Stefan Zweig Quote
Xa umsebenzisi we-Intanethi ecela ukukhangela "iincwadi zikaStefan Zweig", iziphumo zibonisa ezona zihloko zidumileyo zombhali wase-Austrian, intatheli, i-biographer, umbhali wemidlalo kunye nomlweli wentlalontle. Ngokwenene, umbhali waseViennese wayengumyili obalaseleyo wamabali, ephula iirekhodi zokuthengisa kwaye waba ngoyena mbhali oguqulelwayo othetha isiJamani ngexesha lemfazwe.
Ngokukodwa UZweig waba ngumbulelo odumileyo kuye nouvelles (iinoveli ezimfutshane). Phakathi kwezi ukuma: Uloyiko (1920) Ileta evela kumntu ongamaziyo (1922), Ukubhideka kweemvakalelo (1927) kunye inoveli yechess (1942). Kwakhona wabhala iinoveli ezininzi ezigxekwayo, ezifana ukuhlonela uThixo okuyingozi (1939) kunye Ukuxilwa kwe-metamorphosis (yapapashwa emva kokuba kufa ngo-1982).
Uncwadi lukaStefan Zweig
UZweig upapashe izicatshulwa zebhayografi ezilishumi elinesixhenxe, i-autobiography kunye nezihloko ezingaphezu kwama-40 ezibandakanya iincwadi ezingezizo ezenyani, amabali amafutshane, imidlalo, imibongo, iinoveli kunye nouvelles. kuzo zonke iiposti zakho umbhali waseOstriya wabonisa ukucokiseka kubuchule bakhe bokubalisa kwaye wayenenyameko ekwakhiweni kwabalinganiswa bakhe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abahlalutyi beencwadi bahlala bemchaza "njengombhali wakudala."
Ngokufanayo, Ukucokiseka kophando lwakhe kuyabonakala kwimisebenzi efana nesincoko IiMasters ezintathu (1920), okubandakanya izifundo zikaZweig zeBalzac, iDickens kunye Dostoevsky. Ngendlela efanayo, umbhali waseOstriya waphonononga ubomi waza wacinga ngoFriedrich Hölderlin, uHeinrich von Kleist noFriedrich Nietzsche, phakathi kwabanye.
Isishwankathelo seenoveli ezintathu zeseminal nguStefan Zweig
Ileta evela kumntu ongamaziyo (Ngokufutshane einer Unbekannten, 1922)
umbhali wenoveli owaziwayo —ichongwe kuphela ngokuthi “R”— ubuyela eVienna emva kweholide, ngomhla wakhe wokuzalwa wama-41. fumana i- ileta evela emfazini ayaziwa ithini ndifunde wonke umsebenzi wakhe kwaye zive kakhulu ndimthanda. Eli nenekazi likwabanga ukuba lineminyaka engamashumi amabini limazi, xa lalineminyaka esibhozo ubudala kwaye limbukele ngokufihlakeleyo kwindlu eselumelwaneni.
Kamva, xa intombazana yayineminyaka eyi-18. waba ngomnye wabalandeli abaninzi bombhali kwaye wakhulelwa. Phezu kwazo nje iimeko zakhe, ukhetha ukuba ngumama ongenaqabane ukuze angaphazamisi umsebenzi wendoda yoncwadi. Noko ke, umntwana wafa kwaye umfazi ongaqondakaliyo wagqiba ekubeni ambhalele ileta, ekufuneka ayifunde "kuphela emva kokufa kwakhe."
ukuhlonela uThixo okuyingozi (Ungeduld des Herzens, 1939)
Anton Hoffmiller, igosa lamahashe eAustro-Hungarian layalela kumda wobukumkani, umenyiwe ethekweni kwindlu yomnini-mhlaba osisityebi wasekuhlaleni. Umnyhadala unobukhazikhazi, uchasene nenkqubo ekruqulayo ye-barracks. Apho, i-protagonist, ukonwatyiswa bubuhle kunye newayini, imema intombi ethandekayo yomkhosi ukuba idanise.
Kodwa, ngelo xesha ijoni lifumanisa ukuba le ntwazana ingumlwelwe ngenxa yesifo esoyikekayo. Kancinci kancinci, uvelwano kunye netyala ziphela zihamba noHofmiller, ophela ebandakanyeka kwiyelenqe elingaqhelekanga ngeenjongo ezintle. Ngelixa injongo yayikukubuyisela i-heiress kwimpilo, isicwangciso sikhokelela ekubanjweni okubuhlungu.
Inoveli de chess (Die Schachnovelle, 1941)
Umdlalo wechess wenzeka enqanaweni phakathi kwabadlali ababini abangenabubele: UGqr B, umkhweli ongachazwanga igama lakhe, ngokuchasene noMirko Czentovic. Le yokugqibela yintshatsheli yehlabathi kwaye ibonisa i-automatisms yomatshini. Kwelinye icala, amacebo kaGqr. B asekelwe kumava akhe abuhlungu, ekubeni wavalelwa entolongweni waza wancinwa ngamaGestapo kangangeenyanga.
Ngokuchanekileyo, kuloo mabanjwa, uGqr. weba incwadi ye-chess kwaye ngokunyanzelekileyo waphinda wayidlala imidlalo engqondweni yakhe njengendlela yokunciphisa ukubandezeleka kwakhe. Kodwa, umdlalo ochasene noCzentovic ukhumbula ukwenzakala kwakhe kunye ne "chess vice", ngelixa elindele ukuhamba komdlalo entlokweni yakhe. Kwincopho yebali, uGqr ubhengeza ukuzithoba kwakhe kwimbangi engenalusini.
Ezinye iinyani zebhayografi malunga noStefan Zweig
UStefan Zweig
Ukuzalwa nosapho
Wazalelwa eVienna ngoNovemba 28, 1881. Wayengumntwana wesibini womtshato wamaYuda phakathi kukaMoritz Zweig, usomashishini ocebileyo we-textile, kunye no-Ida Brettauer, inzala yentsapho yasebhanki. Ngokuphathelele ukholo lwakho, Ingqondi yaseOstriya kamva yathi yena nomntakwabo baluzuza njengelifa inkolo yamaHebhere “ngengozi yokuzalwa”.
Iimpembelelo, ulutsha kunye nezifundo
UStefan oselula waba nobuganga bokufaka imibongo yakhe kumaphephandaba asekuhlaleni xa wayengumfundi wesikolo esiphakamileyo. Enyanisweni, xa wayeneminyaka eli-16 ubudala wayesele eyigqibile imibhalo-ngqangi eliqela neengqokelela zeGoethe, iMozart neBeethoven. Kamva, wafunda iFilosofi kunye neMbali yoNcwadi kwiYunivesithi yaseVienna.
Ngexesha lakhe eyunivesithi, iimpapasho zakhe zokuqala zavela.: amabali amaphupha alityelweyo (1900) kunye Intwasahlobo kuMthandazo (1900), kunye nemibongo iintambo zesilivere (1901). Emva kokufumana iPhD yakhe kwiFilosofi (1904), wayityhutyha iYurophu de waya kuzinza eSalzburg ngowe-1913. Emva kokuthatha inxaxheba kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I, wazibhokoxa ekushumayeleni uxolo ubomi bakhe bonke.
Ubuhlobo obuphawulekayo
UStefan Zweig wayewuthanda umsebenzi kaSigmund Freud (umba ocacileyo kwiincwadi ezingobomi nakwizincoko zakhe). Hayi ilize, Enye yezona ncwadi zidumileyo zombhali waseViennese yinoveli yezengqondo: ukuhlonela uThixo okuyingozi (1939). Ngokufanayo, wakha ubuhlobo namadoda amaninzi awayephila ngelo xesha—ingakumbi emva kokuthinjwa kwakhe ngowe-1934—; phakathi kwabo:
- Eugene Relgis
- UHermann Hesse
- Pierre-Jean Jouve
- UThomas Mann
- UMax Reinhardt
- Albert Einstein.
Imitshato, ubomi bomntu kunye nokufa
Ngowe-1908, uZweig wadibana noFriderike Maria von Winternitz, awamtshata ngowe-1920. Babeneentombi ezimbini. Wayesoloko emncedisa kuphando lwakhe, efunda iincwadi ezithunyelwa kumbhali, ebhala iileta zokumbulela, yaye emxhasa ebudeni bamaxesha akhe odandatheko oluqatha. Esi sibini baqhawula umtshato ngowe-1938 yaye kunyaka olandelayo umbhali waseVienna watshata noLotte Altmann.
Ngowe-1934, ukwanda kokuchasa amaYuda kwamnyanzelela elubhacweni; wayehlala eParis, eArgentina, eParaguay naseBrazil. NgoFebruwari 1942 umbhali kunye nomfazi wakhe wesibini bagqiba ukuzibulala Ngokusebenzisa i-barbiturate overdose- ePetropolis, eBrazil. Kumaxesha amva nje, ilifa lombhali waseViennese liye labuyela enkathazweni ngenxa yohlelo oluninzi lwemibhalo yakhe ngo-2010s.
Eyona bhayografi eyaziwa kakhulu kaStefan Zweig
- Amaxesha eStellar oluntu (1927)
- Ukuphiliswa ngoMoya (1931)
- UMarie Antoinette (1932)
- UMaria stuart (1934)
- I-Erasmus yaseRotterdam (1934).