Mininzi imisebenzi engongquzulwano olwaqhubeka eSpeyin phakathi kowe-1936 no-1939, imisebenzi yoncwadi, efundisayo kunye neyokuviwayo. Namhlanje sisihloko esiqhubekayo ukuvusa umdla kunye neengxabano ngaphakathi kwemida yethu nangaphaya kwayo.
Kunzima ukukhetha phakathi kwazo zonke, ngakumbi ukuba into ofuna ukuyifumana ingqongqo kunye nokungakhethi buso; kwaye nangakumbi xa uluvo loluntu luqhubeka nokungavumelani koko kwenzeka kwiminyaka engama-80 eyadlulayo. Akukho ntshukumisa yengcamango esuka apha sibonisa iindlela zabanye ababhali kwiincwadi ezisibhozo ngemfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain, phakathi kweenoveli kunye nezincoko.
Ukukhethwa kweencwadi ngemfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain
Kwigazi nomlilo. Amaqhawe, amarhamncwa kunye namaMartyrs eSpain
Incwadi kaManuel Chaves Nogales mhlawumbi yenye yezona zinto zifundwayo, kwaboniswana nazo kwaye kwanikwa izimvo ngemfazwe yamakhaya. Amabali alithoba awaqambayo anodumo olukhulu kwaye asekelwe kwiinyani eziyinyani umbhali awayezazi ngokwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, uyayazi indlela yokuzikhwebula kubo ngokujonga ubuntatheli bomkhi-mkhiqizi omkhulu othi, kwangaxeshanye, abe novelwano nabalinganiswa kunye nabantu abathwaxwa buburhalarhume bemfazwe. Kwakhona, Intshayelelo ithathwa njengenye yezona zibhalo zibalaseleyo zakha zabhalwa kwimfazwe yamakhaya, ukuqonda kunye nokwazi indlela yokudlulisela okwenzekileyo..
Imfazwe yamakhaya yaxelela ulutsha
Umsebenzi ka-Arturo Pérez-Reverte ofundisa ulutsha idrama yemfazwe, nokuba ikwindlela ye-aseptic kwaye ngoncedo lwemifanekiso.. Ingumbhalo ofundisayo osebenza ukuchaza umxholo wongquzulwano kunye nokuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukuyiqonda kwaye, ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, ungayilibali, ukuze kungabikho nto efana nayo inokuphinda iphindwe. I-Pérez-Reverte ihlala inenjongo kwaye ikude kulo msebenzi onjongo yayo ikukubonelela ngombono wokufundisa kunye noqondakalayo wemfazwe yamakhaya.
Amajoni aseSalamis
Le noveli kaJavier Cercas sesinye isicatshulwa esibalulekileyo senkulungwane yama-XNUMX; yaye ngenxa yoko igqalwa njengenye yezona ncwadi zibalulekileyo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Ibalisa iziganeko zokwenyani malunga nomzobo kaRafael Sánchez Mazas, umseki weFalange., owathi ngokungenelela kweProvidence okanye nje ngethamsanqa, wasindiswa ekubeni adutyulwe licala leRiphabhlikhi ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya. Kamva waba ngumfundisi weFrancoist. Kodwa eyona nto imangalisayo ngeli bali kukuba kwinqwelomoya ijoni liyabusindisa ubomi balo emva kokuba lidutyulwe kungquzulwano lwangaphambili. Ibali lenziwa yintatheli eyathi kumashumi eminyaka kamva, sele ikwidemokhrasi, ifumana ibali elimangalisayo leMazas.
Oojongilanga abangaboniyo
UAlberto Méndez wakha inoveli yakhe kumabali amane azele yintlungu kunye nenkangala ngamaxesha asemva kwemfazwe.. Abalinganiswa abaphambili ngumphathi weFrancoist, imbongi encinci, ibanjwa kunye nenkolo. Onke amabali abalisa intlekele nokuphelelwa lithemba. Isihloko somsebenzi sithetha isichasi sokukhanya kunye nojongilanga abafuna ilanga ukuba bakhule kwaye bazigcwalise ngobomi. Ngokuchasene noko, ujongilanga oyimfama ngujongilanga ofileyo. Oojongilanga abangaboniyo yinoveli ebalaseleyo kwaye yenye yezona zibhiyozelwa kakhulu ngohlobo lwayo.
Yenzelwe bani iBell
Ukusuka kwisandla sikaHemingway kuza imbono yangaphandle yeMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain ngale noveli. Ibalisa ibali likaRobert Jordan, ilungu le-brigade elifika eSpain ukuze lincede amaRiphabhlikhi ukuba aqhume ibhulorho. okubaluleke kakhulu kuhlaselo lwabavukeli, kwicala leFrancoist. Ekufikeni kwakhe uya kuqonda isoyikiso semfazwe kwaye afumane uthando lomfazi, uMaría, aya kuthandana naye ngokungalindelekanga.
Imbali yemfazwe yamakhaya ekungekho mntu uya kuyithanda
Le ncwadi yingxelo, nangona ingeyiyo inoveli, ukusukela oko UJuan Eslava Galán ubalisa ngeziganeko zokwenene enabalinganiswa bokwenene, abanye baziwa, njengoFranco ebutsheni bakhe nasekuqaleni kwemfazwe, nabanye abangazichazanga igama labo.. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba yincwadi engavumiyo ukuzibeka okanye ukubeka umfundi ngakulo naliphi na icala okanye ingcamango, eshiya uluntu ukuba luzenzele izigqibo zalo. Kwakhona kuzanywa ukukhupha iinkcukacha ezingabalulekanga eziphazamisa ukufunda; okuphikisanayo, yintoni le ncwadi izele ngamabali abantu, amanye anzulu ngakumbi, kunye nabanye abafuna ikhusi kuburharha. Njengesiqhelo, u-Eslava Galán ubonisa isitayile esibukhali emsebenzini wakhe.
Iipowusta zemfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain
iipowusta zemfazwe yamakhaya IsiSpanish sisiboniso esibonakalayo kunye nencwadi yememori yembali yethu. Kulo msebenzi sinokufumana iipowusta ezidalwe ngamacala amabini anenkxalabo ye-propagandistic, ukuhambisa umoya kunye neengcamango ukuya kwesinye sezizathu ezimbini. Lukhetho olucokisekileyo lwezibhengezo ngolandelelwano lwamaxesha yaye olunokubonelela ngemilinganiselo nokucamngca ngoko kwenzekayo ebudeni beminyaka yama-30 eSpeyin; yincwadi apho unokumangaliswa ngayo.
Ukwenziwa komvukeli
Itrilogy ye- Arthur Barea yenziwe umqambi (1941) Indlela (1943) kunye Idangatye (1946). Ngumbono weriphabliki wongquzulwano apho umbhali achaza ngokuzihambelayo umbono wakhe kunye namava akhe phambi kokuba aye elubhacweni eNgilani. Kwinxalenye yesibini neyesithathu, intlekele yoNyaka kunye nemfazwe yaseMorocco ichazwa, njengemvelaphi kwingxabano yaseSpain; kwaye inxalenye yokugqibela kuphuhliso lwemfazwe yamakhaya. Kwincwadi yokuqala umbhali ucacisa inguqu yakhe ukusuka ebutsheni ukuya kubomi bomntu omdala. Iseti yeenoveli igalelo lakudala kuncwadi lwemfazwe yamaSpain amabini.
"Umgca woMlilo" nguArturo Pérez Reverte wayengekho.
UDiana kunjalo! Enye into ebalulekileyo 😉