Uqhwithela

Uqhwithela ngumdlalo weqonga kwimidlalo emihlanu, ebhalwe kwindinyana kunye neprose ngumbhali odumileyo waseNgilani uWilliam Shakespeare. Yabhalwa yaza yaqala ukuboniswa ngo-1611. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngokusesikweni kwibhotwe laseWhitehall, phambi koKumkani uJames I waseNgilani, kwaye wayephethe inkampani yeQonga laseKing Men. Kule minyaka ibonisiwe amaxesha amaninzi kwaye iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo kwaye iphakathi Iincwadi ezili-10 ezilungileyo kubathandi bolwandle.

Iyaqwalaselwa, kunye ne Hamlet, yenye yezona misebenzi zixineneyo zombhali wayo. Abalinganiswa bakhe, iingxoxo kunye neemeko ziye zafundwa kaninzi ngabagxeki. Ijongana nemixholo enje ngamabhongo, ukungcatsha, ukuziphindezela kunye nokuhlangula, kwimeko-bume exuba amandla angaphezu kwawemvelo nomhlaba.. Ophambili kwi Uqhwithela, umlingo uProspero, uvale umdlalo nge-monologue ekhunjulwayo, eye yaba lelinye lawona mabinzana acatshulwa kakhulu nguShakespeare ukutyhubela iinkulungwane: “Senziwe ngento enye namaphupha. Umhlaba wethu omncinci ujikelezwe ngamaphupha.

Sobre el autor

UWilliam Shakespeare wayengumdlali odlala isiNgesi, imbongi kunye nomdlali weqonga, owazalwa ngo-1564 IStratford Avon. Uthathwa njengoyena mbhali ubalulekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha kulwimi lwesiNgesi.

Wayengunyana womrhwebi kunye no-heiress yomnini-mhlaba, owamnika isikhundla esihle kuluntu okoko wazalwa, nangona engenazo izihloko ezifanelekileyo. Kucingelwa ukuba wafunda eStratford Grammar School, apho wayeza kufunda khona isiLatin nesiNgesi esihambele phambili, kwaye aphuhlise incasa yakhe eyaziwayo yokufunda izicatshulwa zakudala kunye nezangaphandle.

Ngexesha le-1590 wazinza eLondon, apho Wayeyinxalenye yenkampani yeqonga yamadoda yeNkosi Chamberlain njengomdlali weqonga kunye nomdlali odlalayo. Emva kwexesha, ngexesha lolawulo lukaJames I, kwathiwa igama laKing King's Men.

Ubhale iidrama ezininzi, iziqhulo kunye neentlekele eziye zamelwa kumazwekazi amahlanu kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo. Imidlalo yakhe kunye nemibongo ikhuthaze amagcisa kuzo zonke iinkalo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Kubhaliwe Uqhwithela njengomnye wemisebenzi yokuvuthwa kwakhe, ngo-1611.

William Shakespeare Wafa kwidolophu yakowabo ngo-1616.

Isiqithi embindini womhlaba kunye namandla angaphezu kwendalo

Iziganeko ezinxulumene noku zenzeka kwisiqithi esiyintlango apho abalinganiswa bafika ngenkani: UAntonio, iDuke yaseMilan; UAlonso, uKumkani waseNaples; INkosana uFerdinand kunye namaqabane ambalwa kunye nabakhonzi.

Ukwaphuka kwenqanawa okubakhokelela kwimeko enjalo yayingengomphumo wamathuba, kodwa yayisisiphumo sesaqhwithi esadalulwa nguAriyeli, I-sylph phantsi komyalelo womthakathi uProspero, ohlala kwisiqithi. Kungekudala kutyhilwe kumbukeli ukuba uProspero yindlalifa yokwenyani ye-Duchy yaseMilan kwaye umntakwabo, u-Antonio, ngokwenza isenzo sokungcatsha umbuso, wamthumela ukuba asweleke esikhepheni nentombi yakhe uMiranda kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ekuthinjweni kwakhe, uProspero wafunda ubugcisa bemilingo kwaye elawula izinto ezihlala kwisiqithi esiyintlango: iAriyeli kunye neCalban.

Bahlalisana ngoluhlobo, kwi Uqhwithela, abezopolitiko kunye nabalinganiswa behlabathi bokwenyani abanezinto ezingaphezu kwendalo kunye nomlingo. Embindini wehlabathi ezimbini ngumlinganiswa ophambili, owayekade eyinkosana, kuba uninzi lomdlalo ungumthakathi onempindezelo kwaye ekugqibeleni uzishiya iincwadi zakhe zomlingo abuyele eMilan.

Emva kokufika kuka-King Alonso, u-Antonio kunye nabanye oomatiloshe esiqithini, uProspero kunye nabasebenzi bakhe abangaphaya kwendalo baceba ukuboyikisa nokubabamba., ngaloo ndlela kugqityiwe impindezelo yomlingo ngenxa yento eyenziwa nguAntonio ngaphambili. Iimpawu kunye nobugqwirha ziyinxalenye ephambili yomsebenzi.

Ukuxolelwa nokukhululwa njengomyalezo wokugqibela

Kwindlela engalindelekanga eya esiphelweni somdlalo, uProspero uxolele iintshaba zakhe, eshiya iincwadi zopelo ngasemva, kwaye athatha isigqibo sokubuyela eMilan kwaye aqhubeke nobomi bakhe bangaphambili.. Konke oku kuyenzeka ngenxa yentabatheko kaMiranda kunye neNkosana uFernando, abadibana ngethuba lesiphango kwaye bagqiba ekubeni batshate.

Uthando luphela loloyiso kwaye uProspero ubuyela kubuntu bakhe. Esi siphelo sichasene nobumnyama kunye noxinzelelo lomdlaloIkwanazo neemeko ezihlekisayo ngexesha lokukhula kwayo.

Izalathiso ezahlukeneyo kwiziganeko zexesha lakhe

Kubaphengululi abaninzi, iinyani ze Uqhwithela Baphefumlelwe inxenye yebali likaGeorge Somers. Le yayiyindumasi yodumo yaseBritane Royal Navy eyasinda emva kokubanjwa kunye neqela lakhe phakathi kwesiphango kunxweme lweZiqithi zeBermuda ngo-1609.

Kukwaye kwabangwa ukuba yinto yokubhengeza kuhambo lokoyisa kweLizwe elitsha, Ummandla apho isithsaba saseBrithani nesaseSpain sasikhuphisana khona. Kwabaninzi baseYurophu ngelo xesha, iMelika yayililizwe elingaziwayo, elinamandla angaphezu kwendalo, kunye nezilo.

Kukho intelekelelo eninzi malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kukaProspero kunye noCaliban, umntu ocekisekayo kunye nomntu wokuqala ongeniswa ngumlingo kwaye embeka kwinkonzo yakhe.. Ngokwabafundi abaninzi kunye nabagxeki, oko kubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi komoloniyali kunye nabemi baseMelika ababethanga thanga.

Abalingiswa

Ukuchuma

Ungumlawuli osemthethweni waseMilan, owathunyelwa ngumninawa wakhe uAntonio emkhombeni ngenqanawa ukuba angayi kuhlala neDuchy. Kwisiqithi uba ngumkhafuli onamandla kwaye uceba ukuziphindezela. Ekupheleni komdlalo, uthatha isigqibo sokuxolela ukungcatshwa kwaye abuyele kwilizwe lakhe. Isiloloquy yakhe yokugqibela kunye ne-epilogue (apho angazithembisi ngomlingo wohambo lokubuya) zimele ezimbini izicatshulwa eziphezulu kunye nezikhunjulwa kakhulu zomdlalo kaShakespeare.

Miranda

Uyintombazana encinci nephuphayo kaProspero. Kungekudala emva kokufika kwesi siqithi, uCaliban uzama ukumdlwengula, ngenxa yoko uProspero ugqiba kwelokuba amphathe rhabaxa ukusukela ngoku. Uthandana noFernando, unyana kakumkani, kwaye ufuna ukumtshata.

I-Caliban

Ungunyana wegqwirha kunye nedemon. Imele indawo yakudala kunye ne-visceral yomntu. Ngethuba lophuhliso lomxholo, uzama ukukholisa umkhonzi weenqanawa ukuba abulale uProspero, ngaloo ndlela abonise umlingiswa wakhe ongxamisekileyo.

I-Caliban ikhankanyiwe okanye yaphefumlelwa ngabanye abalinganiswa kwimisebenzi yoncwadi eyaziwayo kamva. Ukhankanyiwe kwintshayelelo eyaziwayo Imifanekiso kaDorian Greyngu-Oscar Wilde, kunye nakwifayile ye- Ulysses NguJames Joyce, phakathi kwabanye.

ariel

Ngumlingani weCaliban, njengoko imele eyona iphezulu kwaye ingaphatheki kakuhle emntwini. Wahlala evalelwe ngumama ka-Caliban u-Sycorax de uProspero wamhlangula, ngoko wathembisa ukuthembeka kwi-wizard ngethemba lokuba ngenye imini uya kuphinda afumane inkululeko. Ngumoya, onamandla amaninzi omlingo kwaye unokulawula imimoya.

Antonio

UnguDuke waseMilan wangoku ngenxa yokufa kukaProspero. Ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe kwesi siqithi, uzama ukudala ubuqili phakathi kuka-King Alonso kunye nomntakwabo, u-Sebastián. Inobuqhophololo kwaye inamabhongo.