UChristie Agatha.
Xa abasebenzisi be-Intanethi befuna "iAgatha Christie ezona ncwadi zilungileyo" iziphumo zikhomba kumsebenzi wombhali othathwa njengomanduleli wohlobo lomcuphi. Bobabini abagxeki kunye nabafundi abathandayo baye bancoma izihloko zalo mbhali waseBritane. Ngapha koko, Incwadi yeGuinness yeeRekhodi umjonga njengoyena mvelisi uthengisa kakhulu kwimbali.
Uninzi lwe "tyala" kwilebhile enjalo uChristie kungenxa kaHercules Poirot kunye noNkosazana Marple. Bazi Abacuphi ababini abadumileyo ngalo lonke ixesha kunye nezikhokelo ezaziwa kakhulu zikaChristie. Ngaphezu, Poirot waba kuphela umlinganiswa etsomo ukufumana obituary kwiphephandaba. The New York Times, emva kokuvela kwayo kokugqibela kwi Ikhethini (1975).
Ubomi buka-Agatha Christie ngamafutshane
UAgatha Mary Clarissa Miller uqale wabona ukukhanya kwemini ngoSeptemba 15, 1890, eTorquay, eNgilani. Wayehlala esifubeni sosapho olukumgangatho ophakathi ophezulu. Wayesekhaya efundiswe ebuntwaneni bakhe, ngelo xesha waba nemikhwa yokufunda. Ngexesha lokufikisa kwakhe wafunda eParis kwaye wakhonza njengomongikazi wokuzithandela ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu.
Wayetshatile no-Archibald Christie phakathi kuka-1914 no-1928, Wayenentombi ekuphela kwayo, uRosalind Hick (ngo-1919 ukuya ku-2004). Umtshato wakhe wesibini yayikukumbiwa kwezinto zakudala uMax Mallowan. Naye, wasebenza ngokubamba okubalulekileyo eMbindi Mpuma nakuMntla Afrika (iindawo ezihlala zikhutshwa kuseto lombhali). Esi sibini sahlala kunye de kwasekufeni kukaChristie ngoJanuwari 12, 1976.
Iimpawu zomsebenzi wakhe
UAgatha Christie uthumele i-66 Iinoveli zabacuphi, Iincwadi zothando ezintandathu kunye namabali amafutshane ali-14 (asayinwe phantsi kwegama likaMary Westmacott). Kunjalo, Ubunzima bayo kwimbali yoncwadi lwehlabathi bunikezelwa ngegalelo layo elikhulu kuhlobo lomcuphi. Yeyiphi indlela eyaqalwa ngumphandi wakhe we-iconic uHercules Poirot naye Ityala eliyimfihlakalo leZimbo (1920).
Nangona kunjalo-ngaphandle kokwazi kancinci kancinci-abanye abalinganiswa abenziwe nguChristie abanakuhoywa. Injalo imeko ka-Miss Marple, isibini sase-Beresford, u-Colonel Race, u-Captain Hastings kunye ne-Superintendent Battle, phakathi kwabanye.. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba u-Miss Marple kunye noPoirot abaze bahambelane kwinoveli efanayo.
Iincwadi ezinenkanyezi noHercules Poirot
Ikhethini (1975), ibali elibalaseleyo eliphela ngokufa komcuphi owaziwayo
Iinkwenkwezi zabucala zomcuphi waseBelgium kwiinoveli ezingama-33 kunye namabali amafutshane angama-50 ka-Agatha Christie, apapashwa phakathi kowe-1920 nowe-1975. Ngaphandle kokungathandi kunye nokudinwa okuvezwe ngumbhali wase-Bhritane kwisimilo sakhe ukusukela phakathi kwiminyaka ye-1930, wala ukumbulala. Isizathu: uluntu luyayithanda iPoirot kakhulu kwaye umbhali waziva ukuba ngumsebenzi wakhe ukonwabisa abaphulaphuli bakhe.
Ekugqibeleni ungene Ikhethini (1975) umcuphi ubhubha ngenxa yeengxaki zentliziyo. Xa, emva "kokuncama" ikhowudi yakhe yokuziphatha, ushiya ngabom iipilisi zakhe kude. Ewe, I-Poirot ibulala ubuqili obunobuqili obungazange buzanywe. "Amaxhoba" amenzela ulwaphulo-mthetho. Le ncwadi yayibhalwe kwiminyaka engama-36 ngaphambi kokuba ipapashwe.
Ukubulawa kukaRoger Ackroyd (1926)
Iziganeko zenzeka eKing's Abbot (igama eliyintsomi) kwaye zibaliswa nguGqirha Sheppard, omnye wabemi bedolophu encinci. Pha, UNkosikazi Ferrars uphelelwe lithemba emva kokubulala umyeni wakhe kunye nokuba lixhoba lokukhohliswa. Emva koko, eli nenekazi likhathazekileyo ligqiba kwelokuzibulala kwaye lishiya ileta kuRoger Ackroyd-indoda ayithandayo-apho atyhila khona okwenzekileyo.
Kodwa u-Ackroyd uphinde wabulawa kwaye oyena mntu unakho ukucacisa iinyani nguPoirot, onwabele ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi kutshanje e-King's Abbot. Ikhosi ebangel 'umdla yeziganeko ifikelela esiphelweni ngokumangaliswa ithathwa njengeyona nto inomtsalane kwiinoveli zikaChristie.
Amanye amabali anenkwenkwezi kaHercules Poirot
- Ityala eliyimfihlakalo leZimbo (1920).
- Ukubulala kwibala legalufa (1923).
- UPoirot uyaphanda (1924).
- Ezine ezinkulu (1927).
- Imfihlelo yololiwe ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka (1928).
- Ingozi ekufutshane (1932).
- UPoirot wophula umthetho (1933).
- Ukusweleka kweNkosi Edgware (1933).
- Ukubulala kwi-Express Express (1934).
- Intlungu kwizenzo ezintathu (1935).
- Ukufa emafini (1935).
- Imfihlelo yesikhokelo sikaloliwe (1936).
- Amakhadi asetafileni (1936).
- Ukubulala eMesopotamiya (1936).
- Ukufa kumNayile (1937).
- Ingqina elisisimumu (1937).
- Ukubulala eBardsley Mews (1937).
- Rendezvous ngokufa (1938).
- Ikrisimesi ebuhlungu (1939).
- Ukufa kutyelela ugqirha wamazinyo (1940).
- Umsipres olusizi (1940).
- Ububi phantsi kwelanga (1941).
- Iihagu ezincinci ezintlanu (1942).
- Igazi echibini (1946).
- Imisebenzi kaHercules (1947).
- Amaza aphezulu obomi (1948).
- Iimpuku ezintathu ezingaboniyo (1950).
- Amatyala asibhozo ePoirot (1951).
- UNksk McGinty uswelekile (1952).
- Emva komngcwabo (1953).
- Ukubulala kwisitalato iHickory (1955).
- Itempile yeNasse-House (1956).
- Ikati kwihobe (1959).
- Ikrisimesi ipudding (1960).
- Iiwotshi (1963).
- Intombazana yesithathu (1966).
- Iiapile (1969).
- Iindlovu ziyakhumbula (1972).
- Amatyala okuqala kaPoirot (1974).
- Miss Marple
Ukuba uPoirot ngumphenyi ococekileyo osombulula amatyala antsonkothileyo kubukhosi baseBritane, uphando lukaMiss Marple luvalelwe kwilali yaseNgilani. Ngokukodwa, Izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezisonjululwe leli nenekazi li-spinster zenzeka eSt, idolophu encinci eqingqiweyo kumazantsi eNgilani.
Lilonke UChristie wenza iinoveli ezili-13 kunye namabali amafutshane aliqela ahamba no-Miss Marple. Uchazwa njengexhegokazi elithandekayo elililolo, elinomtsalane, elithanda iimfumba kunye nolwazi olubanzi ngendalo. Ngokuchanekileyo, olu lwazi lumvumela ukuba atyhile iimfihlakalo ezingenakuchazeka nkqu nakwiingcali ezinamava eScotland Yard.
Ukufa kwigaraji (1930)
Ngale noveli, uChristie wazisa umhlaba ku-Miss Marple. Kwakungo-Oktobha 1930, yaye umzobo umntu obhinqileyo njengabalinganiswa abaphambili kwinoveli yomcuphi yayiyinto enzima kuluntu ukuba yetyise. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nomsebenzi osele umde kwaye uneziqhamo zombhali, iingcango zaphoswa ngokubanzi kwaye abafundi base-UK bawunika lo msebenzi ngendlela eyamkelekileyo. Kwakhona e-US Agatha abafundi babhiyozela ukufika kwalo mlinganiswa mtsha.
I-St. Mary Mead yindawo (ebubuxoki) esebenza njengommandla wophuhliso lwe Ukufa kwigaraji. Yidolophu yesiNgesi-ichazwe ngokuchanekileyo nguChristie-leyo uyashukunyiswa ngababuleweyo bakaLucius Protheroe. Umzimba, ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, uvela kwisifundo somfundisi. Yonke into ibinokusonjululwa ngokukhawuleza, ukuba lo mlinganiswa — ubulungisa bezomthetho noKoloneli osethathe umhlala-phantsi — ebengenguye omnye wabantu abacatshukelwa kuyo yonke idolophu.
Ke uMiss Marple uzifumana ekwimeko engaqhelekanga. Ayisiyiyo kuphela into yokuba kufuneka ajongane nenyani yokuba iProtheroe yayithiyiwe ngabantu abaninzi belali, kodwa nokuba emva kokubulawa kwakhe, abantu ababini bayalivuma ityala. Umphandi unokufaka ulwazi lwakhe ekuphuculeni uluhlu lwabarhanelwa ukuya kuthi ga kwisixhenxe. Inxalenye yento eyongeza uxinzelelo kunye nokuthandabuza kukuba umfundisi ngokwakhe uphakathi kwabo batyholwayo. Ekugqibeleni, njengesiqhelo kwiinoveli zikaChristie, abafundi bayamkelwa bothuka.
Amanye amabali kaMiss Marple
- U-Miss Marple kunye neengxaki ezilishumi elinesithathu / iimeko zika-Miss Marple (1933).
- Imfihlakalo yeRegatta kunye namanye amaBali (Ngo-1939). Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali.
- Isidumbu kwithala leencwadi (1942).
- Ityala lomntu ongaziwayo (1943).
- Kuyabhengezwa ukubulala (1950).
- Iimpuku ezintathu eziMfama kunye namanye amaBali (Ngo-1950). Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali.
- Isipili siyakhohlisa (1952).
- Iirandi ezimbalwa (1953).
- Uloliwe we-4: 50 (1957).
- Ukhenketho lwePudding yeKrisimesi (Ngo-1960). Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali.
- Isono esiphindiweyo namanye amaBali (Ngo-1961). Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali.
- Isibuko esiqhekekileyo ukusuka ngapha nangapha (1962).
- Imfihlakalo kwiiCaribbean (1964).
- Kwihotele yaseBertram (1965).
- Nemesis (1971).
- Ulwaphulo-mthetho lokulala (ebhalwe malunga ne-1940; yapapashwa emva kwexesha ngo-1976)
- Amatyala okugqibela kaMiss Marple (Ngo-1979). Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali.
Umbhali onomdla, iincwadi zakhe zingumsebenzi wobugcisa kwaye ilifa lakhe alinasiphako kwaye lihle.
-Gustavo Woltmann.