akusoloko kusamkelwa kakuhle ngabagxeki okanye ngabafundi "abafundileyo" ukusukela oko yavela kwisithuba seshumi leminyaka le-XNUMX. Nangona abanye Ababhali-mbali balatha kwimvelaphi yale nxalenye ngo-1841, xa kwakupapashwa Izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zesitalato sasemakhazeni de Edgar Allan Poe. Ngayiphi na imeko, inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho ihlala ibhalisa amanani agqwesileyo kwintengiso.

Ngaphambi nasemva Imask emnyama

Abo bayayixabisayo inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho njengohlobo olwahlulwa kwiincoko zabecuphi base-Bhritane, bakhomba kunyaka we-1920 njengendawo yabo yokuqala. Enkosi kwisiseko semagazini Imask emnyama eUnited States. Yayiyiposi ipulp egcwele amabali ezimbo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemixholo, ezilungele ababhali abasakhulayo bamabali abecuphi.

Isini esifanayo? Umahluko phakathi kolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nenoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho

Amagama anje ngoArthur Conan Doyle kunye Agatha Christie, Uncede ekubumbeni inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho (nokuba bayachongwa njengababhali bale ndlela). Ngale ndlela (ngaphandle kocwangco ngokulandelelana) ezinye izinto ezahlukileyo phakathi kwala maqela mabini zichazwe apha ngezantsi. Izinto zihlala zikhankanywa ukuxhasa izikhundla "zokwahlulahlula".

Ukuseta

Kwiimeko ezininzi, Iinoveli zase-Bhritane zisetelwe kwi-bourgeois nakwisetingi esesidlangalaleni. Kwimeko apho isidima sinobunzima obuthile ngaphakathi kwezi ndawo zininzi. Ngokuchasene noko, kumabali Mnyama isenzo senzeka ngaphakathi kwindawo ezazisingelwe phantsi.

Indawo

Ababhali baseMelika abakwaziyo ukwahlula isitayile seklasikhi banikezela ngeenkcazo eziyinyani. Kuyenzeka ukuba wazi ngokweenkcukacha ezinye iindawo zaseLos Angeles okanye eNew York ngokufunda la mabali. Banokubonelela ngolwazi oluncinci olwaziwayo kwezinye iindawo kwakwesi sixeko. Ngokungafaniyo neendaba zaseBritane, apho ezona ndawo zisetiweyo zilula.

Ngelixa kunokuba nokubaluleka okuthile ngamaxesha athile, idla ngokuba yimeko nje. Umzekelo: Ukufa kumNayilenguAgatha Christie.

Abalingiswa

Kwinoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho imida phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi iyahluka kakhulu, phantse ingabikho. Abalinganiswa abaphambili (abaphandi abanganyanzelekanga ukuba babe ngabacuphi ngorhwebo) baphula imigaqo yokusombulula ityala kwaye ngaphandle kokutyeshela izibonelelo zakho.

Ngokukwanjalo, abachasi banokuba nesidima kwaye babe nobubele. Ke, imeko yokuziphatha ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwisigqibo somfundi. Ngamnye uthatha isigqibo-kwaye ngokuzithoba uyathethelela-indlela abaqonda ngayo abantu abasebalini. Kwelinye icala, abalinganiswa besiNgesi bahluleke ngokungafaniyo phakathi "kokulungileyo nokubi", ngaphandle kokungacaci.

Uhlalutyo lwentlalo

Inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho ivela kwiintsuku zasemva kwemfazwe. Kwimeko-bume enemeko yoxinzelelo olukhulu. Ke, ubunyani bezinto ezininzi kwezi akhawunti zisebenza njengokugxekwa kwezentlalo. Imbonakalo engavalwanga kwaye ingenaswekile kwingxaki eyandileyo eMelika.

Ubungxowankulu babufumene indawo entle. Nangona ngaphandle kokuphazamisa eyona njongo iphambili, oko kukubonisa ibali elonwabisayo eligcwele isenzo kunye nobundlobongela. Ke ngoko, imele ikhefu ngesimbo "seklasikhi" sokubaliswa kancinci enika umfundi ixesha elaneleyo "lokuhlafuna" kuzo zonke iinkcukacha.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho: i-anecdote

YayinguAndreu Martín, umbhali wenoveli waseSpain owayephakathi kweentsomi ezimnyama, owasebenzisa eli gama ukubhekisa ekubalulekeni kolwaphulo-mthetho oluchazwe kumabali olu hlobo. Abayonto iyenye ngaphandle kwesizathu, isango lokufumana inyani kwaye abafundi bafumanisa okanye bacinge ukuba bahlala kuluntu lwabantu abalungileyo.

Okungakumbi njenge "hlabathi lokwenyani"

Imeko yenoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho ihlala ibonisa iingxaki zemihla ngemihla zobuntu. Yiyo loo nto urhwaphilizo, ukuzingca kunye nobundlobongela busalawula. Kwangokunjalo, izizathu zabaphuli-mthetho zihlala zithobela ubuthathaka bomntu, isono.

Ngokuhambelana izithunzi zomphefumlo womntu ziyabhenelwa: iintlungu, umsindo, ukuziphindezela, ukulambela amandla, ukuzimela, ukuthanda… Olu ayilulo uphando lwento elungileyo ephezulu. Akukho gumbi lokuthelekelela lohlobo "isiphelo siyazicacisa iindlela." Kodwa lo ngumgaqo osetyenziswe ngabalinganiswa abaphambili ukufikelela enyanisweni kwaye wenze ubulungisa.

Ii-antihero zokuqala

I-antihero yinto ethandwayo kakhulu kule mihla ngenxa yesinema. Abalinganiswa abanoxanduva abakwaziyo ukuchaneka kwezopolitiko. Kodwa kwakude kudala Deadpool yaba sisalathiso, "iinoveli ezimnyama" zazisele zingene kule ndlela.

Umahluko kubacuphi "bakudala" abanjengoSherlock Holmes okanye uHercules Puirot uyaphawuleka., abalinganiswa abaphambili beenoveli zolwaphulo-mthetho ngabalinganiswa abaphoxekileyo. Ngesi sizathu, abakholelwa kule nkqubo (bayayilwa xa benethuba) kwaye bathambekele ekuthatheni ubulungisa bebodwa.

Olona lubaluleke kakhulu

Ukuqonda imvelaphi yenoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho, Kukho ababhali abathathu ekujongwa kwakhona kubalulekile. Eyokuqala kubo nguCarroll John Daly. Kucingwa ukuba ngutata wolu hlobo lweengcamango zoncwadi. UDashiell Hammet kunye noRaymond Chandler lelinye lamagama amabini.

Abacuphi

Owokuqala ngumdali weSam Spade. Umcuphi oyintsomi odumileyo wenyuka ngenxa yomdlalo bhanyabhanya kwaye ixesha elide wayesaziwa eMelika kunoSherlock Holmes. U-Humpry Bogart wamenza ukuba aziqhelanise nenoveli engaziwayo, I-Falcon yaseMalta. Kwelinye icala, UChandler washiya igama likaPhilip Marlowe kwizizukulwana ezizayo.

Isini esikhoyo nesisempilweni

Inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho yayisezidolophini phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Amabali abecuphi - kunye noJames Bond kwi-helm- bebe indawo elungileyo yokuqaqamba. Ukongeza, ngelo xesha kwakuthathwa njengoncwadi "lwesibini", olwenzelwe ukonwabisa abantu abasebenzayo kuphela Ngolunye ulwazi, iphephancwadi Imask emnyama Wanyamalala.

Nangona kunjalo, iwaka leminyaka elitsha labona ukuvela kwegama elitsha. Ngubani, nangona ukufa ngesiquphe, wanikela umbono yaseYurophu uhlobo. Ewe, ayiyiyo eyokuqala, kodwa iyona nto ibonakalisa kakhulu kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Imalunga noStieg Larsson kunye nesaga yakhe Millennium. Baninzi abanye ababhali abasebenzayo abayila iziza ezitsha, ezaneleyo ukuba banikezele isicatshulwa esikhethekileyo kubo.