Caphulelwa nguJuan Ramón Jiménez.
Xa umsebenzisi we-Intanethi ekhangela "imisebenzi ephambili uJuan Ramón Jiménez", iziphumo zikhomba kwizihloko zakhe ezintathu ezaziwa kakhulu. Ngokufanelekileyo, Ubulolo obunomdla (1911) UPlatero kunye nam (1914) kunye Idayari yombongi osandul 'ukutshata (Ngo-1916). Kuzo kunokwenzeka ukuba uchonge ezona mpawu zaziwayo zesitayile sakhe: ukuthobela, ukugqibelela, ukucamngca, ukukhangela unaphakade kunye "nobuhle bobubi".
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphakathi kwalo naluphi na uphononongo loncwadi inokuba ithambekele kakhulu ekuzilinganiseleni kuphela kupapasho olukhankanyiweyo. Ngapha koko, la ngamazwi aphumeleleyo kwiBhaso likaNobel loNcwadi. Yintoni egqithisile, kwinqanaba ngalinye lokuyila -Ukuqonda (1889 - 1915), ubukrelekrele (1916 - 1936), kwaye kuyinyani (1937 - 1958) - wapapasha imibhalo emininzi ebalulekileyo ngexesha lakhe.
Ubomi bukaJuan Ramón Jiménez
Ukuzalwa kunye nezifundo
Wazalelwa eMoguer, eSpain, nge-23 kaDisemba ngo-1881. U-Little Juan Ramón waya kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi eColegio de Primera y Segunda Enseñanza de San José. Emva kwexesha, waya e "La Rábida" Institute (Huelva) kwaye wafunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kwiSan Luis Gonzaga Academy ePuerto de Santa María.
Ekuqaleni, uJiménez wayekholelwa ukuba ubizo lwakhe yayikukupeyinta; Inale nto engqondweni, wafudukela eSeville ngonyaka we-1896. Nangona kunjalo, ngexeshana elingephi wagqiba iprozi yakhe yokuqala kunye nokubhalwa kweevesi kwaye kamva waba negalelo kumaphephandaba neemagazini ezahlukeneyo zaseAndalusi. Ngaxeshanye, yaqala-ngokunyanzelwa ngabazali-ikhondo lomsebenzi wezomthetho kwiYunivesithi yaseSeville (Wayishiya ngo-1899).
Uxinzelelo
1900 wafudukela eMadrid, apho wapapasha khona Nymphaeas y Imiphefumlo ye-violet, iincwadi zakhe ezimbini zokuqala. Kwakuloo nyaka wawela kuxinzelelo olunzulu emva kokubhubha kukatata wakhe kunye nelahleko emva kwayo yonke impahla yosapho kwimpikiswano neBanco de Bilbao.
Ngenxa yoko, uJiménez wangeniswa kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo eBordeaux kwaye kamva kwiSanatorio del Rosario kwikomkhulu laseSpain. Inyaniso, Ukudakumba yayisisifo esihlala sihleli kulo lonke ubomi bombongi. Ngokukodwa emva kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe yamakhaya kunye nokudityaniswa okwalandelayo kolawulo lobuzwilakhe lukaFranco kunye nokusweleka komtshana wakhe kolo ngquzulwano.
Intliziyo ebuhlungu
Ngaphambi kokuba ube yiCasanova yokwenyani, Umbhali waseAndalusi wayemthanda kakhulu uBlanca Hernández Pinzón, kubhekiswa kuye kwindinyana zakhe "njengomtshakazi omhlophe." Emva kwexesha, "akazange acalucalule" okanye imvelaphi, umsebenzi okanye imeko yomtshato kwimicimbi yakhe yothando. Wayenazo zonke iintlobo: abafazi abatshatileyo, abafazi abangatshatanga, abaphambukeli, nditsho-ngokokutsho kukaJosé A. Exposito, umhleli wakhe-nokuba ngoonongendi.
Amanqanaba okubhala kaJuan Ramón Jiménez
Inqanaba elibuthathaka (1898 - 1915)
Amava kaDonjuán de Jiménez abalulekile ngenxa yeengoma ezibonisa zona, ngakumbi kwi Iincwadi zothando (1911-12), eyakhiwe kwimibongo eyi-104. Eli nqanaba lelona libalaseleyo kumbhali weHuesca. Kuyo wabonisa imeko yala maxesha kunye nesimboli yoncwadi yelo xesha kunye nefuthe elibonakalayo likaGustavo Adolfo Bécquer.
nayo, Ekupheleni kweli nqanaba impembelelo yomfuziselo waseFrance ehlanganiswe zizifundiswa ezinje UCharles baudelaire okanye uPaul Verlaine, phakathi kwabanye. Ngenxa yoko, kwimisebenzi yakhe kukho ukubaluleka kokuma komhlaba kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, apho ulusu luhlala luhleli.
Ubulolo obunomdla (1911)
Le yenye yezona zinto zincinci ezifundwe yingqokelela yemibongo kaJiménez, kodwa akukho nto ichaphazelekayo. Kuba iifom zikhona kwesi siqwenga, kunye nomxholo waso, kungqina ukuba imbongi iyazigatya “kwilifa” lala maxesha. Ke ngoko, lo msebenzi umele ukuvulwa kohlaziyo olunemibongo ngexesha lakhe.
Isiqwenga:
“Igolide yangokuhlwa iyajika ibe pinki;
imifuno isekhona kwaye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuyabanda;
nasekukhanyeni kwelanga, ibhabhathane libhabha
"
UPlatero kunye nam (1914)
Iqwalaselwa ngabahlohli njengenye yeetekisi ezibaluleke kakhulu kwiSpanish ngalo lonke ixesha. Kwangokunjalo, kuJiménez kwakuthetha ukuba isiqwenga sotshintsho esivela kubomi banamhlanje ukuya kwifom ecacileyo egcwele iimvakalelo ezintle kunye noxinaniso oluchazayo. Ke, Umkhandi wesilivere Kubonakala ngathi libali labantwana, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo (kuqinisekisiwe ngumbhali ngokwakhe).
Kwelinye icala, ngaphandle kokubhekisa rhoqo kwilizwe lakhe lase-Andalusia kunye neziganeko ezithile zobuqu, ingeyiyo nengxelo yobomi bakhe. Ngapha koko, uJiménez wenza umbongo obalaseleyo, iyasilela ngokulandelelana. Kodwa ixesha libonakala lihamba ngonaphakade, apho iziqalo kunye neziphelo zimelwe ngamaxesha onyaka.
Isiqwenga:
“IPlatero incinci, inoboya, ithambile; ithambile ngaphandle, kangangokuba umntu angathi yenziwe ngomqhaphu, ukuze angabinamathambo. Kuphela zizipili zejethi zamehlo akhe ezilukhuni njengooqongqothwane abamnyama beiglasi ”(…)“ Uthambile kwaye uthandekile njengenkwenkwe, njengentombazana…, kodwa womile kwaye womelele ngaphakathi njengelitye ”.
Eminye imisebenzi isebenza kwinqanaba elinovakalelo likaJiménez
- Iingoma (1902).
- I-Arias ezibuhlungu (1902).
- Iigadi ezikude (1904).
- Melancholia (1912).
- ILabyrinth (1913).
Inqanaba lobukrelekrele (1916 - 1936)
Ngeli xesha-ebhaptizwe nguye- Imbongi yeAndalusian yaphawulwa ngokunzulu ngeziganeko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Eyokuqala, uhambo lwakhe lokuqala oluya eMelika kunye nendlela eya kumbongo wase-Anglo-Saxon wababhali abanjengoBlake, Yeats, E. Dickinson noShelley, phakathi kwabanye.
Umsitho wesibini wawungu umtshato wakhe noZenobia Camprubí, iqabane lakhe elithembekileyo de kwaba yiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela. Okokugqibela, ulwandle lwaba sisikhuthazo esibalulekileyo, kuba kuJiménez ulwandle lwaluthetha ubomi, ukuba bucala, ukuba wedwa, ukonwaba kunye nexesha langoku elimiyo.
Idayari yombongi osandul 'ukutshata (1917)
Njengoko igama lisitsho, Kulo msebenzi, uJiménez uvakalise ifuthe eliveliswe ngumtshato wakhe osandula ukugqitywa noCamprubí. Kwangokunjalo, le mihla yaseNew York yaguqula ubumbano lwehlabathi kwaye yakhokelela ekuveleni kwengoma engenazo izichazi zokuhombisa. Apho ukusetyenziswa kwezibizo ze ze kuhlose ukukhulisa imifanekiso esisiseko.
Ukongeza, uJuan Ramón Jiménez buzihlukanise neefom zemveli zemibongo ukuya emngciphekweni womxube omangalisayo kunye nokuyila kwezinto ezingaphantsi (yiyo loo nto ukubaluleka kwayo). Umdibaniso onje ufuzisela isiphithiphithi esingapheliyo sedolophu enkulu ezele umahluko. Ngokukodwa, kulo msebenzi iifom zeengoma ezichazwe apha ngezantsi ziyahambelana:
- Prose imibongo
- Iindinyana
- Amabali amancinci
- IiAxioms
- Gregueries
- Imibhalo ye-extrapoetic
Eminye imisebenzi isebenza kwinqanaba lobukrelekrele likaJuan Ramón Jiménez
- Ihlobo (1916).
- Iinethi zokomoya (1917).
- Ngonaphakade (1918).
- Ilitye kunye nesibhakabhaka (1919).
- Ubuhle (1923).
- Ingoma (1935).
Inqanaba lokwenyani (1937 - 1958)
Kwaqala ngokugxothwa kukaJiménez kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kwilizwekazi laseMelika ngenxa yemfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain. Ke ngoko, Ukutshintsha kwamandla kumazwi kuye kwabonakala, imbongi ichaphazeleke kakhulu kwaye ibuhlungu ngenxa yeziganeko ezenzeka kwilizwe lakhe. Ngokuhambelana, indalo yakhe yaba yeyimfihlakalo ngakumbi, yokucinga kunye neyokomoya.
Ukwenza izinto zibe mbi nangakumbi, unkosikazi wakhe wasweleka ngo-1956 emva kokulwa ixesha elide nomhlaza.. Ngesi sizathu, ukudakumba kwakhe kangangokuba akazange ade ayokuwongwa ngembasa kaNobel yoNcwadi ayifumene kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba abe ngumhlolokazi. Oko kungena kunye nokuphanziswa kwahamba nembongi de kwangumhla wokufa kwakhe, okwenzeka ngoMeyi 29, 1958.
Izihloko zenqanaba lokwenyani likaJiménez
- Amazwi avela kwingoma yam (1945).
- Isikhululo esipheleleyo (1946).
- IiCoral Gables zothando (1948).
- Imvelaphi yezilwanyana (1949).
- Induli emeridiya (1950).
Intsomi (Ngo-1978 - emva kwesidumbu)
Le ncwadi ifanele ukukhankanywa okhethekileyo kuba luhlaziyo olupheleleyo olwenziwa nguJuan Ramón Jiménez ngokwakhe ngomsebenzi wakhe (1896 - 1956). Yapapashwa nguAntonio Sánchez Romeralo yaza kamva yafumana uhlelo olulungisiweyo ngo-2006 nguMaría Estela Arretche.
