Isishwankathelo soBomi liphupha

Ubomi liphupha Ithathwa njengeyona ndawo imele kakhulu yeqonga laseCalderonia. Lo msebenzi waboniswa okokuqala eMadrid ngo-1635. Ngelo xesha, ukuxinga okwenzeka kwikomkhulu laseSpain kwenzeka kwiipatiyo ezivulekileyo zoxande (ezili-15 - 17 leemitha ububanzi neemitha ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-40 ubude), zirhangqwe zizindlu ezineebhalkhoni.

Ngokufanayo, lo msebenzi ngumzekelo weklasikhi wedrama yemidlalo, ilawulwa yimixholo yefilosofi kunye neengxoxo malunga nobomi. Ukongeza, kwezi ntlobo zemiboniso imbonakalo yelizwe ibonakalisa ukungafani kweengcinga ezichasayo, kunye nokuxhaphaka kwempucuko ngobundlongondlongo (ukungazi).

Malunga nombhali, uPedro Calderón de la Barca

Igama lakhe elipheleleyo nguPedro ICalderón de la Barca kunye noBarreda González de Henao Ruiz de Blasco y Riaño.Ukukhanya wakubona okokuqala eMadrid, ngoJanuwari 17, 1600. Wayengowesithathu kubantwana abathandathu (ababini basweleka besebancinci) emtshatweni phakathi kukaDiego Calderón no UAna María de Henao, bobabini bosapho oluhloniphekileyo. Wafunda iileta, ezakwalizwi, isiLatin nesiGrike kwiKholeji yaseImperial yeeJesuit eMadrid.

Ngeminyaka eyi-14, wabhalisa kwiYunivesithi yaseAlcalá, kodwa kwafuneka ukuba ashiye izifundo zakhe ngenxa yeengxaki zentsapho. Kamva, Uye wakwazi ukuphinda aqalise uqeqesho kwezemfundo kwiDyunivesithi yaseSalamanca, apho athe wafumana isidanga se-bachelor kwiCanon Law. kunye noRhulumente (1619). Ngomnyaka we-1621, wangena emkhosini ukuze afake iifolthi zeentsapho kunye nokunceda abazalwana bakhe.

Umkhosi, umfundisi kunye nomdlali odlalayo

Nangona eminye imithombo yalatha Ihlathi elididayo (1622) njengesiqwenga sokuqala sedatha, umdlalo ohlekisayo Uthando, imbeko kunye namandla (1623) sisihloko esamazisa. Ukusukela ngoko, wakwazi ukudibanisa umsebenzi wakhe wezomkhosi kunye nendalo yakhe emangalisayo. Ngapha koko, wabizwa ngokuba nguKnight woMyalelo weSantiago kwaye waqatshelwa ngomsebenzi wakhe njengejoni eFuenterrabía (1638) naseCatalonia (1640).

Kwakhona, Wamiselwa njengomfundisi (1651), umfundisi waseReyes Nuevos de Toledo (1653) kunye nomfundisi obekekileyo kakumkani (1663). Kananjalo- enkosi kwindalo yakhe eyahlukeneyo, esisityebi kunye nobugcisa obuninzi- nge-1640s waba ngoyena mdlali uhloniphekileyo wexesha lakhe.

Umsebenzi wakhe, ngamafutshane

Eminye imithombo efana neRuiza et. kwi (2004) ukusuka kwisango Iibhayografi kunye nobomi, uqinisekisa ukuba uPedro Calderón de la Barca wenza ukubala kwendalo yakhe ngaphambi nje kokuba asweleke (ngoMeyi 1681). Umsebenzi wakhe ubandakanya "ikhulu elinamanci amaqhula kunye nama-autos sacramentales asibhozo, iindumiso, iihors d'oeuvres kunye neminye imisebenzi emincinci."

Iimpawu zethiyetha yaseCalderonia

La Ukwakhiwa kweqonga laseCalderonia Ibekwe ngaphakathi kwixesha leebaroque. Iphawuleka ngenqanaba elinomtsalane lokugqibelela kwezobuchwephesha, kunye nesimbo esiliqili, ngenani elincitshisiweyo labalinganiswa kunye ne-axis yeploti ecacileyo ejikeleze umlinganiswa ophambili. I-Sigismund eqhekekileyo ye Ubomi liphupha yeyona ndawo iphambili phakathi kwabo bonke abalinganiswa bayo abaphambili.

Isishwankathelo se Ubomi liphupha

Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: Ubomi liphupha

Lo msebenzi umele ulungelelwaniso kubuKristu beBuddhist umthetho wokulala uvukile. Nangona kunjalo, isimilo ngokungathandabuzekiyo sibonisa imfundiso yobuKrestu: impilo engapheliyo Iphupha nje elidlulayo- xa kuthelekiswa nobomi emva kobomi

Le mixholo iboniswa ngomxube wobugcisa wefilosofi enzulu kunye nehlazo nguCalderón de la Barca Ukongeza, ngexesha lokumelwa kwabalinganiswa abathile bavela ngeendlela ezahlukileyo ngeenjongo zokwandisa ukungaqiniseki kombukeli malunga nokuba yeyiphi na imicimbi eyinyani kwaye yeyiphi ehambelana.

Ibanjwa

U-Basilio, inkosi yasePoland, ufumana isilumkiso nge-horoscope ukuba unyana wakhe uSigismund uza kuba nguzwilakhe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uyitshixela kumhadi wenqaba. Apho, inkosana yesithsaba iqalekisa ithamsanqa ngelixa ibotshiwe, ibanga ukuba ayenzanga lwaphulo-mthetho. Ngesi sizathu, ugcwele ingqumbo kwaye unqwenela ukubulala iintlola ezimbini ezityholwayo ezize kuye.

Abazizo iintlola zokwenyani, bayiMuscovite Rosaura - ngokuzifihla kwendoda- kunye noClarín, isicaka sakhe. Abo bafike ezilalini ngeenyawo kuba ihashe lomfazi lisindile ngokungummangaliso. Kamva, USigismund uziva enovelwano ngoRosaura kwaye uyasamkela isicelo sakhe senceba.

Umlindi

UClotaldo, umlindi wenqaba, uqhekeza ukohlwaya abantu bangaphandle kuba nakuphi na ukunxibelelana nebanjwa kukohlwaywa ngokufa. Kodwa umlindi uyathandabuza ukwenza igunya lasebukhosini xa uRosaura embonisa ikrele elinxulumene nexesha elidlulileyo likaClotaldo. Ewe, wayinika isithandwa sakhe uViolette ngesithembiso sokwamkela unyana wakhe ophethe ikrele.

Ekhathazekile ngokubulawa konyana wakhe (uRosaura, indoda eguqukayo), UClotaldo uthatha amabanjwa phambi kokumkani acele inceba. Okwangoku, inkosi iyavuya ngokufika kwabatshana bayo uAstolfo (uMthetheli waseMoscow) kunye no-Estrella ukugqiba izicwangciso zakhe zobundlalifa. Okokugqibela kuyakrokra kakhulu ngembasa eyaphathwa sisikhulu ngomfanekiso womfazi.

Uvavanyo

Ngomzuzu wenyaniso, uKumkani uBasilio kungekudala watyhila kwaba bafikayo nakwinkundla yobukho bonyana wendalo. Ngokulinganayo, Ukumkani uyathandabuza ukubikezela kwasekuqaleni malunga noozwilakhe wenzala yakhe. Ke ngoko, ugqiba kwelokuba enze ulingo phambi kolindelo lwabantu bakhe bonke: lalisa uSigismund, atyhile imvelaphi yakhe yokwenyani kwaye amhlalise etroneni usuku.

Imbeko kaRosaura

U-Basilio uxela ukuba ukunxibelelana no-Sigismund akusekho sohlwayo. Okwalo mzuzu, uClotaldo ufuna ukuzityhila njengoyise womntu ophethe ikrele, kodwa uRosaura (esazifihlile) uthi uzokuhlangana no-Astolfo ukuziphindezela ngembeko yakhe. Ke, URosaura utyhila ukuba ungumfazi kwaye uhamba nesicaka sakhe. Ke - sele itshintshile iimpahla zakhe - uzenza umtshana kaClotaldo.

Ukumkani usuku

USigismund oleleyo ukhokelwa kwigumbi lokulala lasebukhosini kwaye enxibe izambatho zobukumkani. Xa evuka uphazamiseka kakhulu kwaye akamazi ukuba umgcini wenqaba unqwenela ukumbulala. Emva kwexesha, inkosana yesithsaba ibaphatha rhabaxa abakhonzi (ide yaphosa enye ngefestile) kunye no-Astolfo.

Ukumkani ufunda ngokuziphatha okunganyamezeleki konyana wakhe, ngenxa yoko, ulibanjwa lokuphelelwa lithemba ngenxa yokuba uyala ukwamkela iziprofeto malunga nendlalifa yakhe. Ngapha koko, Xa uBasilio ezama ukwamkela uSigismund, uyamgatya ngelixa ebanga ilungelo lakhe elingenakuphikiswa lokulawula. Ngelo xesha, uBasilio umxelela ukuba mhlawumbi "liphupha nje."

Buyela kwinqaba

I-Sigismund ikhwankqisiwe bubuhle bukaRosaura kwaye izama ukumlukuhla ngamabinzana amcengayo. Nangona xa iyala, inkosana ithumela bonke abakhonzi bendawo ukuba bayithathe ngenkani. Ukuxhatshazwa kugqityiwe nguClotaldo kwaye umlo uqinisekisa ukuba no-Astolfo akakwazi kuyeka. Kuphela ngukumkani okwaziyo ukuphelisa ukhuphiswano.

UBasilio uyalela unyana wakhe ukuba alaliswe kwakhona. Kanye kwinqaba, uClarín uvalelwe emva kweentsimbi ngenxa yokuba uyazi kakhulu ngalo mbandela. Kwangelo xesha, uClotaldo uchazela uSigismund ukuba imini yakhe etroneni yayiyinto engekhoyo. Ukususela ngoko, isikhulu asikwazi ukwahlula kakuhle iphupha kwinyani, ngoko ke, uyaqonda ukuba kufuneka aziphathe ngokufanelekileyo.

Itrone ephikisanayo

URosaura no-Estrella bashiya i-Astolfo xa befumanisa uthando lwakhe ngenxa yomfanekiso (wokuqala) owawuxhomekeke entanyeni yomlawuli. Kwelinye icala, ihlokondiba labantu eliqhelekileyo lifikelela kwinqaba ukuze likhulule uClarín (ngempazamo akholelwa ukuba uyinkosi). Kaninzi, Xa uSigismund evela, isihlwele sithi sinqwenela ukuba yindlalifa yokwenene etroneni kwaye bakulungele ukumlwela.

Inkosana yesithsaba iyakwazi ukuzilawula kwaye iziphathe ngokuchanekileyo (nangoku ingazi nokuba iyaphupha okanye ayiphuphi), nkqu nomntu wobomi bukaClotaldo oshiye inkonzo. Ngeli xesha, Kwibhotwe laseClarín wazisa u-Astolfo no-Estrella ngeziganeko. Abemi bohlulwe phakathi kwabo bahlala benyanisekile kuBasilio ngokuchasene nabaxhasi beSigismund.

Isisombululo

Ngethuba lemfazwe, uRosaura ubonakala kwindawo ecela uSigismund ukuba amncede abulale u-Astolfo (kwaye ke ahlawule inhlonipho yakhe). Nje ukuba umlo uqalile, UCarlín usweleka ngenxa yompu kwaye uBasilio uyaqonda ukuba akanakujongana nonyana wakhe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, unikezela ezinyaweni zakho. Kodwa isiprofeto asizalisekanga ngendlela ebilindelwe.

USigismund akanguye umtyholi, ufikelela kuyise wamphakamisa. Okokugqibela, unyana ubhengezwa njengendlalifa esemthethweni eyamkelweyo ngabahlali kunye nenkundla.. Ukongeza, ukumkani omtsha ushiya wonke umntu onwabile: ubuyisela imbeko kaRosaura ngokumtshata no-Astolfo kwaye yena ngokwakhe ubuza isandla sika-Estrella, osamkelayo.

Ubomi liphupha

Kwisenzo sokugqibela, USigismund uchaza izizathu zotshintsho olothusayo: wafunda ukuba ngukumkani olilungisa ngephupha. Ke ngoko, ukuba ubukho bomntu emhlabeni yinto engeyonyani, unqwenela ukuthatha ithuba lelo flicker bubomi ukuze asebenze njengomlawuli olungileyo.

Isiqwenga

"Kodwa, yinyani okanye uphuphe,

ukwenza kakuhle yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.

Ukuba yayiyinyani, ngokuba yiyo;

ukuba akunjalo, ukuphumelela abahlobo

kuba xa sivuka ”.