"Igumbi Lakho", incwadi kaVirginia Woolf.
UVirginia Woolf wayengumbhali wase-Bhritane owayehlala kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-XNUMX, ukufika ngexesha kumashumi eminyaka ka-1910, 1920 no-1930, nangona eminye yemisebenzi yakhe yapapashwa emva kokuba efile. Ungomnye wabantu abadumileyo kuncwadi lwangoku lwaseYurophu, ngokulingana noThomas Mann noJames Joyce.
Wayekwiqela labazobi be-avant-garde kunye nezifundiswa ezibizwa ngokuba yiBloomsbury Circle, ekwabandakanya uRoger Fry, uClive Bell, uDuncant Grant, uBertrand Russell noVanessa Bell, udade wombhali. Wayekwangumsunguli, kunye nomyeni wakhe uLeonard Woolf, wendlu yokupapasha yeHogarth Press.
Iindlela zikaVirginia Woolf
Ubhale ikakhulu iinoveli, amabali amafutshane kunye nezincoko. Imisebenzi yakhe ibonakaliswa ngokwaphula umgca wokubaliswa kwesiko (ukwenziwa kwabalinganiswa - isiphelo esiphakathi) kunye nokugxila kubomi bangaphakathi babalinganiswa bakhe, ababonisa ngokusebenzisa iingcinga zangaphakathi kunye neziganeko zemihla ngemihla.
Ukwangumfuziselo wentshukumo yabasetyhini kwiminyaka yee-1970, xa umsebenzi wakhe wawuqwalaselwayo. Enyanisweni, Iincwadi zakhe ziphakathi kwemisebenzi ebalaseleyo yobufazi. Oku kunxulumene nobufazi ikakhulu kungenxa yesincoko sakhe Igumbi lam, apho iphakamisa ubunzima ababhekane nabo ababhali ngexesha labo ngenxa yesimo sabo njengabafazi.
I-Biography
UAdeline Virginia Stephen wazalelwa eKensington, London, ngoJanuwari 25, 1882. Wayeyintombi kaLeslie Stephen, okwangumbhali, kunye noJulia Prinsep Jackson, owayedla ngokuba ngumzekelo wabapeyinti be-Pre-Raphaelite. Wakhula ejikelezwe ziincwadi kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa. Khange aye ngokusesikweni kumaziko emfundo, kodwa wayefundiswe ekhaya ngabazali bakhe kunye nabahlohli babucala.
Ukususela ebutsheni bakhe, wayenomdla wokudakumba kwaye wabonisa iimpawu ezinxulumene nokuphazamiseka kubuntu. Nangona ezi meko zingabunciphisanga ubukrelekrele bakhe, zabangela iingxaki zakhe zempilo kwaye ekugqibeleni zakhokelela ekuzibulaleni ngo-1941.
Emva kokubhubha kwabazali bakhe, waya kuhlala nabantakwabo u-Adrián kunye noVanessa kwikhaya lokugqibela kwisitalato iBloomsbury.. Apho waseka ubudlelwane kunye nababhali abahlukeneyo, amagcisa kunye nabagxeki, ababumba iBloomsbury Circle eyaziwayo. Eli qela lenziwe ngabantu abavela kumasebe ahlukeneyo olwazi kunye nobugcisa. Babenombono ofanayo wokugxekwa (bahlala behlekisa) ababonisa ngomsebenzi wabo ngokubhekisele kwiPuritanism nakwimilinganiselo yobuhle yeVictorian.
Kule meko, wadibana nomhleli kunye nomlobi obalaseleyo uLeonard Woolf, owatshata naye ngo-1912, xa uVirginia wayeneminyaka engama-30 ubudala.. Ngomnyaka we-1917 basungula iHogarth Press kunye, eya kuba yenye yezona zinkulu eLondon ngelo xesha. Bapapasha umsebenzi kaVirginia noLeonard phaya, kunye nabanye ababhali abaziwayo belo xesha abanjengoSigmund Freud, Katherine Mansfield, TS Elliot, Laurens van der Post, kunye neenguqulelo zoncwadi lwaseRussia.
Ukucaphula nguVirginia Woolf.
Ngexesha le-1920s wayenobudlelwane bezothando kunye nombhali uVictoria Sackville-West, awayinikela kuye inoveli yakhe Orlando. Le nyani ayikhange ibangele ukuwohloka komtshato wabo, kuba bobabini noogxa babo babephikisana nokuzikhethela ngokwesini kunye nobukrakra bexesha lama-Victorian.
Ngomnyaka we-1941 wahlupheka ixesha elide, eyachukunyiswa kukonakaliswa kwendlu yakhe ngexesha lokuqhushumba kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi kunye nezinye izizathu. Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesibhozo kwinyanga yoKwindla ngaloo nyaka wazibulala ngokuntywila kwi-River Ouse. Ukuhlala kwakhe kuphumla eSussex, phantsi komthi.
Ulwakhiwo
Iinoveli zakhe ezipapashiweyo zezi:
- Ukuphela kohambo (1915)
- Ubusuku nemini (1919)
- Igumbi likaYakobi (1922)
- UNksk Dalloway (1925)
- Kwigumbi lokukhanya (1927)
- Orlando (1928)
- Imivalo (1931)
- Ukutshiza (1933)
- Iminyaka (1937)
- Phakathi kwezenzo (1941)
Amabali akhe amafutshane amaninzi apapashwe ngokudityaniswa okuhlukeneyo. Oku kubandakanya: Izitiya zeKew (1919) NgoMvulo okanye uLwesibini (1921) Ingubo entsha (1924) Indlu eHununted kunye naManye amaBali amaFutshane (1944) Iqela likaNksk Dalloway (1973) kunye Fiction eFutshane epheleleyo (1985).
Uye wapapasha i-biografi yeqabane lakhe uRoger Fry ngo-1940 kunye nezincoko ezininzi kunye neetekisi ezingezizo ezobuxoki.phakathi kwazo: Intsomi yanamhlanje (1919) Umfundi oqhelekileyo (1925) Igumbi lam (1929) Londres (1931) Ukufa kwenundu nezinye iincwadi (1942) Abafazi kunye noncwadi (1979) kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ngelo xesha unokufumana imisebenzi yakhe epheleleyo yokukhuphela simahla.
UVirginia Woolf ubonise iincwadi
UNksk Dalloway
UNksk Dalloway ngowokuqala kwiinoveli zikaVirginia Woolf ukufezekisa udumo olubanzi kunye noluntu ngokubanzi emva kokupapashwa kwayo ngo-1925, ukuya kwinqanaba lokuthathwa njengodidi loncwadi lwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Isixelela ngemini ebomini bukaClarissa Dalloway, inenekazi laseLondon, umfazi wesekela. Nangona ubomi be-protagonist buyi-banal kwaye akukho nto igqithileyo ngokwembali eyenzeka kulo lonke ibali, ubutyebi balo msebenzi bulele kwinto yokuba ibaliswa ngeengcinga kunye nembono yabalinganiswa, ejika ibali eliqhelekileyo libe yinto ethile, zombini zisondele kumfundi nakwindalo iphela.
En UNksk Dalloway kukho indawo yefantasy, imibhiyozo kunye nentlekele evela mihla le. Njengoko kubaliswa ngeengcinga, kwenzeka ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwaye kunika umbono wobomi beklasi ephezulu yaseLondon emva kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala. Imifanekiso yakhe yemibongo kunye nenoveli yakhe imbeka kumgca ofanayo Ulysses NguJames Joyce.
Orlando
I-Orlando: ibhayografi, yinoveli ebalisa ngezinto ezingahambi kakuhle kunye nohambo lwaseOrlando, isigantsontso sesiNgesi, ohlala kwixesha likaElizabethan ukuya kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Ngeli xesha, wayeka ukuba ngumbhali ohloniphekileyo wenkundla waya kuba ngunozakuzaku eTurkey, apho ngenye intsasa wavuka engumfazi. Inyani yokuba ngumfazi izisa ubunzima obuninzi xa uzama ukufumana iipropathi, kwaye njengoko iinkulungwane zihamba kukhokelela kweminye imiqobo emininzi kunye nokwala.
Orlando yingqokelela yeembali ngobomi babantu abakhulu bembali. Igcwele izalathiso kuncwadi lwakudala, ngakumbi uShakespeare kwaye ujongana nemicimbi enempikiswano ngelo xesha enjengobungqingili kunye nendima yesini.
Ubugcisa malunga neVirginia Woolf eludongeni.
Imivalo
Yapapashwa ngo-1931, emva kokuba uNkskz. dalloway y Kwigumbi lokukhanya, Gqibezela, kunye nezi zimbini, iVirginia Woolf's trilogy yeenoveli zovavanyo. Abagxeki abaninzi kuthathwa njengomsebenzi wakhe onzima kakhulu.
Incwadana ibalisa ibali labahlobo abathandathu (uRhoda, uBernard, uLouis, uSusan, uJinny noNeville) ngamazwi abo. Abalinganiswa batyhila ubomi babo, amaphupha abo, uloyiko lwabo kunye neengcinga zabo nge-monologues. Kodwa ayizizo ii-monologues zemveli kwisitayile semidlalo yeqonga, kodwa ziingcinga kunye nemibono edibanisa kwaye inike umfundi kancinci kancinci umfanekiso welizwe elingaphakathi lomlinganiswa ngamnye.
Njengo UNksk Dalloway Inoveli ebalulekileyo yokwazi kunye nokufunda ingxelo yase-avant-garde yaseYurophu, kunye noncwadi lwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX ngokubanzi.