UArturo Barea Ogazón ukwiqela labameli bebali laseSpain lokugxothwa, kunye noRamón J. Sender kunye noMax Aub. Ukuba yiBarea ikwangomnye wabaxhasi bayo abaphambili. Olona lwimi lubalaseleyo kumsebenzi wakhe yayisiSpanish nesiNgesi. Nangona iSpanish yayilulwimi lwakhe lweenkobe, uninzi lweempapasho zakhe zaqala ukuvela ngesiNgesi kuba waya elubhacweni eNgilani.
Umbalisi odumileyo ubhale ubukhulu becala iinoveli, amabali aze angenelele kwicandelo lesincoko. Nangona kunjalo, wenza igalelo elikhulu kubuntatheli kunye nehlabathi lonxibelelwano exhasa izizathu zezopolitiko zeengcamango zasekhohlo. Umsebenzi wakhe owaziwa kakhulu ngowe-1946 Ukuqulunqwa Komvukeli (Ukwenziwa komvukeli), isihloko esithetha okuninzi malunga nayo, kuba ilibali elisisiseko le-autobiographical. Kambe ke, ukupapashwa kwayo ngeSpanish ngowe-1951 nako kwenzeka ngaphandle kwemida yeSpeyin, eArgentina.
Arturo Barea: engobomi
UArturo Barea wazalelwa eBadajoz ngo-1897. Umama wakhe wayesebenza njengomhlambi wempahla kwaye wayengumhlolokazi eselula kakhulu. UBarea omncinci waqala ukusebenza kwangoko kakhulu kwaye wafunda ubugcisa obahlukeneyo. Unina, abazalwana bakhe kunye naye wathuthela eMadrid efuna amathuba amatsha.
Ngelixa uBarea wayejonge ubomi, naye waba nethamsanqa lokumkelwa zizalamane ezinezibonelelo ezithe kratya ezakwazi ukumnika imfundo. Ngoko Wachitha ubuntwana bakhe e-Escuelas Pías De San Fernando., iziko ekwafuneka alishiye eneminyaka eli-13 ubudala xa imeko yentsapho yaphinda yantsonkotha.
Xa wayeneminyaka engama-23 waya eMorocco wabhalisa emkhosini apho wayehlala khona ngentlekele yoNyaka eyayiza kumkhonza kwiminyaka kamva ukuba abhale Indlela. Kungekudala emva kokuba etshatile waza waba nabantwana abaliqela nomfazi wakhe, nangona umtshato wawuza kuqhawuka.
Ngokufika kweSibini kwiRiphabliki, iBarea yaqala ukuya kwiintlanganiso zemanyano ye-UGT kunye kwimfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpeyin wabonisa inkxaso yakhe kwicala leriphabliki ngepropaganda yenguqu yasekhohlo ngenxa yokuba wayesebenza eTelefónica ngelo xesha kwaye evela eMadrid wayeza kuba namava ongquzulwano.
Ngowe-1938 wayishiya iMadrid. Kulo nyaka waphinda watshata, ngeli xesha watshata nowaseOstriya, uIlse Kulcsar owayeza kumnceda aguqulele umsebenzi wakhe esiNgesini. INgilani yayililizwe elamamkelayo emva kokushiya iSpeyin yaye apho waseka umsebenzi wokunxibelelana owawuquka uncwadi nonomathotholo. Wabulawa sisifo sentliziyo ngo-1957 emva kokuba efumene ubuzwe baseBritani.
Ezinye izinto ezinomdla malunga nombhali
- Ekubeni umatshini wokuchwetheza owawusetyenziswa nguBarea yayisisiNgesi Kwafuneka ndiphawule ngesandla zonke ii-accents.
- Ukuthanda kwakhe ukupheka namaqanda akhe anencasa eqhotsiweyo wayesaziwa.. Enyanisweni, umpheki odumileyo ugcina umatshini wokuchwetheza wombhali.
- UBarea nomfazi wakhe u-Ilse babetshaya kakhulu. Basebenza kunye kwigumbi elinye: yena ebhala kwaye yena eguqulela. Baqhumisa umsi omninzi ngeeyure zabo zokusebenza kangangokuba iindonga zazimnyama.
- Nangona wayeka isikolo eneminyaka eyi-13, waba ngumbhali obalaseleyo esimaziyo kwaye wafundisa iiklasi zoncwadi kwiPennsylvania State College eUnited States.
- EUnited States watyholwa ngokuba likomanisi ebudeni beMfazwe Yomlomo. Nangona kunjalo, akazange athi ungumkomanisi. Ngokwembono uye wachazwa njengengqondi esekhohlo kunye nenkululeko.
- Ku Arturo Barea Ukwahlukaniswa nabantwana bakhe kwakusoloko kumcinezela, awayengamboni nje.
- Nangona wafa sisifo sentliziyo, kwi-autopsy yakhe kwafunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza wesinyi.
Arturo Barea: imisebenzi ephambili
Ukwenziwa komvukeli
Yitrilogy kwaye lo ngowona msebenzi wakhe waziwa kakhulu. Libali elide elithathelwa ingqalelo kakhulu kwiincwadi zasemva kwemfazwe.. Ngaba yahlulwe umqambi (1941) Indlela (1943) kunye Idangatye (1946). Ngumsebenzi wobomi bakhe apho uBarea abalisa amava akhe phambi nasemva kwemfazwe.
Inxalenye yokuqala ibandakanya ukubunjwa kobuntu bukaBarea, ubomi bakhe eMadrid ngaphambi kokuthinjwa kwakhe; ubukho obuzele bubunzima, ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi kunye norhwebo. Inxalenye yesibini ngamava akhe kwiRif ngexesha lokhuselo lwaseSpain kwimfazwe yaseMorocco, kunye nesiphithiphithi esifunyenwe ngonyaka. Inxalenye yesithathu kunye neyokugqibela igxile kwimfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain, apho umbhali wayekwikomkhulu, apho wayehlala khona ngongquzulwano, ekugqibeleni waya eNgilani ngo-1938.
Lo msebenzi wawungayi kupapashwa eSpeyin de kwangowe-1978sele ikwidemokhrasi. Ngomnyaka ka-1990 umabonakude waseSpain wanikezela ngeeminiseries ezisekelwe kobu buthathu.
Lorca, imbongi kunye nabantu bakhe
Sisincoko sembongi yaseGranada eyabulawa ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya nesihloko sayo sokuqala sapapashwa ngo-1944 (Lorca, imbongi kunye nabantu bakhe). Ngowe-1956 yayiza kuphuma ngeSpanish. UFederico García Lorca ubangele umdla ngomsebenzi wakhe, kodwa nangokusweleka kwakhe kwangoko okwashiya inkcubeko yaseSpain iyinkedama. Ungumlinganiswa oqhelekileyo kwiincwadi zabanye, ngakumbi kubabhali baselubhacweni abafuna ukusasaza ilizwi lokuqiqa kunye nokukude nenzondo ngokusebenzisa abalinganiswa abakhulu, njengoLorca okanye u-Unamuno. Umsebenzi kaBarea wawungomnye wemisebenzi yokuqala eLorca, kwaye uye waba nefuthe eliqinisekileyo kubabhali abanjengoIan Gibson, omnye wabaphengululi abakhulu bembongi yaseAndalusi.
unamuno
Kwakhona umsebenzi wezincoko owapapashwa ngowe-1952. Yibhayografi yengcinga yaseSpain uMiguel de Unamuno., umntu obalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yaseSpain, uncwadi kunye nemfazwe kunye nezincoko zasemva kwemfazwe kule minyaka apho ungquzulwano olwaphela ngozwilakhe lukaFranco lwenziwa. Noko ke, kwathabatha iminyaka emininzi ukuguqulelwa eSpeyin.
ingcambu eyaphukileyo
Isihloko sokuqala: The Broken Root (1952). Lo ngumsebenzi onyanisekileyo obonisa ukugxothwa, imiphumo yemfazwe kunye nokuzisola kokushiya umhlaba wakho ngendlela evakalayo.. Libali lephupha lokuba kwakunokuba njani ukuba uBarea abuyele eMadrid emva kokuthinjwa okufutshane. Ibali lelomntu othile uAntolín, umlinganiswa wasentsomini, obuyela kwindawo efanayo yaseMadrid apho uBarea wakhulela khona, eLavapiés. Inkohliso eyaphukileyo kunye nentlupheko ihamba kwezo zitrato apho kungekho nto yayiyiyo. I-Ideology iya kubakho kakhulu kwaye umbhali angabonisa ngokukhululekile i-phalanx kunye ne-communism.