Ezona ncwadi ziphambili zomcuphi

Xa umsebenzisi we-Intanethi othanda ukufunda ekhangela "ezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo zabacuphi", iziphumo zibuyisa i-100% yeenoveli zabacuphi. Isizathu sicacile: ayilunganga ukukhulelwa ibali lomcuphi ngaphandle komcuphi okanye ngaphandle komntu osebenza ngolu hlobo. Ewe, ngubani oza kujongana nokusombulula ulwaphulo-mthetho?

Ngoku, izicatshulwa zomcuphi azisoloko zibaliswa ngokwembono yomtshutshisi. Ngale ndlela sinento ebizwa ngokuba "ngamapolisa aguqukayo" -Umnumzana Ripley onesiphiwo (1955), yenye yezona zaziwa kakhulu- zichaza imbono yomenzi wobubi. Inyaniso, Olu hlobo lukhulu kakhulu kwaye lunzulu, kangangokuba iinoveli zolwaphulo-mthetho ziye zagqitha ngokugxila kwi-psyche eyoyikisayo yabaphuli-mthetho kunye / okanye kumagosa asebupoliseni aneendlela zokuziphatha ezithandabuzekayo.

Abacuphi abadumileyo kuncwadi lwehlabathi

UAuguste Dupin

Umzekeliso wakudala uthi: "Kuqala kwakungoMgqibelo kunangeCawa." Ngenxa yeso sizathu Akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlalutye uhlobo lomcuphi ngaphandle kokuqala ngoDupin, umcuphi wokuqala oqanjiweyo kuncwadi. Ewe, wayengumlingiswa wokuqala odumileyo kumabali abecuphi, kwaye ukubhala kwakhe kungqinelana nombhali omkhulu waseMelika uEdgar Allan Poe (1809-1849).

Ngapha koko, kwiibali uDupin waqatshelwa njenge Knight, ke, yayizezika Umkhosi d'honneur IsiFrentshi. Iziganeko ezijikeleze lo mlinganiswa ophambili -Umdlamli wokucombulula amaqhina nezimfihlakalo- zibaliswa ngumhlobo ongaziwayo awadibana naye kwilayibrari yaseParis. Iziganeko zencwadi yakhe yokuqala zenzeka kweso sixeko.

Izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zesitalato sasemakhazeni (1941)

Eli yelenqe lijolise ekubulaweni ngokungaqondakaliyo kwabafazi ababini, uMadame kunye noMadeimoselle L'Espanaye (umama nentombi), abazibophelela kumntu obalekileyo. Ke umkhweli u-Auguste UDupin ungena kwindawo ukuthintela ukugwetywa kwendoda engenatyala etyholwa ngolwaphulo mthetho.

Ukufika kwimvelaphi yeziganeko, uDupin uyakwazi ukudibanisa ngokubonakalayo ingqiqo yakhe engathandekiyo kunye nomcabango wobugcisa. Yintoni egqithisile, Kwimibuzo yakhe, ubonakalisa ukuba ubalasele ngokufunda ulwimi lomzimba lwabo babuzwa. Ngale ndlela, unokulindela iimvakalelo ezinokubakho zokungathandi, ukungabi namonde, ukumangaliswa okanye ukuthandabuza kwaye asombulule zonke iimilo.

Imfihlelo kaMarie Rogêt (1842) kunye Ileta ebiweyo (1844)

Inxalenye yesibini neyesithathu eneenkwenkwezi u-Auguste Dupin zibonisa ubuchule bombhali beemeko. Ukuba Izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zesitalato sasemakhazeni isenzo senzeka ngohambo lwaseParis, kwezi ncwadi zilandelayo useto lukuvulekile kwaye ngaphakathi kwipropathi yabucala, ngokwahlukeneyo.

nayo, Imfihlelo kaMarie Rogêt Yaphefumlelwa yityala lokwenyani (elikaMary Rogers, isidumbu sakhe safunyanwa sidada kuMlambo i-Hudson, eNew York ngo-1941). Ngokungafaniyo nomsebenzi wokuqala kaDupin eParis, Inkuthazo Knight yimali ngokupheleleyo (ukubanga umvuzo). Ekugqibeleni, Ileta ebiweyo yachazwa nguPoe ngokwakhe "mhlawumbi elona bali lam lokuqiqa."

USherlock Holmes

Umcuphi wenziwe ngu Mnumzana Arthur Conan Doyle (1859 - 1930) wahlukile kubukrelekrele bakhe obungakholelekiyo, Ukukwazi ukugcina iinkcukacha ezincinci kunye nokuqiqa. Lilonke, amabali "asemthethweni" kaHolmes aqukethe iinoveli ezi-4 kunye namabali ali-156 obude obahlukeneyo obuqokelelwe kwimiqulu eliqela.

Apha ngezantsi luluhlu lopapasho oluhambelana noko kubizwa ngokuba yi "Holmesian canon" (konke kufuneka kubonwe ngaphakathi kohlobo lomcuphi):

• Isifundo esingqombela (1887). Inoveli.
• Umqondiso wesine (1890). Inoveli.
• IiAdventures zikaSherlock Holmes (Ngo-1892). Ukuhlanganiswa kwamabali.
• Iinkumbulo zikaSherlock Holmes (Ngo-1894). Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali.
• IHound yeBaskersville (1901-1902). Inoveli.
• Ukubuya kukaSherlock Holmes (Ngo-1903). Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali.
• Intlambo yoloyiko (1914-1916). Inoveli.
• Isaphetha sakhe sokugqibela (Ngo-1917). Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali.
• Ugcino lweSherlock Holmes (Ngo-1927). Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali.

IHercule Poirot

Ubume bento eyenziwe ngu Agatha Christie I-1890 - 1975 Ungoyena mcuphi ubonakala emhle ngeyona ndlela icokisekileyo kuncwadi lwehlabathi. UPoirot uchazwa njengendoda emfutshane, enebhongo ngamadevu akhe kwaye etsala ngophando olumele umngeni wokwenene wobukrelekrele.

Ukongeza, umhloli odla umhlala-phantsi ungumthandi "wendlela kunye nendlela", othe phithi kukulinganisa, intuthuzelo, ukucoceka kunye nemigca ethe tye. Iyonke, UChristie wabhala amabali angama-41 aneenkwenkwezi zePoirot (zonke zizinto eziyinyani zobuncwane), Phakathi kwezona zidumileyo zezi zilandelayo:

• Ityala eliyimfihlakalo leZimbo (1920).
• Ukubulawa kukaRoger Ackroyd (1926).
• Imfihlelo yololiwe ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka (1928).
• Ukubulala kwi-Express Express (1934).
• Ukufa kumNayile (1937).
• Igazi echibini (1946).
• Ikhethini: Ityala lokugqibela likaHercule Poirot (1975).

USam Ok, umcuphi "prototype" wenoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho

Ngexesha eliphakathi lenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, uSam Spade waqhekeza ukungunda komphandi "oluchanekileyo kwezopolitiko". Ngokwenyani, Iimpawu zalo mcuphi zimele abalinganiswa abanyanisekileyo (iDupin okanye iPoirot, umzekelo). Yenziwe ngumbhali waseMelika uDashiell Hammlett (1894 - 1961), uSpade uziva ekhululekile kwilizwe lemimoya

Ngokufanayo, ulwimi lwakhe olungaqhelekanga kwaye ebhalisela isiqubulo esithi "isiphelo siyazithethelela iindlela", aqinisekise indlela yakhe yokuphambuka nokungakhathali kuluvo lwabanye ... Isisombululo solwaphulo-mthetho kuphela esibalulekileyo, nokuba zithini iindleko. Ezi mpawu zongeza isinongo esongezelelekileyo kwiincwadi zakhe ezinomdla ezigcwele imixholo emnyama: I-Falcon yaseMalta (1930) kunye Isitshixo sekristal (1931).

Umnumzana Ripley onesiphiwo (okanye "umva")

Lo msebenzi ngumbhali wenoveli waseMelika uPatricia Highsmith (1921 - 1995) wabizwa nguMbutho wababhali beMfihlakalo njengenye yeencwadi ezili-100 eziyimfihlakalo kwimbali. Ishicilelwe ngo-1955, okuninzi kokubaluleka kwesi sihloko kuhlala kwisitayile sokubalisa sinamathele kwindawo yokujonga umenzi wobubi.

Ngeli xesha, UTom Ripley (umlinganiswa ophambili) ngumdwebi weqonga kunye nombulali ozimiseleyo ukwenza isenzo esibi ukuze agcine imeko yakhe ekuhlaleni. Ke ngoko, uzama ukuzingqonga ngamanani atyebileyo aze akhohlise ngenxa yetalente yakhe engaqhelekanga: inkohliso. Ukongeza, u-Highsmith wabhala ezi zihloko zilandelayo eneenkwenkwezi kwindoda yakhe:

• Ripley phantsi komhlaba (1970).
• Umdlalo kaRipley (1974).
• Kwiinyawo zikaRipley (1980)
• URipley usengozini (1991).

Ezinye iincwadi ezinkulu malunga nabacuphi

Namhlanje, zonke iincwadi zomcuphi zinempembelelo engenakuphikwa ubuncinci komnye wabalinganiswa abalandelayo: iDupin, Poirot, Spade, okanye uRipley. Kwelinye icala, Inqaku elahlukileyo liyafuneka ukudwelisa ezona zihloko zibalaseleyo zomcuphi kwixesha ngalinye.

Ngapha koko, nazi ezinye iincwadi zabacuphi:

• Ukunyaniseka kukaBawo uBrown (Ngo-1911), nguGilbert Keith Chesterton.
• Iphupha elingunaphakade (Ngo-1939), nguRaymond Chandler.
• Inyoka ebomvu (1981), nguThomas Harris.
• Ndiyazi ukuba ucinga ntoni (2010), nguJohn Verdon.
• Izithunzi zikaQuirke (2015), nguJohn Banville.
• Ukwenza ububi obukhulu (2017), nguCésar Pérez Gelilla.