UJosé Calvo Poyato. Udliwanondlebe nombhali weLa travesía yokugqibela

UJose Calvo Poyato Unobomi obude njengombhali wemisebenzi edumileyo yezembali kwaye njengombhali wenoveli, ogama lakhe libandakanya Ukupela kokumkani, Ukudibana eMadrid, Ibhayibhile emnyama, Inenekazi leNenekazi o Iphupha likaHypatia, phakathi kwabanye. Enkosi kakhulu ngexesha olichithe kule nto udliwano ndlebe apho asixelela khona ngenoveli yakhe yamva nje, Uhambo lokugqibela, nakwizihloko ezininzi.

UJosé Calvo Poyato-Udliwanondlebe

• ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Usanda kukhupha inoveli entsha kwimarike, Uhambo lokugqibela. Usixelela ntoni kuyo? 

Uhambo lokugqibela ngandlela thile, a Ukuqhubekeka kwendlela engenasiphelo, apho kwabalwa khona Umjikelo wokuqala wehlabathi nguJuan Sebastián Elcano. NgokuUmatiloshe waseSpain, owazalelwa eGetaria, uba liziko lenoveli apho Kuxelwa into eyenzekileyo kuyeEmva kokujikeleza ihlabathi okokuqala, kuba u-Elcano uyanyamalala kwiincwadana zembali kwaye umlinganiswa ubonakala ebalulekile ngokwaneleyo kuthi ukuze sazi ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kuye. Yongeza koku ukuba loo minyaka ilandela umjikelo wokuqala umhlaba wawuzele ziziganeko ezikhulu kwimbali yethu. 

• AL: Ngaba ungabuyela kwimemori yencwadi yokuqala oyifundileyo? Kwaye ibali lokuqala olibhalileyo?

Incwadi yokuqala endiyifundileyo yayi Imbali yeemfazwe zomnqamlezo. Yayenye yezo ncwadi zisuka kuHlelo Bruguera apho isicatshulwa sasidibene nesihlekisayo. I-comic yafundwa kuqala. Ngamanye amaxesha yinto ehlekisayo. Sasingabantwana abaneminyaka esixhenxe okanye esibhozo ubudala. Ndicinga ukuba bandinika xa ndenza umthendeleko wam wokuqala, ndandingekabi neminyaka esixhenxe ubudala.

Ibali lokuqala endilibhalileyo kwaye leyo yaba yincwadi yayisisifundo sembali kwintlekele yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe kwidolophu yam: Ingxaki yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe eVilla de Cabra. Iphumelele ibhaso yiyo loo nto yapapashwa. Sele kuyiminyaka embalwa ukusukela ngoko.

• AL: Yeyiphi incwadi yokuqala eyakubetha kwaye ngoba?

Ndiyakhumbula ukuba bandichukumisa, xa ndandikwishumi elivisayo, Iincwadi zikaMartín Vigil, njengoko Ubomi buhlangana. Kwakhona ezo UMaxence Van der Meersch, njengoko Imizimba nemiphefumlo! Njengombhali-mbali, ndiyakhumbula ukuba ngenye ihlobo ndafunda zonke Iziqendu zeLizwe YeGaldós. Ndachukumiseka. Ndicinga ukuba ukufunda Ifuthe eligqibeleleyo que Ndigqibele ndingumbali-mbali kwaye Ndandiyithanda inoveli yembali. Ngeloxesha khange ithi qatha engqondweni yam ukuba ngenye imini ndim oya kubabhala. 

• AL: Ngubani umbhali wakho omthandayo? Unokukhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakwezinye iindawo.

Sele ndibhekise kwinto ekumele ukuba yenziwe nguDon Benito Pérez Galdós. Ndiyakuthanda IQuevedo kunye nababhali beenoveli ababalaseleyo benkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba njengo Honoré Balzac okanye uVictor Hugo. Phakathi kwababhali bangoku, izinto endizithandayo zi UJose Luis Corral, inkosi yokwenene yenoveli yezembali. Izilingo ze UJuan Eslava Galán kunye nemisebenzi kaDon Antonio Domínguez Ortiz eSpain yaseHabsburgs nakwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX.

• AL: Nguwuphi umlinganiswa osencwadini onqwenela ukudibana naye kunye nokwenza?

Madam Bouvary. Kubonakala kum ukuba ungomnye wabalinganiswa abathandwayo kuncwadi ngalo lonke ixesha. Akashiywanga ngasemva ULazaro, ophambili I-Lazarillo de Tormest Sancho Panza. Zombini zibonakala zilungile kum ngokubhekisele kubo kunye neziganeko zobomi. 

• AL: Ngaba unayo nayiphi na imikhwa ekhethekileyo xa ubhala okanye ufunda?

Ndidla ngokuzenza ikheswa kuhle kakhulu, ukundivumela ukuba ndibhale kwiindawo apho bakhona abanye abantu abancokolayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ndihlala ndibhala ekhitshini endlwini yam, iziko lokuhlanganisana kosapho. Xa ndenza ukulungiswa kokugqibela kwesicatshulwa ukuze ndisise kumajelo eendaba, ndihlala ndizihlukanisa ndedwa kwaye ndifunda ngaphandle kweziphazamiso. Ngamanye amaxesha ndibhala -Ukubhala sisigaba sokugqibela senkqubo yokubhala- iiveki ezininzi kwaye kunokubakho ukungalingani, utshintsho kwisingqi, ekufuneka silungisiwe. Ke ndikhetha ukuba ndedwa kwaye ndibekelwe bucala.  

• AL: Kwaye indawo oyikhethileyo kunye nexesha lokwenza oko?

Njengoko sele nditshilo, ndingayenza naphina kwaye ngoku Andinawo amaxesha endiwathandayo. Kwakukho amaxesha apho wayekhetha ukubhala ebusuku. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha ndiyigqibile lonto kufuneka ibhalwe xa umntu ekhululekile, ekhululekile. Ngamanye amaxesha umntu unyanzelisa ukubhala Ngengqiqo yokubhala- kwaye izimvo azihambi. Kule mizuzu kungcono ukuyishiya. Kukho amaxesha apho, ngokuchaseneyo, yonke into iza ngokulula kwaye kuya kufuneka uyisebenzise.

• AL: Ezinye iintlobo ozithandayo?

Ngaphandle kweenoveli zembali, ndafunda kakhulu Isincoko sembali; ngapha koko, ndingumbhali-mbali. Ndifundile inoveli emnyamaZombini iintlobo zodidi lweDashiell UHammett okanye iVázquez Montalbán njengenoveli yangoku yolwaphulo-mthetho. Abafundi abaninzi bagcina ukuba kwiinoveli zam kuhlala kukho ibali labantsundu elithi, ngaphandle kwembali eyiyo, libonakale kwaye ke lingena kakuhle kwisakhelo sembali yenoveli. 

• AL: Ufunda ntoni ngoku? Ukubhala?

Ndigqibile Ubuncwane engcongolweningu-Irene Vallejo. Ndiyafunda Izixhobo zokuKhanya, de Sanchez Ayisebenzi, kwaye Ukumkanikazi olityelweyoNguJosé Luis Corral. Ulinde i-biografi kaCarlos III. Ndikhangela ulwazi malunga nezinto ezingaziwayo kangangekhulu le-XNUMX leSpanish kwisiqingatha sesibini. 

• AL: Ucinga ukuba imeko yokupapasha yenzelwe ababhali abaninzi ukuba bakho okanye ufuna ukupapasha?

Mhlawumbi kunjalo nzima ngakumbi kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ingxaki eyaqala ngo-2008 yalichaphazela kakhulu ihlabathi leencwadi. Ababhali abalunge kakhulu bashiyeka kungekho mpapashi. Kwakunzima kakhulu. Kukho ngoku Ababhali abaninzi abanenkohliso yokupapasha, kodwa amathuba anqabile. Kukho ithuba lokushicilela i-desktop, kodwa kwimeko leyo unikezelo aluphumeleli, oko kubalulekile. Kulusizi ukuba amabali amaninzi, alunge kakhulu kwaye axelwe kakuhle, awakuboni ukukhanya okanye akubone ngendlela encinci.

• AL: Ngaba umzuzu wobunzima esijamelana nawo unzima kuwe okanye uya kuba nakho ukugcina into elungileyo kwiinoveli ezizayo?

Ingxaki yobhubhane esijamelene nayo Kunzima kakhulu. Ayenzelwanga umfi kunye nabagulayo abanobunzima bokuchacha. Kananjalo ngenxa yokuvalelwa, ukuthintelwa, ukungahambi kakuhle okanye ukuhamba kakhulu kunxulumene. Yinto uluntu lwethu ebingalulindelanga. Ezi bhubhane zichaphazele ezinye iinxalenye zeplanethi, kodwa zazingeyongxaki eYurophu.

Kum ngokwam, kuyanyamezeleka. Ndihlala kwindlu yedolophu   -Konke ubunewunewu kwezi meko - y Umsebenzi wobhali unesizungu kakhulu, nangona ndibhala ngamanye amaxesha, phakathi kwindibano yosapho. Ndicinga ukuba singafikelela kwizigqibo ngezinto ezenzekayo njengokuba sisesichengeni kunokuba besicinga, ukuba lUkuthobeka kuyacetyiswa okanye ukuba umonde, kuluntu olulawulwa sisantya kunye nokukhawuleza, kufanelekile ukuba sifunde ukukuhlakulela.