Indlela yokubhala isincoko esinengxabano

Isicatshulwa sengxoxo seso silungiselelwe ngenjongo yokweyisela okanye ukuphembelela umfundi malunga nokufaneleka kwengcamango equlethwe kumbhalo. Ukwenzela oku, kusoloko kuyimfuneko ukucacisa uluhlu lweziseko ezisebenzayo kunye/okanye zethiyori ngokumalunga nombandela. Ke ngoko, lowo ukhuphayo kufuneka abe nolwazi oluqinileyo nolunokuqinisekiswa kumcimbi oxoxiwe.

Wonke umbhalo wengxoxo ufuna ingongoma ecacileyo nelula ukuyiqonda kumamkeli womyalezo. Ukongeza, olu hlobo lokubhala kufuneka lubonise indawo okanye imbono ethile ngokusebenzisa amagqabantshintshi anesiseko esihle (esichasayo okanye esichasayo). Umzekelo: inqaku lomhleli, inqaku loluvo, ukukhanyela, inkcazo yezizathu, isincoko esigxekayo, phakathi kwezinye.

Amanyathelo okubhala isincoko esinengxabano

Misela ukuma

Injongo yaso nasiphi na isicatshulwa sengxoxo kukucacisa ukuba kutheni inyani, imbono okanye isigqibo siyindlela enye kwaye ingabi yenye. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwakhiwe ukuqiqa ngaphandle kweengcamango, ucalucalulo okanye ucalucalulo, nangona, ngexesha elifanayo, kufuneka libonise isikhundla. Loo mbono ayithethi ukuba inye, inokuba zizikhundla ezibini nangaphezulu malunga nomxholo okanye impixano.

Yenza isiphakamiso kwaye usixhase

Ngokuqhelekileyo, Kumhlathi wokuqala wesicatshulwa sengxoxo, isiphakamiso sinikezelwa ngenjongo yokucacisa ukuba yintoni isihloko esikhethiweyo kwaye kutheni.. Emva koko, kuyimfuneko ukubonisa ulungelelwaniso lwesiphakamiso esixeliweyo apho izizathu ze-neuralgic zohlalutyo zikhuselwe.

Oku kubalulekile kuba ezona ngxoxo zikholelekayo zigqithisa injongo kumfundi kunye nengcaciso ecacileyo yembono enye okanye ngaphezulu. Ulungelelwaniso olunjalo phakathi koluvo lomniki kunye nokuthembeka kwengqikelelo lufezekiswa ngokubandakanywa kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba zizixhobo zengxoxo.

Uninzi lwemithombo yengxabano eqhelekileyo

• Iingcaphulo zeVerbatim ezivela kubabhali abaziwayo (iingxoxo ezivela kwabasemagunyeni);
• Iinkcazelo ezichanekileyo;
• Imizekelo (iingxoxo zothelekiso) kunye nokukhankanywa koshicilelo olunesalathisi (ushicilelo, amanqaku enzululwazi, imithetho)…;
• Yichaza ngenye indlela;
• Izinto ezithathiweyo;
• Ulungelelaniso, ubalo kunye nezikim ezibonwayo.

Beka iziphumo ezinokubakho zeemeko ezahlukeneyo

Isicatshulwa esilungileyo sengxoxo siquka iingxoxo ezikwaziyo ukubonisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo zexesha elizayo. Ngamanye amazwi, undoqo wenqaku kufuneka udlulele ngaphaya kokuqinisekisa ubume bomkhuphi ukonakalisa ezinye iimbono.. Kungenjalo, umbhalo uba mfiliba; Ngoko ke, ayisebenzi ukukholisa kwaye incinci kakhulu ukutshintsha uluvo lomfundi.

Ngokuka, Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kukhatshwe ulungelelwaniso kunye nenkcazo yeziphumo ezahlukeneyo -ayilungelanga kangako- kwezinye iimbono. Kule nto, kunethuba elihle lokuqhelana nokuphathwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxoxo (kubandakanywa neengxoxo ezikhankanywe ngasentla zegunya kunye neengxoxo ze-analogies). Zichazwe ngezantsi:

• iingxoxo ezibambayo: Intelekelelo ikhokelela kwisigqibo esaziwayo okanye esikhethekileyo.
• Iingxoxo ezikhuthazayo: Isiseko sisekelwe kumava kwaye sikhokelela kwisigqibo ngokubanzi.
• iingxoxo zokuxhwila: yintekelelo ekufuneka icaciswe okanye ihlengahlengiswe.
• Ukuqiqa: iqulethe izindululo ezichanekileyo ezikhokelela kwisigqibo esingenakuphikiswa.
• Iingxoxo ezinokwenzeka: zixhaswa yidatha yamanani.
• iingxoxo ezichaphazelayo: yintetho enomtsalane kwiimvakalelo zomfundi.

Isigqibo

Ukuphela kwengxoxo kufuneka kubandakanye ukuvala okufutshane (ngaphandle kokushiya iziphelo ezikhululekile) zomcimbi okanye ingxabano ephakanyisiweyo. Ngokuhambelana, umhlathi wokugqibela unokubandakanya isimemo sokwandisa uhlalutyo. Ngaloo ndlela, umfundi ufumana umfanekiso opheleleyo—indawo yombhali, amazwi acatshulwe kwiingcali nakwiimeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zekamva—nto leyo emvumelayo ukuba azenzele olwakhe uluvo.

Ukwakheka kwesicatshulwa sengxoxo

Intshayelelo

Ibandakanya inkcazo yembono yombhali, umxholo womba okanye ingxaki ejongwe kunye nengcamango ephambili ekhuselwe kwisicatshulwa (ithisisi yokuqala).

Umzimba wengxabano

Qonda ukukhula kombono, idatha, iingcaphuno ezivela kubantu abanegunya kulo mbandela, iziphumo ezinokwenzeka zezinye izikhundla kunye nokuchasene nendlela yombhali.

Isiphelo

Igubungela ingxabano yokugqibela kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwamanqaku aphambili kwisifundo esiphathwayo kunye neengcebiso zexesha elizayo (ukuba ziyasebenza). Njengoko kunokubonwa, igcina ifana Ulwakhiwo lwesincoko.

Ukubaluleka kwengxoxo

Esi sisakhono esiluncedo kakhulu senzululwazi yezentlalo xa unxibelelana kwaye ukhusela umbono othile. Ngenxa yoko, Ukufezekisa esi buchule kunceda abantu bajongane ngokufanelekileyo nokungaqiniseki kwabo ngelixa bephuhlisa izakhono zokuhlalutya. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ingxoxo isisiseko sengxoxo.

Kwimida yobungcali, iingxoxo kunye nengxoxo zizakhono ezibalulekileyo kuye nawuphi na umnxibelelanisi ophumeleleyo. Ngale ndlela, umntu unethuba lokufumana esona sivumelwano sifanelekileyo kuye (okanye kwinkampani ayimeleyo). Ngokunjalo, ezi zakhono zonxibelelwano ziququzelela ukuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso zomsebenzi weqela, kunye nokutshintshiselana ngezimvo.

Imvumelwano kwingxoxo yoluntu

Akunakwenzeka ukuba ucinge ngengxoxo kawonke-wonke engenampikiswano nentlonipho kwabanye equlunqwe ngokusetyenziswa kolwimi olufanelekileyo.. Ngaphandle kwaloo migaqo, ingxoxo iba yi-cacophonous, ingenangqiqo kwaye ingenakugcinwa. Akulolize, utshintshiselwano lwezimvo oluphucukileyo luyimfuneko kulo naliphi na ibutho labantu ukuze kuqondwe kuze kulungiswe iingxaki ezifanayo.

Kakade ke, nakweyiphi na indawo kawonke-wonke—ngokomzekelo, kwiingxoxo zobupolitika—iimpikiswano zinokuba shushu. Ngendlela enye, izithethi ezinamava ngakumbi zidla ngokusebenzisa isigqebelo njengomthombo ukuze bajongele phantsi isikhundla sabachasi babo. Ukongezelela, abathathi-nxaxheba bengxoxo-mpikiswano kufuneka bafikelele kwimvumelwano kwangaphambili kwimigaqo yengxoxo.

Ukusuka kwisicatshulwa sengxoxo ukuya kwingxoxo

Ingxoxo-mpikiswano ngenkcazo ijongene nesihloko esinempikiswano kunye nesifanelekileyo, ngale ndlela, kuvela umdla wendalo ovela kuyo okunengqiqo kukujongana neengcamango. Emva koko, Ngokucacileyo, amalungu embambano kufuneka azilungiselele kwangaphambili ukuze akhusele iimbono zawo. Oko kukuthi, uphonononge umcimbi oza kuxoxwa, wazi umchasi wakho kwaye uziqhelanise neentetho zakho.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba indlela iingxoxo ezibunjwe ngayo—intshayelelo, ingcaciso yokuqala, ingxoxo nesiphelo—zifana ncakasana naleyo ibibhengezwe ngaphambili kwisicatshulwa sengxoxo. Ngesi sizathu, Eyona ngcebiso inengqiqo kuye nawuphi na umthathi-nxaxheba kwingxoxo-mpikiswano, ngokuchanekileyo, ukubhala isicatshulwa sokuphikisana. Ukongeza, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela imisebenzi yemodareyitha:

• Yazisa isihloko;
• Nika ithuba lokungenelela kwabathathi-nxaxheba;
• Ukubeka iliso kwixesha longenelelo;
• Ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kolwimi olunentlonipho;
• Qinisekisa ukuba iingxoxo-mpikiswano zigxininisa kwisihloko ekuvunyelwene ngaso.

Izicatshulwa ezidumileyo zengxoxo (iintetho)

• Ndinephupha (Ndinephupha), uMartin Luther King Omnci.
• U-Evita (uMaría Eva Duarte de Perón) intetho ngoSuku lomSebenzi kwiPlaza de Mayo (ngoMeyi 1, 1952).