ICompass yeGolide.
ICompass yeGolide (1995) ngu isihloko sokuqala kuthotho Umcimbi omnyama, yenziwe ngumlobi oliNgesi uPhillip Pullman. Izakhelwe ngaphakathi kuhlobo loncwadi oluyifantasy, yincwadi enabalinganiswa abanzulu kakhulu, abenziwe kakuhle, ejikeleze imixholo eyahlukeneyo ekhoyo. Kulo msebenzi akukho nto imnyama okanye mhlophe ngokupheleleyo kwaye isazela somfundi siyabizwa ukuba sigwebe ubume bezinto ezithile zokuqala.
ICompass yeGolide —Eligama lalo lantlandlolo Izibane zasemaNtla- ufumene uPullman ngo-1995 uMdaka weCarnegie. Ukongeza, le ncwadi yaba ngumthengisi othengisa kakhulu kwaye yamkelwa kakuhle ngabagxeki boncwadi. Isihloko senziwa kwakhona kwimovie ngo-2007 phantsi kwegama lika ICompass yeGolide (IGolden Compass), kwifilimu eboniswa nguChris Weitz kunye neenkwenkwezi ezaziwayo kwihlabathi jikelele ezinje ngeDakota Blue Richards, uNicole Kidman noDaniel Craig, phakathi kwabanye.
Sobre el autor
UPhillip Pullman wazalelwa eNorwich, eNgilani, ngo-Oktobha 19, 1946. Ungunyana ka-Audrey Merrifield kunye no-Alfred Outram. Intlungu yosapho yaphawula ubuntwana bakhe, kuba utata wakhe wayengumqhubi wenqwelomoya weRAF osweleke kwingozi yenqwelomoya. Uphumelele kwiKholeji yase-Exeter, e-Oxford (ngo-1968) kwaye ngoku usebenza kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford. Ezona mpembelelo zakhe zinkulu zivela kuncwadi lwaseBritani, oluvela esandleni sababhali abanjengoJohn Milton okanye uWilliam Blake.
Uyaziwa kwilizwe lonke ngothotho lweencwadi ze Umcimbi omnyama, ogama lazo: Izibane zasemaNtla (1995) Ikrele (1997) I-spyglass ene-lacquered (2000) I-Oxford kaLyra (2003) kunye Kudala-dala emantla (2008). Ngaphambili lo mbhali wayenze olunye uthotho olubizwa ngokuba Iinoveli zikaSally Lockhart. Olu luhlu lwenziwe Isiqalekiso serubhi (1985) Sally kunye nomthunzi wasentla (1986) Sally kunye nengwe equleni (1990) kunye Sally kunye ne-princess ye-tin (1994).
U-Pullman ngumbhali osele ekudala ekhona, incwadi yakhe yokuqala, Uqhwithela (Isiqhwithi somlingo) isukela ngo-1972. Ukapapashe imidlalo ethile, phakathi kwayo ebonakalayo Frankenstein y USherlock Holmes kunye neHorror yeLimehouse (zombini ukusukela ngo-1992). Amabali amaninzi omcuphi nawo abalwa phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe, enje Amabali abacuphi (1998) kunye no "Ngubani na?"(2007).
Pullman Uye wangena kwihlabathi lamabali abonisiweyo ngezihloko ezifana Ibali elimangalisayo lika-Aladdin kunye nesibane esilumkileyo (1993) kunye Ikati eneebhutsi (2000). Ezona mpapasho zakhe zamva nje zibandakanya UYesu olungileyo noKristu, abakhohlakeleyo (2009) Abaphuli-mthetho abanezakhono (2011) kunye Ubuhle basendle (2017). Elokugqibela sisixa sokuqala sothotho olutsha: Incwadi yobumnyama.
UFilipu Pullman.
Umhlaba ofanayo weKhampasi yeGolide
Ubudlelwane bukaPhillip Pullman noJohn Milton buyabonakala kwi ICompass yeGolide. Oku kuyaphawuleka kwihlabathi lefantasy elinikwa umfundi. Kule ndawo yokukhohlisa umphefumlo wabantu ubonisa uhlobo lomzimba, ohlukaniswe nomzimba kunye nesilwanyana sesilwanyana (iidemon). Enye yezinto ezizodwa kwindalo iphela kukuphuhliswa kwayo kwenkcubeko kunye netekhnoloji: amandla ombane abizwa ngokuba yi "ambaric" kwaye i-physics yaziwa ngokuba yi "theology yokulinga".
Kwelinye icala, uthutho lomoya lwenziwe nge-zeppelins kunye neebhaluni zomoya ezishushu. Elona gunya likarhulumente liphezulu libizwa ngokuba yi "Magisterium" kwaye kukho iingqondi ezikrelekrele ezithethayo (nangona zingazibonakalisi iidemon). Kukwakho namagqwirha akwaziyo ukuphila amakhulu eminyaka kunye nabantu abahambahambayo abahlala ezinqanaweni (kunqabile nakweyiphi na indawo ngaphandle kolwandle): "amaGibhithe".
Into ephambili yeli yelenqe kukukholelwa kwilivo eliqikelela ukufika kwentombazana edlala indima ephambili emfazweni enendawo yonke. Ukongeza, i-rumor eyoyikekayo isasazekile: ukuqweqwediswa kwamakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana athathwa emantla ayokuvavanywa kakubi. Eli candelo lokugqibela lebali likhokelele ekuthintelweni kwale ncwadi kwamanye amazwe aseMelika, kuba imibutho yabazali abaninzi yayithatha njengeyona “ihlazo” ukufundwa kwabantwana.
Uphuhliso kunye nohlalutyo
Indawo yeziganeko kunye neziganeko zokuqala
Ibali lenzeka ikakhulu kwiKholeji yaseJordani, eOxford. Apha, ULyra Belacqua, ophambili, yintombazana eneminyaka elishumi elinanye ebandakanyeka kwimeko engathandekiyo. Akukho ndawo apho iindaba ezingathandekiyo ebantwini ziqala ukuvela. Ukongeza, uRoger, umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni, uye wanyamalala xa efuna kakhulu, kuba unelizwe liphela ngokuchasene naye kwaye uyazi ukuba ujongiwe naphina apho aya khona.
Lo nto, Ngaphandle kokubonisa umhlaba omnandi ngokupheleleyo, uninzi lweemeko ezichazwe nguPullman zijongana nomfundi ngemicimbi yangoku, njengobumfihlo kunye nenkohlakalo yoluntu kwinkulungwane ye-XXI. Ngokukwanjalo, kukho iingxaki kwimicimbi eyahlukeneyo ekhoyo njengokwazi ngokwakho, inkululeko yokuzikhethela kunye nobunzulu beemvakalelo zabantu.
Imanyano yaseLyra
Ukufezekisa iinjongo zakhe, uLyra ufuna umanyano kwizinto ezintathu ezahlukeneyo.: USarafina, igqwirha elimnandi eliquka umntu ongumama kwaye unceda umlinganiswa ophambili ukuba afumane injongo yakhe kwimfazwe ezayo; U-Lee Scoresby, ibhaluni ye-Texan eyomeleleyo emfazweni kunye nomlinganiswa ofudumeleyo nozinzileyo ngamanyathelo afanayo; kunye noLorek Byrnison, ibhere elikhutshiweyo elineLyra elidala ulwalamano olukhethekileyo, limvumela ukuba abe mkhulu, omelele kwaye abe nesibindi kunaye.
Ubufazi obungena ngaphakathi
U-Pullman ukwabonisa umyalezo onamandla kakhulu wobufazi ngokubonisa kwintombazana zonke iimpawu ezithandekayo kunye neenqobo. U-Lyra uchazwa njengomntu onengqibelelo onesibindi esaneleyo sokuchasa amandla amelwe yi-Magisterium. Kwangokunjalo, umbhali ubuyisela umva imeko ethandwayo yomfazi ophambili ekufuneka ahlangulwe.
UFilipu Pullman ucaphule.
Ukufana nokuNcinwa
Isiteji sibhekisa ngqo kwi-Inquisition kunye nokusetyenziswa koloyiko njengesixhobo esiphindwe kabini solawulo kubemi. Kukho isizukulwana esihlala sinolwazi olungelulo kwicala labacinezeli. Uninzi lwezinto ezoyikisayo ezichaziweyo zichanekile phantsi kwesiseko "sokulunga okuqhelekileyo" kwaye izakhiwo zamandla zijamelene noLyra kuphela. Nguye owaphula ibala lobufazi obuthobelayo ngokusoloko esophula izithintelo ezimthintelayo.