UNicanor Parra, i-antipoet.
UNicanor Segundo Parra Sandoval (1914-2018) Wayengusosayensi, isazi semathematika kunye nembongi yobuzwe baseChile, kuthathelwe ingqalelo omnye wababhali ochaphazele uncwadi ngeSpanish, kwaye ngokweengcali: eyona ibalaseleyo kwingingqi yasentshona
Waye wachongwa izihlandlo ezininzi kwiNobel Prize kuLwazi loNcwadi, akayifumana. Nangona kunjalo wawongwa ngeNcwadi kaZwelonke kunye neCervantes. Umbhali wayenobudlelwane obuhle noMichelle Bachelet, owayesakuba ngumongameli waseChile, owayemtyelele de kwaba sekupheleni kweentsuku zakhe.
I-Biography
Ukuzalwa nosapho
UNicanor Parra wazalwa ngo-Septemba 5, 1914 eSan Fabián de Alico, eChile. Wayevela kusapho olunezinto ezimbalwa zoqoqosho. Uyise wayengu: Nicanor Parra Alarcón, imvumi ye-bohemian kunye notitshala; kunye neyakhe Umama: URosa Clara Sandoval, umthungi othanda umculo wesintu kwilizwe lakhe.
Abantwana abasibhozo bazalwa kuloo manyano, uNicanor wayengoyena mdala. Nangona kunjalo, wayenoodade boomama ababini, ababetshatile ngaphambili. Ikhaya labo yayiyindawo yokufundisa kukatata, bafuduka ngexesha lobuzwilakhe likaCarlos Ibáñez, njengoko uAlarcón kwafuneka esebenzele urhulumente kwizixeko ezininzi.
Ulutsha kunye nezifundo
Nicanor wafunda i-baccalaureate yakhe eLiceo de Hombres eChillán, indawo apho usapho lwagqibela ukuhlala khona. Waqala ukubhala isihobe, oku kungenxa yempembelelo awayeyifumana kwiincwadi ezininzi awayenokufikelela kuzo: imisebenzi yemibongo yale mihla, iihadi ezithandwayo kunye nomculo wobugcisa awunikwa ngunjingalwazi.
Wayenguye kuphela kwintsapho yakhe ukungena kwimfundo ephakamileyo. Wanikwa isibonelelo sokugqibezela i-baccalaureate xa wayefudukela eSantiago, kwaye ngo-1933 waqala ukufunda imathematics kunye ne-physics kwiYunivesithi yaseChile. Ngexesha lokuphumelela kwakhe eyunivesithi wapapasha I-Anthology eNtsha yaseChile; waphumelela ngo-1937.
Ukuqala koncwadi
Unyaka wokuphumelela kwakhe wapapasha ingqokelela yokuqala yemibongo, Incwadi yengoma engenagama, Ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndibuyele eChillán ukuze ndenze umsebenzi wakhe. Umsebenzi opapashiweyo ufumene iMbasa yeMibongo kaMasipala yaseSantiago. Ngo-1939, emva kwenyikima, wabuyela kwikomkhulu kwaye ngo-1943 waphumelela imali yokufunda e-United States.
Ngo-1949 waphumelela esinye isifundiswa, ngeli xesha e-Oxford. Ngeli xesha, uParra wafunda okuninzi malunga noncwadi lwaseYurophu. Watshata noInga Palmen baya eChile, ngo-1955 wapapasha Imibongo kunye nee-antipoems, engumxube wenkcubeko yakhe neyaseYurophu, ngenxa yalo msebenzi waziwa kwihlabathi liphela.
Ukwamkelwa kwilizwe liphela
I-Antipoetry, ngokuchaseneyo nesiko, yayiyimpawu eyatsala indawo yokufunda. Kwiminyaka emashumi mathandathu, uParra wapapasha imibongo eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya Amaculo IsiRashiya. Ngo-1967 uJorge Elliott waguqulela imveliso eyayinika eyona nto iphambili; isihloko sayo ngesiNgesi sasi Imibongo kunye nee-antipoems.
UNicanor Parra ebudaleni bakhe.
Parra ngexesha leMfazwe ebandayo
Imbongi yamenywa kuMnyhadala weSizwe woMbongo waseMelika. Olu tyelelo lwanika iNdlu yeWhite White ithuba, ngenkohliso, yokujika iCuba ibhekane nombhali, imfote noPat Nixon. Le ngxaki yangcolisa igama likaParra.
Emva kokuba imfazwe iphelile, wapapasha Ubume Njengokuqhankqalaza nxamnye nala mazwe mabini, ewe, yayingengobungozi, kuba yayingasekelwanga nakweyiphi na imbono. Kuyo yonke iminyaka yama-XNUMX wema eqinile ngokungoneliseki kwakhe ngongxowankulu nakusoshiyali.
Ukutyunjwa kukaNobel
Xa ubuzwilakhe baphela kwilizwe lakhe, umbhali waphinda waziwa. Ngexesha lama-1990 ukutyunjwa kwakhe kathathu kwiNobel Prize kuLwazi kwenzeka, okokuqala ngo-1995, kwalandela ngo-1997 kwaza kwagqitywa ngowama-2000. Ngelishwa khange akwazi ukuyifumana kwaye yongezwa kuluhlu lwe ababhali abangayiphumelelanga iNobel.
Ikhulu leminyaka kunye nokufa
Ngo-2014, uNicanor Parra wagubha iminyaka eyi-100 yokuzalwaNgexesha lenyanga yonke imisebenzi yayiqhutywa ukubonakalisa imbeko kuye, nangona kunjalo, imbongi khange iye nakweyiphi na. U-Michelle Bachelet wayekuphela komntu amamkelayo ekhayeni lakhe, njengoko wayeqhele ukwamkela iindwendwe. Ukusukela oko wafumanisa uJuan Rulfo, uParra wathi uphinde wazifumana kunye neeleta, hayi ilize incwadi zikaRulfo eyona misebenzi mihle yaseMexico kunye nehlabathi.
UNicanor Parra Usweleke ekhayeni lakhe eSantiago de Chile eneminyaka eyi-103, ngoJanuwari 23, 2018; Ukulila kuzwelonke kwamiselwa iintsuku ezimbini ukuhlonipha inkumbulo yakhe. Ngomhla emva kokubhubha kwakhe, wangcwatywa kwindawo awayehlala kuyo, ngexesha lomsitho wosapho owayesakuba ngumongameli.
UJuan Rulfo, umbhali wempembelelo enkulu emsebenzini kaNicanor Parra.
Ulwakhiwo
-Ingoma engenaculo (1937).
- Iivesi zegumbi lokuhlala (1962).
- Iintshumayelo kunye neentshumayelo zikaKrestu kaElqui (1977).
- Umbongo kunye nee-antipoems zika-Eduardo Frei (1982).
-Izinto ezikhoyo (1982).
Iindinyana zeKrisimesi (antivillancico) (1983).
-Iintetho zasemva kwesidlo sangokuhlwa (2006).