URoberto Bolaño
Iincwadi zikaRoberto Bolaño, namhlanje, ziphakathi kwezona zifunwa kakhulu. Yaye ayimangalisi into yokuba, wayengomnye wababhali ababalaseleyo ababephila ngelo xesha kwihlabathi elithetha iSpanish. Umsebenzi wakhe, ngokusekelwe kumava akhe kunye nokuxhaswa ngoncwadi lwamahhala, waphula iiparadigms zexesha lakhe. Le nto ibalasele Abacuphi basendle (1998), inoveli eyakhulisa kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe, yamvumela ukuba azuze ukuqatshelwa kwelizwe kunye nehlabathi.
Umbhali waseChile wenze ipotifoliyo yoncwadi enentaphane yeencwadi -phakathi kweenoveli, ingqokelela yemibongo, amabali amafutshane kunye nezincoko, ezisaqhubeka ukupapashwa namhlanje. Ukufa kwakhe, eneminyaka engama-50 ubudala, akuzange kubathintele abalandeli bakhe ukuba banandiphe ngakumbi iitekisi zakhe, kuba ezinye iincwadi ziye zapapashwa emva kokufa, njengengxelo ephawulekayo. 2666 (2004).
Iincwadi zikaRoberto Bolaño
Ingcebiso evela kumfundi waseMorrison kumlandeli kaJoyce (1984)
Yinoveli yokuqala ye Umbhali waseChile, kwaye yabhalwa kwizandla ezine kunye neSpanish Antoni Gracía Porta (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-AG Porta). Yapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1984 yaza yaphinda yapapashwa ngo-2006. Kolu kuveliswa kokugqibela ibali labo bobabini libandakanyiwe, elibizwa ngokuba yi "Diario de bar". Le ngxelo yawongwa ngo-1984 ngebhaso le-Ámbito Literario.
Isiqendu
ingelosi yavuka Ungumfana onomdla woncwadi, izinto ezigqithisileyo, intombi yakhe uAna kunye nomculo kaJim Morrison. I-Barcelona phila ngokugqithisela iimvakalelo kunye neqabane lakho, intombazana yaseMzantsi Melika ekwinqanaba elibi. Ibali leli bhinqa lingqongwe lugonyamelo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba uRos axoxe phakathi kwaloo meko nenkxalabo ngencwadi angakhange akwazi ukuyigqiba.
i-ice rink (1993)
Uhlelo lokuqala lwale noveli lwanikezelwa yiFundación Colegio del Rey eSpain, emva kokuphumelela imbasa yeCiudad Alcalá de Henares. Ngeso sihlandlo yayinenani elilinganiselweyo lemibhalo, nangona kunjalo, kwangaloo nyaka yaphinda yakhutshwa eChile ngumhleli wePlaneta. Le yincwadi yesibini epapashwe ngumbhali yedwa, emva koko indlela yeendlovu (1984).
Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva uhlelo lwesithathu lwapapashwa nguSeix Barral kunye nolwesine ngo-2009 nguAnagrama. Le noveli ineyona nto iphambili ekubulaweni kuyo, etyhilwa ngokuxabisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo zabalinganiswa bayo kulo mba.. U-Bolaño uphawule ukuba umsebenzi wakhe ujongene: "nobuhle, obuhlala ixesha elifutshane kwaye isiphelo sabo sikholisa ukuba yintlekele".
Isiqendu
Kwindawo efihlakeleyo ye-ice rink kwidolophu eselunxwemeni eCatalonia kwenzeka ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi zenyani. Amadoda amathathu ezizwe ezahlukeneyo (iMexico, iChile kunye neSpanish, ngokulandelanayo) avakalisa umbono wabo wokubulala ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Umcuphi ophetheyo akanalo uxanduva olulula lokudibanisa amachaphaza yeengxelo ukuze kulungiswe imeko engaqondakaliyo.
Abacuphi basendle (1998)
njengokuba kutshiwo, eli liqhekeza lesithsaba. Isicatshulwa Yapapashwa e-Barcelona ngo-1998 yileyibhile yoHlelo lwe-Anagrama.. Yinoveli eyahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu okwenzeka phakathi kowe-1976 nowe-1996. Inxalenye yokuqala neyesithathu—eyamiselwa kwisiXeko saseMexico ngowe-1975 nakwintlango yaseSonora ngo-1976, ngokulandelelanayo—ichazwe kwincwadi yeziganeko zemihla ngemihla yomnye wabalinganiswa abaphambili, uJuan. UGarcía Madero.
Ngokwenxalenye yalo, isahluko esiphakathi siyingqokelela yobungqina be-52 obunika iinkcukacha ezingakumbi malunga nohambo lweminyaka emibini (1975-1876) olwenziwa nguArturo Belano-alter ego of Bolaño- kunye no-Ulises Lima-alter ego yembongi uMario Santiago Papasquiaro. —kwiphulo lakhe lokufuna imbongi uCesárea Tinajero. Ezi nkcazo zingama-52 zaqokelelwa kwiminyaka engama-20 (phakathi kuka-1976 no-1996). Incwadi ngokwayo inika imbeko kwintshukumo yeembongi ye-infrarealism -ebizwa ngokuba "yinyani ye-visceral" ngaphakathi kwesicwangciso-kunye nabalandeli bayo.
Isiqendu
Iimbongi uBelano kunye noLima banquma ukuphanda uCesárea Tinajero aze afumane indawo ahlala kuyo, ekubeni wathi shwaka kumhlaba waseMexico kwithuba elithile emva koMvukelo. Yena nguye inkokeli ye-visceral realism intshukumo yesihobeapho amadoda angawo.
Uphando alulula konke konke, kwaye luthatha iminyaka emibini apho inani elikhulu leziganeko ezinzima zenzeka. Xa uBelano noLima becinga ukuba uhambo lwabo luphelile kwaye ubambe ibhaso olifunayo, intlekele uphawu lobukho bomntu uyayenza into yakhe.
Ubusuku baseChile (2000)
Yinoveli yesixhenxe yombhali. Isicatshulwa-ngokusekwe kuhambo lwe Bolano ukuya eSantiago de Chile kwi-1999-ichazwe kumntu wokuqala ngumfundisi we-right-wing of Opus Dei, uSebastián Urrutia Lacroix. Ngokwamazwi ombhali, yena wazama ukucinga: “… ukungabikho kwetyala lomfundisi wamaKatolika. Ubutsha obuncomekayo bomntu othe, ngenxa yoqeqesho lobukrelekrele, kwafuneka eve ubunzima besazela”.
nayo, I-Bolaño ichaza ibali njenge: "... isikweko selizwe elingapheliyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Ikwasisikweko selizwe eselitsha, welizwe elingazazi kakuhle ukuba lilizwe okanye lilizwe”.
Isiqendu
Ngelixa icawa uurrutia lala ebhedini yokugula, ubalisa ngeziganeko ezifanelekileyo zobomi bakhe. Phakathi kwezinto ezifikayo luhambo oluya kwifama ethi "Là Bas", izifundo zakhe eYurophu kwiminyaka yoo-1970 kunye neendibano awayenazo nombhali uMaría Canales. Akazishiyi ngaphandle iintetho ezingeMarxism awathi wayalela uAugusto Pinochet kunye neJunta yomkhosi waseChile ngo-XNUMX.
Ngexesha lokungcungcutheka kwakhe, u-Urrutia watyhubela iintlungu ezininzi, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokubona izinto ezingekhoyo, nto leyo emenza acinge ukuba iya kuba bubusuku bakhe bokugqibela. Ibali lakhe ngamanye amaxesha limiswa "ngumfana osekhulile", onokutolikwa njengento ebonisa isazela sakhe. okanye njengesiporho.
Emantonga (2002)
Yapapashwa e-Barcelona ngo-2002, yinoveli yesibhozo yombhali. Umsebenzi wawunikezelwe kubantwana bakhe: uAlexandra noLautaro. Kunyaka emva kokupapashwa, kudliwano-ndlebe nephephandaba IMercury, UBolano wathi:
"Emantonga Ndiyayithanda kakhulu, mhlawumbi kuba xa ndibhala le noveli ndandingomnye umntu, ngokomgaqo mncinane kakhulu kwaye mhlawumbi ukhaliphile kwaye ungcono kunangoku. Kwaye ukusetyenziswa koncwadi kwakunamandla ngakumbi kunanamhlanje, endizamayo, ngaphakathi kwemida ethile, ukuba iqondakala. Ngoko ke andizange ndibone ukuba bayandiqonda okanye akunjalo. "
Into eyachazwa ngumbhali ibonisa ukuba umsebenzi wenziwa kudala. Oku kunokubonwa kuqinisekisiwe kwinqaku nguBolaño kwi La IYunivesithi engaziwa (2007) — imibongo emva kokusweleka kwakhe—, apho egcina loo nto Emantonga Yabhalwa ngo-1980, xa wayesebenza njengonogada ebusuku kwinkampu yase-Estella de Mar, eCasteldefels.
Sobre el autor
Umbhali kunye nembongi uRoberto Bolaño ezelwe NgoLwesibini we-28 ka-Epreli, 1953 en ESantiago yaseChile. Wakhulela kwintsapho ekumgangatho ophantsi. Uyise, uLeón Bolaño, wayengumbethi-manqindi kunye nomqhubi weloli; unina, uVictoria Ávalos, umfundisi-ntsapho. Ubuntwana bakhe kunye nobutsha bakhe bokuqala wayehlala kwilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-15 ubudala, wafudukela eMexico., apho waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe zasesekondari.
Ngowe-1975 waseka, kunye nabanye ababhali abancinci, intshukumo yesihobe ye-infrarealism. Kungekudala emva koko, wapapasha ingqokelela yakhe yokuqala yemibongo: vuselela uthando (1976). Kwiminyaka esibhozo kamva wangena kudidi lwenoveli ngemisebenzi Ingcebiso evela kumfundi waseMorrison kumlandeli kaJoyce y indlela yeendlovu (zombini ngo-1984). Oku kwalandelwa zezinye izicatshulwa, ezifana: Izinja ezithandanayo (1993) Inkwenkwezi ekude (1996) kunye Ezintathu (2000).
Ukuqwalaselwa
Ngenxa yobuchule kunye nemvelaphi yemisebenzi yakhe, umbhali waphumelela la mabhaso alandelayo:
- Felix Urabayen 1984 ngu indlela yeendlovu (1984)
- Municipal Institute of Literature of Santiago ngo-1998 yebali Iifowuni zefowuni (1997)
- UHerralde de Novela (1998) kunye noRómulo Gallegos (1999) kwinoveli Abacuphi basendle (1998)
- ISalambó (2004), iAltazor (2005) kunye neMbasa yemagazini iTime ngeyona noveli igqwesileyo ka-2008 2666 (2004)
Ukufa
Bolano wafa ngoLwesibini, ngoJulayi 15, 2003 e-Barcelona (eSpain) ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwesibindi. Nangona washiya iincwadi ezininzi engekagqitywa, Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, 2666. Yinoveli ebanzi umbhali ebejonge ukuyipapasha ibe ngamacandelo ama-5. Nangona kunjalo, intsapho yakhe yagqiba ekubeni ibonise njengesicatshulwa esisodwa kwi-2004. 2666 Ngomnye weyona misebenzi yakhe ibalaseleyo.